Suchergebnisse

An attempt to describe the relationship of the white South African woman to the African, & to examine some aspects of the white woman's intrapsychic response. The description of the field of racial contact is confined to the intimacy of daily life, which implies contact with Africans in the role of servants. The soc situations involved are typically Ur. The care of white infants is frequently in the hands of African F's, who give them the physical contact, warmth, security & rhythmic movement that the white child often lacks from its own mother. Emotional dependence of the mother may produce deep feelings of inadequacy which are expressed as resentment. A double moral code based on the dual mother role begins very early; what the mother forbids in emotional display & bodily activities the `nanny' may permit or initiate. By the time the F child is of Sch-going age she has usually a well-developed ambivalence towards Africans. Personal relationships with Africans are usually repressed during adolescence. Children simply take for granted the essential material services of the servants. The relation of the housewife to her servants is extremely complex & involves the assumption of racial superiority side by side with parental projections, guilt towards a subject people, fear of an alien culture & dependence on African labor for the practical mechanics of living. A brief account of some of the common complaints illustrates the barrier of tensions between black & white adults in the intimacy of the home. Psychol'al consequences are discussed. The customs & habits of the South Africans lay great stress on the principle of duality; this duality is seen to correspond to the cultural & archaic levels of the human psyche. An undiff'iated African mother-complex remains buried in the unconscious & is lived in participation mystique with the African people. The adult F therefore consciously rejects & unconsciously identifies with the African mother-world. When a conflict situation comes to the surface, 'the way to healing is possible through the realization of E. Neumann's dictum that the conception of the unity of the archetypal feminine is one of woman's fundamental experiences.' E. Weiman.

An attempt to analyse new trends in fam relations in Mali & Guinea under new SE conditions. Legislation of the independent states is used to strenghten monogamy, limit marriage payments etc., (state measures being part of an emancipation of African women policy. Extreme demand for skilled labor in the developing countries preconditions emancipation. Comparative figures of female employment in some Soviet Republics (Azerbaijan, Turkmen, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tadjik, Kirghiz) are added to show eventual labor reserves. Materials of 1962 field-work are used.

The main aim of the social affairs section of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, in organising this workshop, was to analyse the economic aspects of the situation of women in African urban areas, and their importance in general economic development. Twenty-four women had been invited from as many African countries, representing the whole range of modern activities; 14 of them came, with another 10 representing the various regions of Nigeria, and more than 50 observers.

Emancipation of F's & equalization of their pol'al rights have been successful only in parts in the countries of the Middle East & North Africa. The condition of F's depends on the behavior of the M in the fam & on the fam's geographic location & cultural & econ level. Variations in these factors result in 2 basic types of diff'ially structured collectivities. Positive factors are current pol'al regimes abiding by equalitarian & reform principles, cultural progress, F's org's, & the struggle against illiteracy. Negative factors are customs or traditions, obscuratism, & ignorance. Gov'al measures taken vary according to whether the states are secular or Moslem & whether Moslem states follow the traditional or reformed version of Islam. Agrarian reform, industr'ization, & changes in mores will contribute to the growth of F's' equality, soc'ly & econ'ly as well as pol'ay. There is a clear trend toward a universal civilization in which F's will be called upon to play an effective role. HA.