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Objective. Although high levels of black‐white residential segregation have long been observed, relatively little is known about the residential patterns of black immigrants. This analysis examines the role of nativity and Hispanic ethnicity for the residential patterns of blacks in the United States.Methods. This article uses data from the 2000 Census to calculate dissimilarity indexes and conduct regression analyses.Results. We find differences in the extent of segregation of blacks from whites, with Hispanic blacks and non‐Hispanic black immigrants exhibiting higher levels of segregation from whites than U.S.‐born non‐Hispanic blacks.Conclusions. The strength of nativity and socioeconomic status provides some support for spatial assimilation theory. Metropolitan context also plays a role in explaining residential patterns: one reason foreign and Hispanic blacks are very segregated from whites is that they tend to reside in metropolitan areas where black‐white segregation has generally been high. Despite the role of these factors, race itself remains of great importance in explaining residential patterns, as segregation from whites is high among all black subgroups.

This article evaluates the military operation of the European Union in Chad and the Central African Republic in 2008-09. Despite a promising conceptual approach and close cooperation with the United Nations (UN), the operation created significant political problems between member states. It led to a split - France arguing that it carried too much of the burden and Germany and the United Kingdom sensing that they were sponsoring a pet project. When the UN failed to achieve its ambitious promises to establish a parallel presence and follow-on force, tensions arose with the UN as well. This type of operation is therefore unlikely to be repeated in the near future.

The paper examines factors which have led to the decline of Mozambique from the main source of labour for the South African gold mines to the first migrant-supplying State receiving a blanket repatriation order from the South African Government

THIS ARTICLE CONCENTRATES ON THE POSSIBILITY OF A SOUTH AFRICAN INITIATIVE BY THE WEST. IT IS STATED THAT PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS BY WESTERN AND BLACK AFRICAN STATES TO HELP BLACK AND WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS TO FIND SOLUTIONS PROVIDE THE WORLD WITH MANY POSSIBILITIES TO LEARN FROM PAST FAILURES. IT IS SHOWN THAT A HANDFUL OF GERMAN POLITICAIANS SHOWED A NEARLY UNIQUE SENSITIVITY IN DEALING WITH THE REPUBLIC'S PROBLEMS BUT THAT THEY DID NOT PREVAIL. AS A CONSEQUENCE BONN LOST ITS CREDIBILITY WITH BOTH BLACKS AND WHITES. THE FEAR IS EXPRESSED THAT BLACKS AND WHITES WILL HAVE TO BE TRAUMATISED BEFORE THEY WILL BE PREPARED TO MAKE A DEAL.

"In the context of a global biometric turn, this book investigates processes of legal identification in Africa "from below", asking what this means for the relationship between citizens and the state. Almost half of the population of the African continent was thought to lack a legal identity in 2018, and many states have seen biometric technology as a reliable and efficient solution to the problem. However, this book shows that biometrics, far from securing identities and avoiding fraud or political distrust, can even participate in reinforcing exclusion and polarizing debates on citizenship and national belonging. It highlights the social and political embedding of legal identities and the resilience of the documentary state. Drawing on empirical research conducted across 14 countries, the book documents the processes, practices and meanings of legal identification in Africa from the 1950s right up to the biometric boom. Beyond the classic opposition between surveillance and recognition, it demonstrates how analyzing the social uses of IDs and tools of identification can give a fresh account of the state at work, the practices of citizenship and the role of bureaucracy in the writing of the self in African societies. This book will be of an important reference for students and scholars of African studies, politics, human security and anthropology and the sociology of the state"--

The situation of African states as they enter the 1990s is generally considered to be desperate. Extreme weakness in a number of forms characterises their politics, while their economies are either stagnant or deteriorating. It is not clear what resources are relevant to solving these problems, nor how they will be acquired, although increased external assistance obviously will be needed.

1. Introduction: Nomad-State Relationships in International Relations -- 2. Nomads and States in Comparative Perspective -- 3. The Anti-Nomadic Bias of Political Theory -- 4. Before and After Borders: The Nomadic Challenge to Sovereign Territoriality -- 5. Standard of Civilization, Nomadism and Territoriality in Nineteenth Century International Society -- 6. Frontier Energetics: The Value of Pastoralist Border Crossings in Eastern Africa -- 7. Seeing the Nomads like a State: Sweden and the Sámi at the Turn of the Last Century -- 8. African Community-Based Conservancies: Innovative Governance for Whom? -- 9. In Limbo of Spatial Control, Rights and Recognitions: The Negev Bedouin and the State of Israel -- 10. Imperial Chinese Relations with Nomadic Groups -- 11. On Being Orang Suku Laut in the Malay World -- 12. From Gypsies to Romanies: Identity, Cultural Autonomy, Political Sovereignty and (the Search for a) Trans-territorial State -- 13. International Relations and Migration: Mobility as Norm rather than Exception.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Agricultural Cooperatives in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 1.3 Conceptual Framework -- 1.4 Data and Field Work -- 1.5 Organization of the Study -- 2 Spread -- 2.1 Submission, Separation and Integration (1896-1945) -- 2.2 Introduction of Agricultural Service Cooperatives in African Areas -- 2.3 Euphoria and Consolidation Policies (1963-72) -- 2.4 Supply Side Strategies and Penetration of Marginal Areas (1973-83) -- 3 Survival -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A Conceptual Note -- 3.3 Survival 1946-62 -- 3.4 Survival 1963-70 -- 3.5 Survival 1971-83 -- 4 Performance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Some Basic Features -- 4.3 Coffee -- 4.4 Cotton -- 4.5 Pyrethrum -- 4.6 Dairy -- 4.7 Other Marketing Activities -- 4.8 Unions -- 5 Impact -- 5.1 Scope of Participation -- 5.2 Source of Participation -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- 6.1 Summary -- 6.2 Conclusions -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Appendix 5 -- Notes and References -- Bibliography -- Index.

Following the food price crisis in 2008, African governments implemented policies aiming at crowding in investment in rice value chain upgrading to help domestic rice compete with imports. We assess the state of rice value chain upgrading in West Africa by reviewing evidence on rice millers' investment in semi-industrial and industrial milling technologies, contract farming and vertical integration during the post-crisis period 2009–2019. We find that upgrading is more dynamic in countries with high rice production and import bills and limited comparative advantage in demand. However, scaling of upgrading faces several challenges in terms of vertical coordination, technology, finance and policies. Our assessment can help value chain actors and policy makers refine upgrading strategies and policies to increase food security in West Africa.