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IN 1997 SUBSAHARAN AFRICA LIVED UP TO ITS IMAGE AS A CONTINENT RACKED BY VIOLENCE AND DISORDER. WAR BROKE OUT OR CONTINUED IN ZAIRE (THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO -- DROC), CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE, SIERRA LEONE, SOMALIA, SENEGAL, SUDAN, AND BURUNDI. MEANWHILE, NEW UNREST ERUPTED IN ANGOLA, RWANDA, KENYA, THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, AND ZAMBIA. ALTHOUGH MOST AFRICAN CONFLICTS ARE DRIVEN LARGELY BY INTERNAL FACTORS, A NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL TRENDS ARE EMERGING. FIRST IS THE GROWING INFLUENCE OF THE RWANDA-UGANDA-DROC AXIS THAT IS CLOSELY ALLIED TO ERITREA AND ETHIOPIA. IN WEST AFRICA, NIGERIAN TROOPS ARE PLAYING AN INCREASINGLY FORCEFUL ROLE. SOUTH AFRICA, DESPITE ITS DOMESTIC DIFFICULTIES, CONTINUES TO BE THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DRIVING FORCE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA AND HAS EXTENDED ITS INFLUENCE NORTHWARD.

According to the IMF, some of the fastest-growing economies in the world in 2013 will be in sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, many Western analysts describe 'an arc of instability' spreading across the Sahel region of West Africa. The juxtaposition of these two judgements encapsulates the continent's current contradictions. While there are varying degrees of hope in two of the most conflict-ridden countries -- Somalia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) -- al-Qaeda-linked militants have found new homes in northern Mali and Nigeria. In the year the African Union (previously called the Organisation of African Unity) turned 50, there was some cause for optimism. Fears of electoral violence in Kenya proved unfounded, and the two Sudans seemed to have resolved their oil dispute. However, the credibility of the African Union itself was damaged by its inability to deal with the recent crisis in Mali, while coups continued in West Africa. The continent's largest and most industrialised economy, South Africa, was haunted by a reminder of its violent apartheid-era past with the deaths of 34 miners in a bitter industrial dispute. Even in some of the most buoyant economies, such as Mozambique, not everyone was sharing in the boom. The mantra of 'African solutions for African problems' still seemed a long way from being realised in the security arena. Adapted from the source document.

African development is a key theme for Britain's presidencies of the G-8 group of industrialized countries & the European Union. As part of this, Prime Minister Tony Blair launched the Commission for Africa project to draw up an agenda for action. After a year's work the commission will publish its final report this month, probably simultaneously in New York, Addis Ababa & London. The project has drawn criticism as accident prone & long on rhetoric; can it deliver? Adapted from the source document.

Divided into geographic regions and representing every African nation, this comprehensive collection of case studies explores how successful business enterprises of varying size, along with community projects, help to create jobs in Africa. A valuable guide to conducting business anywhere on the continent, this account also offers information on finding business opportunities and handling oft-encountered problems

Cover -- Half Title -- Introduction to the series -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- Chronology -- Who's who? -- Map -- Part I Introduction -- Introduction: Background and context -- Part II War and conflict in Africa (1900-45) -- 1 Wars of colonial conquest (1900-36) -- 2 Africa and the World Wars (1914-18 and 1939-45) -- Part III War and conflict in Africa (1945-2000) -- 3 Decolonization wars (1945-90) -- 4 Post-colonial civil wars (1955-2000) -- 5 Post-colonial inter-state conflicts (c. 1960-2000) -- Part IV Documents -- Document 1: Peace Treaty of Vereeniging, May 31, 1902 -- Document 2: The South African concentration camps -- Document 3: The Konigsberg in East Africa -- Document 4: Haile Selassie, Appeal to the League of Nations -- Document 5: Manifesto of Umkhonto we Sizwe -- Document 6: British attitudes toward Mau Mau insurgents -- Document 7: Biafran Declaration of Independence, 1967 -- Document 8: Rwandan genocide -- Document 9: The Kagera War -- Document 10: First Congo War -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index.

"Anfang August der Militärputsch in Mauretanien, die anhaltende Krise in Simbabwe und das Verhalten des Baschir-Regimes im sudanesischen Darfur - nur einige Beispiele, die nahe zu legen scheinen, dass autoritäre Regime in Afrika wieder an Boden gewinnen. Ist auf dem Kontinent eine Renaissance autoritärer Herrschaft zu erwarten - möglicherweise unterstützt durch China? Mit der 'dritten Welle' der Demokratisierung war bis Ende der 1990er Jahre ein deutlicher Rückgang autoritärer Regime zu verzeichnen, der allerdings seither keine Fortsetzung findet. Die Form der autoritären Herrschaft hat sich stark verändert: Herrschten bis Anfang der 1990er Jahre Militärdiktaturen und Einparteiregime vor, so ist heute in Afrika der Typ des 'elektoralen Autoritarismus' dominant, in dem beschränkte Wahlen zugelassen sind. Allgemein können - neben den üblichen Repressionsinstrumenten - grob drei Stützen dieser Regime identifiziert werden: Ressourcenreichtum, 'Neopatrimonialismus' und eingeschränkter Mehrparteienwettbewerb. Die neue Strategie des eingeschränkten Parteienwettbewerbs trägt möglicherweise den Keim für Instabilität und weitere Demokratisierungsprozesse in sich - falls der wirtschaftliche Erfolg autoritärer Systeme ausbleibt. Chinas gewachsene Präsenz auf dem Kontinent wird voraussichtlich weniger Einfluss auf die politische Herrschaft in Afrika haben als vielfach erwartet: China sucht nicht den Export seines 'Modells', während die liberalen afrikanischen Demokratien ihren Einfluss geltend machen." (Autorenreferat)