Suchergebnisse

For more than two decades, 21st March has been canonised and celebrated among South Africans as Human Rights Day. Earmarked by the newly democratic and inclusive South Africa, it commemorates the Sharpeville and Langa massacres. As history recorded, on the 21st March 1960, residents of Sharpeville and subsequently, Langa embarked on a peaceful anti-pass campaign led by the African National Congress (ANC) breakaway party, the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). The pass (also known as dompas) was one of the most despised symbols of apartheid; a system declared internationally as a crime against humanity. In the post-apartheid era, it is expectedthat all South Africans enjoy and celebrate the full extent of their human rights. However, it appears that the envisaged rights are not equally enjoyed by all. This is because widening inequalities in the health-care system, in schooling, and in the lucrative sporting arena have not been amicably and irrevocably resolved. Furthermore, it is still the norm that the most vulnerable of South Africans, especially rural Africans, find it difficult, and sometimes, impossible to access adequate and even essential healthcare services. Central to the possible questions to emerge from this discourse are the following(i) What is the current state of South Africa's health system at the turn of 23 years of its majority rule? (ii) Why is the South African health system still unable to sufficiently deliver the socioeconomic health rights of most South African people? It is against this background that this article uses a critical discourse analysis approach in its broadest form to provide a nuanced Afrocentric assessment of South Africa's human rights record in the health sector since the year 1994. Data for this article is generated through the review of the cauldron of published and unpublished academic, official and popular literature.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Japan Rises/Negroes Cheer -- 2. Harlem, Addis Ababa— and Tokyo -- 3. Japan Establishes a Foothold in Black America -- 4. White Supremacy Loses "Face" -- 5. Pro- Tokyo Negroes Convicted and Imprisoned -- 6. Japanese Americans Interned, U.S. Negroes Next? -- 7. "Brown Americans" Fight "Brown Japanese" in the Pacific War? -- 8. Aftermath -- Notes -- Index -- About the Author

More than one hundred years ago African swine fever (ASF) was first diagnosed in Kenya. Since then, diverse approaches have been applied to the study of the causative virus, the sole member of the family Asfarviridae, aimed at characterising its properties, genome organisation and replication, its antigenic and biological properties as well as to develop treatment and a vaccine. The disease evolved and has persisted in Africa in a sylvatic cycle involving wild suids and soft ticks for a long time, but was introduced, usually through contaminated waste food, into other regions on multiple occasions since 1957. The most recent introduction, into Georgia in 2007, resulted in the spread of the disease to the European Union in 2014 and to the establishment of an international and multidisciplinary network of scientists funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) two years later. The network included a broad variety of scientific fields, animal health and food safety authorities, hunting associations, wildlife managers and food and livestock industries with the goal of increasing preparedness and attempting to stop ASF spread. This book represents the summary of the collective and integrated work of almost 300 dedicated participants in tackling the complex challenge posed by ASF. Here we summarise the state-of-the-art knowledge on this lethal disease, with a focus on the European situation, and identify areas that still need to be explored.

This thesis explores the functioning of branch politics within the African National Congress (ANC) and the influence of branch politics on the organization and its structures. The ANC has many of the characteristics of a mass party. In mass parties, mass participation is supposed to be promoted through the activities of party branches. This thesis documents the weakening of the ANC's local level structures and their political control over the organization's decisions. ANC branches are investigated as democratic vanguards of ANC's mass party persona, in relation to their functioning as the most basic units of the organization. The thesis reflects on branch members' experiences in different ANC branches to understand the interplay between branch politics, political power, and patronage politics within the ANC. This research project also explores the possibility of manipulation of ANC branches by senior leaders and would-be-leaders of the ANC. The thesis then concludes by summarising the state of branch politics within the ANC and giving recommendations on further study with regards to branch politics of the ANC. ; Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Political and International Studies, 2021

Examines African intellectual responses to the legacy of colonialism, the question of ethnicity versus nationalism, and the need to assess empirically the historical processes that led to the formation of independent states.

The number of HIV-AIDS cases among African American women (AAW) continues to rise. AAW currently account for about 65% of AIDS diagnoses among women in the United States. Furthermore, among AAW living with HIV-AIDS, heterosexual transmission remains the leading cause of HIV spread. Indeed, examining AAWs sex partner selection patterns will be a key step in understanding how to support HIV prevention for this population. A grounded-theory study was conducted to examine what factors influence AAW's alternation between monogamous and nonmonogamous sexual relationships. To explore this phenomenon, we recruited 14 urban AAW between the ages of 18 and 30 for interviews. The findings revealed that AAW's sex partner selection patterns in consensual sexual relationships were influenced by the "getting-to-know" process, the male's relationship preference, a woman's risk perception, and how the role of sex is defined. The results of this study can provide insights for future interventions seeking to curb HIV rates among AAW from urban communities.

AbstractIn the early months of 2020, news spread that a coronavirus (COVID‐19) had been detected in Wuhan, China. The virus quickly spread across the country and to other continents. As deaths mounted in the United States, evidence indicated that some states experienced a higher rate of COVID‐19 deaths than other states and that African American communities were hit harder by the virus than other racial groups. Hence, we pose two questions in this research: Are COVID‐19 deaths spread equally across different states and regions of the United States? Secondly, are African Americans more likely to die from COVID‐19 than other racial groups? Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and APM Research Lab, we show that some states witnessed significant loss of life due to the virus and that African Americans were more likely to die from the virus when compared with White residents.

Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man is a classic piece of American literature that details a young African-American man's journey of self-discovery. In addition to being a great piece of fiction, Invisible Man also offers an exacting critique of classic African-American political thought and traditional theories of how African-Americans should improve their status in US society. Invisible Man then goes on to establish a sophisticated theory on how best to gain equality for African-Americans. My study examines Invisible Man as a work of political theory, rather than a work of literature, in the context of traditional African-American political theorists. I studied Ellison's novel in relation to the works of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois and compared their differing views on race relations in America. My paper argues that Ellison intentionally discusses, and then rejects, the ideas of these theorists as a means of laying the foundation of his own philosophy of equality through self-realization, acceptance, and affirmation of the United States' democratic principles.

"The book examines the syncretic figure of the Memnon and slave across Hegel's lecture courses, the Phenomenology of Spirit, the Encyclopedia, and the Philosophy of Right, offering a new reading of his related theories of language and the aesthetic, mastery and servitude, and subjectivity and the state and calling for a reassessment of these concepts in African studies and other philosophically informed disciplines. This book will be of interest to scholars in philosophy, postcolonial and African studies, political theory, architecture, and historiography."--