Suchergebnisse

The Paper's goal is the identification of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) instruments as factors influencing environmental sustainable development of Polish agriculture. These instruments were assessed in the light of the way in which agricultural and environmental policies are projected and introduced. Direct payments - on one hand - contribute to intensification of agriculture (causing negative environmental externalities). On the other hand,- they are important factors of maintenance of extensive farms in other regions (enabling environmental services delivery). The environmental impact of the CAP is strictly associated with cross-compliance. However, Polish authorities did not implement many important standards (regarding water protection, biodiversity and soil conservation). The agri-environmental programme is a factor with a strong positive impact on sustainable development. However, in Poland, its effectiveness of its financing is relatively low - especially in comparison to the main groups of the EU member states. Other CAP instruments with potential positive influence on sustainable development (supporting the development of less favourite areas, afforestation programmes) were insufficiently directed to stimulate supply of environmental services.

Accession of the Central and Eastern European Countries is one of the biggest political projects for the European Union. As in all previous enlargements the agricultural chapter proves to be one of the most sensitive fields of the negotiations. This book examines the effects of enlargement on agricultural markets and government expenditure in the candidate countries as well as possible effects of different choices in the politically sensitive areas of direct payments and production quotas. The ten candidate countries have quite diverse economic and agricultural characteristics. Membership in the European Union, therefore, leads to varying macroeconomic effects. Two chapters specifically deal with these aspects and their effects on agriculture as well as likely country-specific developments in Hungary and in Slovenia. The quantitative tools developed and used for this analysis have also been more widely used by governments and institutions in analyses of questions related to enlargement. The book describes and documents these quantitative tools.

International audience ; Collective dynamics appear in many works and public policies as one of the preferred means of supporting agroecological transitions of the agricultural community. In our ongoing work, we will seek to: (i) understand the resources that support a professional transition of farmers and their performative effect on a more sustainable systems (ii) analyse the role of the collective and the experiences' sharing between peers in these processes (iii) support collectives in these transformations from a research-action perspective. We will be particularly interested in how the sharing of experiences in farmer's groups engages farmers in a dual process: one of redesigning their work system, the other of professional development. It provided insights on how the design process of a farmer is mediated by peers and identified some development signs ; Les dynamiques collectives apparaissent dans de nombreux travaux et programmes publics comme une des voies à privilégier dans l'accompagnement des transitions agroécologiques du monde agricole. Dans notre travail en cours, nous cherchons à : (i) comprendre les ressources mobilisées par les agriculteurs pour réussir une transition professionnelle et mettre en place des systèmes plus écologiques et solidaires, (ii) analyser le rôle du collectif et du partage d'expériences entre pairs dans ces processus, (iii) accompagner les collectifs dans ces transformations dans une perspective de recherche-action. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement à la façon dont le partage d'expériences dans un collectif de pairs soutient les agricultrices dans un double processus : l'un de reconception de leur système de travail, l'autre de développement professionnel. Cela nous a permis de rendre compte du processus de conception médié par les pairs ainsi que des traces de développement professionnelles des agricult•rices.

International audience ; Collective dynamics appear in many works and public policies as one of the preferred means of supporting agroecological transitions of the agricultural community. In our ongoing work, we will seek to: (i) understand the resources that support a professional transition of farmers and their performative effect on a more sustainable systems (ii) analyse the role of the collective and the experiences' sharing between peers in these processes (iii) support collectives in these transformations from a research-action perspective. We will be particularly interested in how the sharing of experiences in farmer's groups engages farmers in a dual process: one of redesigning their work system, the other of professional development. It provided insights on how the design process of a farmer is mediated by peers and identified some development signs ; Les dynamiques collectives apparaissent dans de nombreux travaux et programmes publics comme une des voies à privilégier dans l'accompagnement des transitions agroécologiques du monde agricole. Dans notre travail en cours, nous cherchons à : (i) comprendre les ressources mobilisées par les agriculteurs pour réussir une transition professionnelle et mettre en place des systèmes plus écologiques et solidaires, (ii) analyser le rôle du collectif et du partage d'expériences entre pairs dans ces processus, (iii) accompagner les collectifs dans ces transformations dans une perspective de recherche-action. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement à la façon dont le partage d'expériences dans un collectif de pairs soutient les agricultrices dans un double processus : l'un de reconception de leur système de travail, l'autre de développement professionnel. Cela nous a permis de rendre compte du processus de conception médié par les pairs ainsi que des traces de développement professionnelles des agricult•rices.

Global climate change is a natural process that currently appears to be strongly influenced by human activities, which increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), in particular carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Agriculture contributes about 20% of the world's global radiation forcing from CO2, CH4 and N2O, and produces 50% of the CH4 and 70% of the N2O of the human-induced emission. Interest is increasing among land managers, policy makers, GHG emitting entities, and carbon (C) brokers in using agricultural lands to sequester C and reduce GHG emission. Precise information is lacking, however, on how specific management practices in different regions of the world impact soil C sequestration and the mitigation of GHG emission. In 2002, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) developed a coordinated national research effort called GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) to provide information on the soil C status and GHG emission of current agricultural practices, and to develop new management practices to reduce net GHG emission and increase soil C sequestration primarily from soil management. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet project in over 30 ARS locations throughout the US and in numerous peer-reviewed articles. Although GRACEnet is an ARS project, contributors to this work include a variety of backgrounds and reported findings have important international applications. For example, many parts of the world possess similar ecoregions to the U.S. (e.g., northern Great Plains is similar to the Argentina Pampas and Ukraine Steppe). Such similarities expand the appeal of this exciting new volume to a wide international readership. Frames responses to challenges associated with climate change within the geographical domain of the U.S., while providing a useful model for researchers in the many parts of the world that possess similar ecoregions Covers not only soil C dynamics but also nitrous oxide and methane flux, filling a void in the existing literature Educates scientists and technical service providers conducting greenhouse gas research, industry, and regulators in their agricultural research by addressing the issues of GHG emissions and ways to reduce these emissionsSynthesizes the data from top experts in the world into clear recommendations and expectations for improvements in the agricult ...