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International audience ; Imprescriptibility is a legal technique that allows lawyers to place certain things above the human condition.Through imprescriptibility, the law expresses the conviction that certain attributes, goods or actions are the work of something other than men or, at the very least, that they escape them. The slow and constant decline in the imprescriptibility of administrative law teaches that this technique does not mean timelessness. The study, therefore, explores the evolution of the different manifestations of imprescriptibility in administrative law. Because imprescriptibility is supposed to cover the most precious, the temporality of this technique betrays the inescapable change in the values underlying administrative law. The imprescriptibility of competences appears to be a latent rule, whereas there are no political or theoretical obstacles to its recognition today. There seems to be a structural incompatibility between the power to make administrative acts and extinctive prescription. Prolonged inaction can never be served as a renunciation here, because competence is not a possession of which the public body is the master. Paradoxically, in order not to degrade them, not to reduce them to objects of property, the imprescriptibility of competences remains unspoken. If on the contrary, the imprescriptibility of the public domain benefits from a solid foundation in positive law, its history is otherwise troubled. The apparitions and disappearances of the principle over time will have a lasting impact on the doctrine, instilling the conviction that imprescriptibility forms an extrinsic, contingent characteristic, and therefore difficult to justify in theory. In the 19th century, the thesis of "non-commercial goods" flourished, the ones that « Providence divided to everyone indiscriminately, such as air, light and water ». The idea of imprescriptibility by nature of the public domain offers a translation of the divine origin of these goods. The doctrine of imprescriptibility for the sole ...

Les règles applicables à l'organisation et au fonctionnement des entreprises publiques locales forment l'objet de cette publication. La première partie est relative aux règles applicables. La seconde est un dossier de documentation contenant des extraits de jurisprudence, de clauses statutaires qui illustrent la première partie

International audience ; Imprescriptibility is a legal technique that allows lawyers to place certain things above the human condition.Through imprescriptibility, the law expresses the conviction that certain attributes, goods or actions are the work of something other than men or, at the very least, that they escape them. The slow and constant decline in the imprescriptibility of administrative law teaches that this technique does not mean timelessness. The study, therefore, explores the evolution of the different manifestations of imprescriptibility in administrative law. Because imprescriptibility is supposed to cover the most precious, the temporality of this technique betrays the inescapable change in the values underlying administrative law. The imprescriptibility of competences appears to be a latent rule, whereas there are no political or theoretical obstacles to its recognition today. There seems to be a structural incompatibility between the power to make administrative acts and extinctive prescription. Prolonged inaction can never be served as a renunciation here, because competence is not a possession of which the public body is the master. Paradoxically, in order not to degrade them, not to reduce them to objects of property, the imprescriptibility of competences remains unspoken. If on the contrary, the imprescriptibility of the public domain benefits from a solid foundation in positive law, its history is otherwise troubled. The apparitions and disappearances of the principle over time will have a lasting impact on the doctrine, instilling the conviction that imprescriptibility forms an extrinsic, contingent characteristic, and therefore difficult to justify in theory. In the 19th century, the thesis of "non-commercial goods" flourished, the ones that « Providence divided to everyone indiscriminately, such as air, light and water ». The idea of imprescriptibility by nature of the public domain offers a translation of the divine origin of these goods. The doctrine of imprescriptibility for the sole purpose of public domain dependencies, developed in the 20th century, warns of the end of the empire of natural law and the trivialisation of public goods. From now on, imprescriptibility, which only reflects human choices, no longer has an absolute and immutable character. The removal of the imprescriptibility of disciplinary proceedings by the law of 20 April 2016 confirms the disappearance of the sacred in administrative law. The imprescriptibility of disciplinary proceedings constituted a reminder of the timelessness of subjection, recognised in former public law. It was then impossible to avoid authority by prescription, which came from God. The banishment of the imprescriptibility of disciplinary action thus reflects a desacralization of hierarchical authority. ; L'imprescriptibilité constitue une technique juridique qui offre au juriste de placer certaines choses au-dessus de la condition humaine. A travers l'imprescriptibilité, le droit exprime la conviction que certains attributs, biens ou actions sont l'œuvre d'autre chose que des hommes ou, à tout le moins, qu'ils leur échappent.La lente et constante régression de l'imprescriptibilité en droit administratif enseigne que cette technique ne signifie pas l'intemporalité. L'étude explore donc l'évolution des différentes manifestations de l'imprescriptibilité en droit administratif. Parce que l'imprescriptibilité est supposée recouvrir le plus précieux, la temporalité de cette technique trahit l'inéluctable mutation des valeurs irriguant le droit administratif. L'imprescriptibilité des compétences apparaît comme une règle latente, alors qu'aucun obstacle politique ou théorique n'empêche aujourd'hui sa consécration. Il semble exister une incompatibilité structurelle entre le pouvoir de vouloir les actes administratifs et la prescription extinctive. L'inaction prolongée ne peut ici jamais recevoir la signification d'une renonciation, car la compétence n'est pas une possession dont l'organe est le maître. C'est paradoxalement pour ne pas les avilir, ne pas les réduire à des objets de propriété, que l'imprescriptibilité des compétences demeure inexprimée. Si l'imprescriptibilité du domaine public bénéficie à l'inverse d'un ancrage solide dans le droit positif, son histoire est autrement tourmentée. Les apparitions et disparitions du principe au gré des époques marqueront durablement la doctrine, en instillant la conviction que l'imprescriptibilité forme une caractéristique extrinsèque, contingente, et partant, difficile à justifier théoriquement. Au XIXe siècle, s'épanouit la thèse des « biens hors commerce », ceux que « la Providence départit à tous indistinctement, comme l'air, la lumière, l'eau ». L'idée d'une imprescriptibilité par nature du domaine public offre une traduction de l'origine divine de ces biens. La doctrine de l'imprescriptibilité à raison de la seule destination des dépendances du domaine public, développée au XXe siècle, avertit de la fin de l'empire du droit naturel et de la banalisation des biens publics. Désormais, l'imprescriptibilité, qui ne traduit que des choix humains, ne revêt plus de caractère absolu et immuable. La suppression de l'imprescriptibilité de l'action disciplinaire par la loi du 20 avril 2016 confirme l'évanouissement du sacré en droit administratif. L'imprescriptibilité de l'action disciplinaire constituait en effet une rémanence de l'intemporalité de la sujétion, reconnue dans l'ancien droit public. On ne pouvait alors se soustraire par la prescription à l'autorité, celle-ci procédant de Dieu. Le bannissement de l'imprescriptibilité de l'action disciplinaire traduit ainsi une désacralisation de l'autorité hiérarchique.

In Canada as in Europe, the state is undergoing profound changes. France is scarcely spared by this movement. Perhaps more than other EU countries, the traditional interventionism of the French administration is subject to neoliberal public policies; on the other hand, the dogma of the unitary state is increasingly undermined by a set of reforms decided at EU level. For several years, French administrative law has been affected by these various tensions. This article proposes to introduce the reader to Jacques Caillosse's thoughts through his latest work, The State of Administrative Law. This critical thinking makes it possible to grasp the political challenges facing contemporary law and public action in France. ; International audience In Europe as well as in Canada, governments are undergoing major changes. France is no exception. Possibly even more than in other countries of the European Union, the traditional interventions of the French government are subject to influence of neo-liberal politics. On the other hand, the doctrine of a unitary state has been increasingly weakened due to various reforms adopted by the European Union. For many years, French public law has also been affected by these various tensions. This article proposes to present the thought of Jacques Caillosse, as presented in his latest book, L'État du droit administratif. His critical study enables one to better understand the political issues at stake in contemporary French public law and public action. ; In Canada as in Europe, the state is undergoing profound changes. France is scarcely spared by this movement. Perhaps more than other EU countries, the traditional interventionism of the French administration is subject to neoliberal public policies; on the other hand, the dogma of the unitary state is increasingly undermined by a set of reforms decided at EU level. For several years, French administrative law has been affected by these various tensions. This article proposes to introduce the reader to Jacques Caillosse's thoughts ...

Legal literature has shown that the administrative decisions adopted by national administrations within the scope of EU law may have extraterritorial effects. By challenging the principle of territoriality of public law, this phenomenon opens a new field of study whose object is the transnational dimension of administrative activity. Through the study of administrative cooperation between Member States, this work explores the establishment of a system of recognition of administrative decisions in the European administrative space. ; La littérature juridique a montré que les décisions administratives adoptées par les administrations nationales dans le champ d'application du droit de l'Union européenne peuvent avoir des effets extraterritoriaux. En remettant en cause le principe de territorialité du droit public, ce phénomène ouvre un nouveau champ d'étude qui a pour objet la dimension transnationale de l'activité administrative. A travers l'étude de la coopération administrative entre Etats membres, ce travail explore la mise en place d'un système de reconnaissance des décisions administratives dans l'espace administratif européen.

this article questions the respective place that historians of administrative law (section 03 of the National Council of Universities) and contemporary administrators (section 02) attach to the analysis of positive law in France. He noted that public authorities were more interested in doctrine than legal historians, as the latter took a more positivist approach. ; This article examines the importance French historians of administrative law and contemporary administrativists give to the analysis of positive law. He notes that administrativists are more interested in the doctrine than law historians, whose approach is a more positivist one. ; this article questions the respective place that historians of administrative law (section 03 of the National Council of Universities) and contemporary administrators (section 02) attach to the analysis of positive law in France. He noted that public authorities were more interested in doctrine than legal historians, as the latter took a more positivist approach. ; Cet article s'interroge sur la place respective que les historiens du droit administratif (section 03 du Conseil national des universités) et les administrativistes contemporains (section 02) accordent en France à l'analyse du droit positif. Il note que les administrativistes s'intéressent davantage à la doctrine que les historiens du droit, ces derniers adoptant une démarche davantage positiviste.

To cope with the circumstances of the Second World War and to satisfy the new ideology in power, the Vichy government (1940-1944) implements a policy directing the economy which confuses the jurist. Facing the silence of the legislator and in order to determine the applicable law and the competent jurisdiction, the authors, both publicists and privatists, divide themselves as well as the judges, whether administrative or judicial, on the legal categories in which the realities of state-controlled economy should be classified. The conditions are favorable for a paradigmatic revolution in administrative law because no concept in this field seems able to withstand the shock of the events. However, the issues of qualifying the new economic realities are addressed in continuity. The hypothesis of a third (economic or professional) law appearing, with authority over management bodies and activities, is rejected. To support a sound administration of justice and to foster the necessary balance between public and private interests, the Conseil d'Etat, followed by the Cour de Cassation, confirms the value of traditional concepts and accepts only certain developments in definying them. Vichy's State-directed economy thus reveals how strongly the traditional concepts of administrative law may resist and how its content, which is never definitively fixed, appears able to adjust to changes in social life. But above all, the phenomenon highlights the importance of past authority : jurists, conservative by nature, refuse to break with tradition. They prefer to maintain imperfect classifications, but of which they know the effects, rather than replacing them with new ones, which seem better, but whose real effectiveness they can doubt. ; Pour faire face aux circonstances de la Seconde guerre mondiale et satisfaire la nouvelle idéologie au pouvoir, le régime de Vichy (1940-1944) met en place une politique de direction de l'économie qui désempare le juriste. Dans le silence du législateur et afin de déterminer le droit applicable ...

To cope with the circumstances of the Second World War and to satisfy the new ideology in power, the Vichy government (1940-1944) implements a policy directing the economy which confuses the jurist. Facing the silence of the legislator and in order to determine the applicable law and the competent jurisdiction, the authors, both publicists and privatists, divide themselves as well as the judges, whether administrative or judicial, on the legal categories in which the realities of state-controlled economy should be classified. The conditions are favorable for a paradigmatic revolution in administrative law because no concept in this field seems able to withstand the shock of the events. However, the issues of qualifying the new economic realities are addressed in continuity. The hypothesis of a third (economic or professional) law appearing, with authority over management bodies and activities, is rejected. To support a sound administration of justice and to foster the necessary balance between public and private interests, the Conseil d'Etat, followed by the Cour de Cassation, confirms the value of traditional concepts and accepts only certain developments in definying them. Vichy's State-directed economy thus reveals how strongly the traditional concepts of administrative law may resist and how its content, which is never definitively fixed, appears able to adjust to changes in social life. But above all, the phenomenon highlights the importance of past authority : jurists, conservative by nature, refuse to break with tradition. They prefer to maintain imperfect classifications, but of which they know the effects, rather than replacing them with new ones, which seem better, but whose real effectiveness they can doubt. ; Pour faire face aux circonstances de la Seconde guerre mondiale et satisfaire la nouvelle idéologie au pouvoir, le régime de Vichy (1940-1944) met en place une politique de direction de l'économie qui désempare le juriste. Dans le silence du législateur et afin de déterminer le droit applicable et la juridiction compétente, les auteurs, publicistes et privatistes, se divisent tout comme les juges, administratifs et judiciaires, sur les catégories juridiques dans lesquelles classer les réalités du dirigisme. Les conditions sont propices à une révolution paradigmatique du droit administratif car aucun des concepts de cette matière ne semble capable de résister au choc des événements. Pourtant, les questions de qualification sont résolues dans la continuité. L'hypothèse de l'apparition d'un troisième droit (économique ou professionnel), dont auraient relevé les organismes et les activités de direction, est rejetée. Au nom de la bonne administration de la justice et de la nécessité de préserver un équilibre entre les intérêts publics et privés, le Conseil d'Etat, suivi par la Cour de cassation, confirme la valeur des notions traditionnelles et n'accepte que certaines évolutions de définitions. Le dirigisme de Vichy révèle ainsi la force de résistance des concepts traditionnels du droit administratif, dont le contenu, jamais définitivement fixé, s'avère capable de s'adapter aux évolutions de la vie sociale. Mais le phénomène met surtout en lumière l'importance de l'autorité du passé : les juristes, conservateurs par nature, refusent de rompre avec la tradition. Ils préfèrent maintenir des classifications imparfaites, mais dont ils connaissent les effets, plutôt que de les remplacer par de nouvelles, d'apparence meilleures, mais dont ils peuvent douter de la véritable efficacité.