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Do minority voters respond to co-racial or co-ethnic candidates? That is does the increased chance of substantive representation translate into increased participation? Here, we focus on this question among African American voters. While much of the empirical literature on this question has produced conflicting answers, recent studies suggest that minority candidates can significantly increase minority turnout. We argue that past work on this topic does not adequately account for the fact that minority voters in places with minority candidates may systematically differ in their level of participation than minority voters in places without minority candidates. In this study we address the weaknesses of previous research designs and offer a new design that exploits the redistricting process to gain additional leverage over this question. We find little evidence that African American voter turnout increases when voters are moved to African American candidates. We find some evidence that white voters, however, tend to vote at lower rates when they are represented by African American candidates.

An estimated 1,018,700 or 3.7 percent of African-American adults consider themselves lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT) and 34 percent of African-American same-sex couples are raising children. Currently, the estimated 84,000 African-American individuals in same-sex couples tend to live in areas where there are higher proportions of African-Americans. For example, a quarter of African-American same-sex couples live in Georgia, New York, North Carolina, and Maryland. The report finds overall higher unemployment rates (15 percent v. 12 percent) and lower proportions with a college degree (23 percent v. 26 percent) among LGBT African-Americans, when compared to their non-LGBT counterparts. However, these disadvantages are not present among African-Americans in same-sex couples. Twenty-five percent of African-Americans in same-sex couples have completed a college degree, compared to 22 percent of African-Americans in different-sex couples. In addition, 71 percent of African-Americans in same-sex couples are employed compared to 68 percent of their counterparts in different-sex couples. LGBT African-Americans are also less likely than their non-LGBT counterparts to have health insurance. African-American same-sex couples raising children, report household median incomes $15,000 lower than comparable African-American different-sex couples ($47,300 vs. $63,020). Female African-American same-sex couples, which comprise 58 percent of all African-American same-sex couples, earn over $20,000 less than male African-American same-sex couples. LGBT African-American females and African-American females in same-sex couples are three times more likely to report military service than their non-LGBT counterparts.

Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; List of Entries; Preface; Introduction; BIOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES; Anderson, James, Jr.; Anderson, Webster; Archer, Lee "Buddy," Jr.; Ashley, Eugene, Jr.; Austin, Oscar Palmer; Baker, Edward L., Jr.; Baker, Vernon; Barnes, William H.; Beaty, Powhatan; Bell, Dennis; Blake, Robert; Boyne, Thomas; Branch, Buddie; Brown, Jesse LeRoy; Brown, Roscoe C., Jr.; Bryant, William Maud; Bullard, Eugene Jacques; Bussey, Charles M.; Carney, William H.; Carter, Edward Allen, Jr.; Charlton, Cornelius; Cherry, Fred Vann; Corbin, Todd; Crecy, Warren G.H.

Meet the black Achievers who attained the American Dream-from the early years to modern times"This wonderful book should be required reading for young people, who will learn how some of the nation's most successful Black men and women became role models."-Joyce Ladner, Ph.D.Robert Sengstacke AbbottTyra BanksMatel "Mat" Dawson Jr.Joe L. Dudley Sr.Kenneth "Babyface" EdmondsS. B. FullerArthur George GastonEarl G. GravesEarvin "Magic" JohnsonJohn H. JohnsonRobert L. JohnsonQuincy JonesShelton "Spike" Jackson LeeWilliam Alexander LeidesdorffAbraham Lincoln LewisReginald Francis LewisAnnie Turnbo Ma

The African Americans explores this particular ethnic group, presenting a remarkable array of valuable information, including entertainment, work, education, and the contributions and conflicts of African Americans to society. This informative new volume details their social history, customs, and traditions and is enhanced by further reading lists, box features, black-and-white photographs, and more

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Notes on Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- I History and Context of African American Studies -- 2 Danny Glover: Memories from 1968 -- 3 Pedagogy and Decolonization: Historical Refl ections on Origins of Black Studies in the United States -- 4 Toward Radical Pan-African Pedagogy and Civic Education -- 5 The "Field and Function" of Africana Studies: Insights from the Life and Writings of W. E. B. Du Bois -- II African American Studies: Theories and Methodologies -- 6 African American Studies: Discourses and Paradigms -- 7 Afrocentricity and Africology: Theory and Practice in the Discipline -- 8 Revisiting White Privilege: Pedagogy in Black Studies -- 9 Social Science Research in Africana Studies: Ethical Protocols and Guidelines -- 10 Africana Studies and Oral History: A Critical Assessment -- III Social Responsibility, Service Learning and Activism -- 11 Africana Studies and Community Service: Using the STRENGTH Model -- 12 Africana Studies and Civic Engagement -- 13 Danny Glover and Manning Marable: Activism Through Art and Scholarship -- 14 Contemporary Women of the African Diaspora: Identity, Artistic Expression and Activism -- IV Selected Areas of Scholarship in the Discipline -- 15 He Wasn't Man Enough: Black Male Studies and the Ethnological Targeting of Black Men in Nineteenth-Century Suffragist Thought -- 16 Reading Black Through the Looking Glass: Decoding the Encoding in African Diasporic Literature -- 17 Diversity and Representations of Blackness in Comic Books -- 18 Black Athletes and the Problematic of Integration in Sport -- 19 African American Music: The Ties That Bind -- 20 Afrofuturism and the Question of Visual Reparations -- 21 The Black Studies Movement in Britain -- Index

This article presents African Americans' criticisms of how they are portrayed in daytime serials. In addition to desiring an increase in the numbers portrayed, critics condemned the whitewashing of African American characters and storylines and the lack of diverse roles. Because the findings support the existence of a racially separate world view, the author suggests that African American viewing practices should be analyzed within a framework of historical and contemporary black culture.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for English in the Continental U.S. -- 1 Talkin and Testifyin -- Introduction: My Subjectivities and Positionalities -- Name a Thing a Thing: About Definitions and Naming -- What to Expect -- Questions, Discussion, and Further Inquiry -- References -- Filmography -- Discography -- Digital Media -- 2 A Seat at the Table: What Are You Bringing to the Table Before We Even Get Started? -- Introduction: Real Talk -- Linguistic Prejudice -- Linguistic Shame and Denial -- Linguistic Pride and Acceptance -- Contradictions and All -- What You're Not Going to Do: Definitions, Naming, and Pet Peeves -- To HEL-or HEC-and Back: The Messiness of Having the Army and the Navy -- Questions, Discussion, and Further Inquiry -- References -- Filmography -- Discography -- Digital Media -- 3 "Put Some Respeck on My Name!": Language and Uses of Identity in African American Communities -- Introduction: How We Gon Play This? -- Who Do People Say That I Am? -- A Word on Ebonics -- What Does It Feel Like to Be a Problem? -- Say My Name! -- Questions, Discussion, and Further Inquiry -- References -- Filmography -- Digital Media -- 4 "Where Your People From?": Problematizing Origins and Development -- Introduction: Controversial History, Development, and Contested Origins -- The Deficit Hypothesis -- (Neo-)Anglicist and (Neo-)Creolist Origins Hypotheses -- Consensus Hypotheses: Substratist, Restructuralist, and Ecological -- The Divergence/Convergence Hypothesis -- My Conclusion: Periodt! -- Questions, Discussion, and Further Inquiry -- References -- Filmography -- Discography -- 5 What's Good?: A Concise Descriptivist Meta-Grammar of Language Use in African American Communities -- Introduction: We Bout to Ride Up on This Elephant.

This issue brief will discuss African American protest politics. It will describe the transition from popular mass movement to radicalism and nationalism, to participation in mainstream political culture.