Suchergebnisse

In the article the methodological approaches to forming the economic mechanism for sustainable development of Ukraine's agricultural in the conditions of integration. It is defined the main challenges of European integration at this stage of the global economy such as the unequal relationship between the subjects of the world economy; problems of creation of "the most favorable" political regime and effective global governance; the failure of the entire system of governance to adapt to new economic conditions. It is noted that in the present conditions of democratic mechanisms and management processes at both the national and global levels need to be improved. It is proved that sustainable development is a civilization conservation project, which requires rethinking the foundations of existence and transformation of structural and institutional foundations.It is proved that countries policy in solving international problems of sustainable development should be established on the basis of national interests, the real capacity of the state to meet international commitments and critical attitude to the concept of sustainable development, as well as directions and means of implementation globally.The path to sustainable development of agricultural production and building its economic mechanism should be based on the principles of a systematic approach to the establishment of institutions, taking into account the critical trends of functioning of the national economy and the European integration trends.It is focused that the economic sustainable development of agriculture of Ukraine cannot be achieved without building innovation-investment model, which should take into account national security requirements including food and requirements for standardization of production and management systems based on existing international standards and norms. Resolving the institutional problems of agricultural production for building the sustainable economic mechanism of agrarian sector of Ukraine at the present stage from a methodological point of view is the most important problem. It is necessary to increase the efficiency of the management of the agricultural sector and improve its regulation, to intensify the development of cooperation and integration and improve land relations to increase quality of life. ; Определены основные вызовы, которые необходимо учитывать при разработки экономического механизма устойчивого развития аграрного сектора економики, в частности конфронтационные тенденции, главной из которых является неравномерность взаимоотношений между субъектами мирового хозяйства; проблемы создания "наиболее благоприятного" политического режима и эффективного глобального управления; неспособность всей системы организации власти адаптироваться к новым условиям хозяйствования. Предложены методологические подходы к созданию такого механизма. ; Взначено основні євроінтеграційні виклики, які необхідно враховувати в період побудови економічного механізму сталого розвитку аграрного сектору економіки, зокрема конфронтаційні тенденції, головною з яких є нерівноправність взаємовідносин між суб'єктами світового господарства; проблеми створення "найсприятливішого" політичного режиму та ефективного глобального управління; нездатність всієї системи організації влади адаптуватися до нових умов господарювання. Запропоновано методологічні підходи до побудови такого механізму.

"Seit einem im Jahre 1999 ergangenen Gerichtsurteil des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für
Menschenrechte (EGMR) zur Zwangsmitgliedschaft in französischen Jagdvereinen und der
im Jahre 2002 angekündigten Novellierung des Bundesjagdgesetzes, gibt es in Deutschland
eine rege juristische und politische Debatte um die Aufhebung der Pflichtmitgliedschaft
einzelner Grundeigentümer in Jagdgenossenschaften. Alle Eigentümer von land-, forst- oder
fischereiwirtschaftlich nutzbaren Flächen unter 75 ha sind in Deutschland zur Mitgliedschaft
in gemeinschaftlichen Jagdbezirken, sog. Jagdgenossenschaften, zwangsverpflichtet. Der
vorliegende Beitrag erweitert die bisherige juristische und politische Debatte um eine
institutionenökonomische Perspektive. Dabei werden die Auswirkungen einer Aufhebung der
Zwangsmitgliedschaft auf (1) die Jagdgenossenschaft selbst, (2) die Transaktionskosten des
Wildtiermanagements, (3) die Wildtierpoulation sowie (4) die Verteilung von Kosten und
Nutzen auf unterschiedliche Akteurgruppen analysiert. Die Analyse kommt zu dem Schluss,
dass Zwang im Fall von Wildtiermanagement aus ökonomischen Gründen durchaus
gerechtfertigt sein kann, solange die Kostenvorteile der Zwangsmitgliedschaft die
Nutzenverluste jagdablehnender Grundeigentümer überwiegen. Angesichts einer
zunehmenden Heterogenität der Nutzungsinteressen an Wildtieren, stehen
Jagdgenossenschaften jedoch vor der Herausforderung, neue Mechanismen des
Interessenausgleichs und der Konfliktregulierung zu entwickeln." (Autorenrefererat)

"Sustainable Water Resource Development and Management is a comprehensive volume on this important topic. It broadly covers the sources, availability, demand, and supply of water and its uses in irrigation and crop production in agriculture. It then delves into many specific aspects of water resource development and management, including irrigation creation and utilization, water storage efficiency, conveyance efficiency, distribution efficiency, and application efficiency, the role of water in plant systems and soil-water-plant relationships, estimating the water need for irrigation along with management strategies, water quality in agriculture as well as the impact of water quality on human health, water pricing, wetland management and water productivity, water pollution in agriculture and water contamination in urban and rural areas. Examples and case studies are included to illustrate and reinforce the text, such as reviews of river linking projects, adopted water management technologies for agricultural farms, important irrigation projects (both minor and major), and more. Written by two eminent researchers and scientists in agricultural water management, this informative volume is designed for students of agriculture, researchers, policymakers, and teachers engaged in the field of water management."--

M.A.(Melit.) ; The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a partnership between farmers and the EU. The CAP aims to support farmers, ensure that products remain affordable, and improve agricultural productivity. The CAP also aims to address climate change and preserve rural areas. The CAP is organized into the first pillar and second pillar and these pillars are funded by the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) respectively. The first pillar includes direct payments and market measures while the second pillar covers the rural development policy. This study puts to the foreground the two different application processes for EAGF and EAFRD funds. In order to obtain in-depth information about these application processes and payment claims, semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were held. Interviews were conducted with eleven farmers who receive the annual basic payment and who have applied at least once for EAFRD funds. In these interviews, the farmers explained their personal experiences and opinions about the process for EU Funds. Interviews were also carried out with the Director-General of the Agriculture and Rural Payment Agency (ARPA) and the Chief Coordinator of the Rural Development Programme (RDP). This study established that for the direct payments, the farmers receive a pre-filled application sent by ARPA and all they need to do is verify that the information is correct, sign it and hand it over to ARPA. For all the interviewed farmers this procedure is straightforward. On the other hand, for the EAFRD funds, calls for different sub-measures are regularly issued by the Managing Authority. Unlike the direct payment process, farmers claimed that the application procedure for funds from the 2nd Pillar is intricate. In fact, all farmers had to hire a consultant to fill their applications. Based on the information collected, in its conclusion the study lists a set of recommendations that policymakers can implement to simplify and improve the application procedures for the farming community. ; N/A

The objective of the article is to investigate the rural context of Colombia and, from that, analyze how rural normal schools were created in Cundinamarca, what were the training models used, and the decrees and laws that marked education between the years of 1950 to 1970. To know the context and the Colombian educational transformations, the text finds foundations in the Rural Mission of the National Planning Department of Colombia and the memories of the ministers of Education. The memoirs were written during the years of government and in them we can identify different aspects, among them: the emergence of rural schools, the training models of those schools and how teachers were trained; This allows us to proceed to an exact analysis considering changes, advances, setbacks and problems in the Colombian education model, as well as economic, political, social and cultural factors that influenced rural education in that period. We highlight that the training of rural teachers from Cundinamarca was related to sociocultural contexts, their experience and institutional changes, which later became essential aspects for the process of education, orientation and training of the same. ; El objetivo del artículo es investigar el contexto rural de Colombia y, a partir de eso, analizar cómo fueron creadas las escuelas normales rurales en Cundinamarca, cuáles fueron los modelos de formación utilizados, y los decretos y leyes que marcaron la educación entre los años de 1950 a 1970. Para conocer el contexto y las transformaciones educacionales colombianas, el texto encuentra fundamentos en la Misión Rural del Departamento Nacional de Planeación de Colombia y las memorias de los ministros de Educación. Las memorias eran escritas durante los años de gobierno y en ellas podemos identificar diferentes aspectos, entre ellos: el surgimiento de las escuelas rurales, los modelos formativos de esas escuelas y como fueron instruidas las profesoras para ejercer; eso nos permite proceder a un análisis exacto considerando algunos avances, retrocesos y problemáticas en el modelo de educación colombiano, bien como factores económicos, políticos, sociales y culturales que influenciaron la educación rural en ese periodo. Destacamos que la formación de profesoras rurales cundinamarquesas se encontraba relacionada con los contextos socioculturales, su experiencia y las reformas institucionales, que luego se convirtieron en aspectos esenciales para el proceso de formación, orientación y capacitación de ellas.

O artigo analisa as pesquisas científicas realizadas no Instituto Agronômico do Norte (IAN), instituição criada pela política desenvolvimentista do governo brasileiro para a utilização agrícola da Amazônia nas décadas de 1940 e 1950. Discutimos especialmente as pesquisas relacionadas à chamada "teoria do ecossistema florestal", desenvolvida pelo limnologista alemão Harald Sioli na instituição. A teoria orientou a agenda de pesquisa do IAN naquelas décadas: policultura, construção de canais de colmatagem no rio Amazonas, aproveitamento de áreas de várzea para a produção de alimentos, e o desenvolvimento da bubalinocultura nas terras firmes da região. O IAN projetava a Amazônia como celeiro do mundo e solução para a fome planetária. O principal instrumento dessa transformação seria o conhecimento de sua ecologia. ; This article addresses scientific research conducted at the Agronomic Institute of the North (IAN), an institution created under the Brazilian government's developmentalist policy to promote the agricultural use of the Amazon in the 1940s and 1950s. We place special emphasis on the research related to the so-called "forest ecosystem theory", developed at the institute by the German limnologist Harald Sioli, which guided the following institutional research agenda during those decades: polyculture, the excavation of siltation channels along the Amazon river, the cultivation of food crops, and the buffalo ranching. The IAN projected the Amazon to be the breadbasket of the world and a solution to world hunger. The main instrument of this transformation would be the knowledge of its ecology.

Version Ebook. Existe également en ouvrage papier aux Editions Cardère ; National audience ; The first dairy cows were introduced in the district of Ba Vì by French colonists in the 1920s. From 1960 and during the collectivist period, milk production was concentrated in a large dairy State Farm raising around 1000 cows. In the early 1990s, the dairy animals and the land were confined to a hundred family farms who embarked on dairying. Today, this production has been spreading gradually in 3 communes of the district. The majority of those farms are pretty small-scale, with an average of six cows/ farm kept in stables. The feeding system is based on the intensive cultivation of elephant grass (Pennisetum pupureum) and winter maize. Milk is collected by private collectors and delivered to a limited number of dairy processing units. Some of these dairies have been supported by public authorities, including by the use of a certified trade-mark "Cow milk from Ba Vì". Small dairy shops are also involved in the milk processing and marketing. In 2012, the Ba Vì dairy-shed experienced a major innovation: the establishment of an industrial dairy farm of 350 cows. The future prospects of this small-scale territory are discussed in the present chapter, between industrial logic and support to the peasantry. ; Les premières vaches laitières furent introduites dans le district de Ba Vì par des colons français dans les années 1920. À partir des années 1960 et pendant toute la période collectiviste, la production laitière fut concentrée au sein d'une ferme d'État d'environ 1 000 vaches. Au début des années 1990, les animaux et les terres furent confiées à une centaine d'exploitations familiales qui se lancèrent dans l'élevage laitier. Aujourd'hui, cette production a progressivement diffusé dans plusieurs communes du district. La majorité des exploitations sont de très petite taille, avec une moyenne de six vaches élevées en stabulation. L'affouragement est permis par la culture intensive de l'herbe à éléphant (Pennisetum pupureum) et du maïs. Le lait est collecté par plusieurs laiteries et réseaux de collecteurs privés. Certaines de ces laiteries sont soutenues par les autorités publiques, notamment par l'octroi d'une marque de certification « Lait de Ba Vì ». Des petites boutiques artisanales participent aussi à l'offre de débouchés pour les éleveurs. En 2012, le bassin laitier de Ba Vì a connu une innovation majeure : l'implantation d'une ferme laitière industrielle de 350 vaches. Les perspectives d'avenir de ce bassin laitier sont discutées, entre logiques industrielles et soutien à la paysannerie.

Version Ebook. Existe également en ouvrage papier aux Editions Cardère ; National audience ; The first dairy cows were introduced in the district of Ba Vì by French colonists in the 1920s. From 1960 and during the collectivist period, milk production was concentrated in a large dairy State Farm raising around 1000 cows. In the early 1990s, the dairy animals and the land were confined to a hundred family farms who embarked on dairying. Today, this production has been spreading gradually in 3 communes of the district. The majority of those farms are pretty small-scale, with an average of six cows/ farm kept in stables. The feeding system is based on the intensive cultivation of elephant grass (Pennisetum pupureum) and winter maize. Milk is collected by private collectors and delivered to a limited number of dairy processing units. Some of these dairies have been supported by public authorities, including by the use of a certified trade-mark "Cow milk from Ba Vì". Small dairy shops are also involved in the milk processing and marketing. In 2012, the Ba Vì dairy-shed experienced a major innovation: the establishment of an industrial dairy farm of 350 cows. The future prospects of this small-scale territory are discussed in the present chapter, between industrial logic and support to the peasantry. ; Les premières vaches laitières furent introduites dans le district de Ba Vì par des colons français dans les années 1920. À partir des années 1960 et pendant toute la période collectiviste, la production laitière fut concentrée au sein d'une ferme d'État d'environ 1 000 vaches. Au début des années 1990, les animaux et les terres furent confiées à une centaine d'exploitations familiales qui se lancèrent dans l'élevage laitier. Aujourd'hui, cette production a progressivement diffusé dans plusieurs communes du district. La majorité des exploitations sont de très petite taille, avec une moyenne de six vaches élevées en stabulation. L'affouragement est permis par la culture intensive de l'herbe à éléphant (Pennisetum ...

In October 2005 the seasonal wave of Al outbreaks hit Vietnam several weeks earlier than expected, raising fears of an evolution of the disease towards more deadly forms. In this emergency context the government of Vietnam, the UN and several donors, have launched the "Joint Government-UN Program for the Fight Against AI - Emergency Phase". Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) was identified as one of the most crucial components in the implementation of the emergency phase. UNICEF, thanks to its long experience in the field, was nominated as lead agency for the component. Approached as a crosscutting theme, an IEC working group gathering representatives from both technical agencies and main stakeholders was established. The first initiative of the group was to prepare a nationwide information campaign to provide the public with essential information on the occasion of the Lunar New Year or Tet celebrations when chicken transport, handling and consumption all increase dramatically. Considering that the Joint Program was launched in mid-November and that the Tet festival was starting end of January, the time constraint was the factor that deeply influenced the process. For this reason, it was agreed that the selection of target behaviours and messages would not be carried out after a formal KAP assessment but would be based on the experience of the technical agencies and of their counterparts. The material was developed among the IEC group members in a participatory fashion. Experts in disease prevention and in communication joined together in several sessions, hosted by the CHE (Center for Health Education) under the Ministry of Health, which was nominated by UNICEF as their counterpart. The parallel work of the two teams of experts permitted the completion of the preparation in a few weeks and the launch the "Pre-TET-IEC Campaign". The objective of the campaign was to promote four key preventive actions related to poultry management and handling that would minimise the risk of human infection by Al.

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing agricultural use of water within the Southern Rio Grande River Basin. A case study approach was used and study areas included arid to semi-arid climatic regions in both Texas and Mexico such as Quemado, Texas in Maverick County, and three Coahuila, Mexico agricultural communities: Santa Maria, Madero del Rio, and Purisima in Piedras Negras municipos. Interviews of producers were conducted by the primary investigator. Qualitative analysis of responses included tallying and classifying data collected to create themes. Ideas collected contribute to understanding the implementation of water conservation practices in this region. Results showed that while these communities were practicing some water conservation methods, irrigation-related conservation seemed to be limited, perhaps due to the public nature of water in Mexico. Increased governmental incentives, education and research could help to make agriculture along the Rio Grande more efficient and sustainable in terms of irrigation.

Growing population, poor management of land and water resources, and increased exposure to extreme climatic events have left a large number of people vulnerable to floods. Floods lead to widespread destruction and human tragedy, severely impacting infrastructure, agriculture and ecosystems. Agricultural communities are subjected to severe economic pressure from flood-induced losses. However, over the last few decades, evidence has emerged that a broader approach through planning, building regulation and early warning systems can significantly reduce flood losses. Index- based flood insurance (IBFI) is one such solution that is both cost-effective and can better target post- disaster relief to compensate agricultural losses. The event was coordinated by Dr. Giriraj Amarnath (Sub Theme Leader: Water-related Disaster and Risk Management of IWMI) and the workshop was inaugurated by Sh. Anil Sinha (Senior Advisor & Mentor, Hazard Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation and former VC, BSDMA), and opening remarks from Mr. Jeremy Bird (Director General of IWMI), Dr. L S Rathore, (former DG, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)), and Dr. Alok Sikka (IWMI India Representative), who gave the welcome remarks. Participants from government bodies, agricultural banks, public and private insurance companies involved in the workshop to exchange ideas and expertise on development of Business model for Index-Based Flood Insurance (IBFI). Experts attended the workshop from multiple organizations including National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), NABARD, UN-ESCAP (New Delhi), Agriculture Insurance Company of India (AIC), CCAFS, CDOT, Bajaj Allianz, ICICI Lombard, HDFC ERGO, Royal Sundaram General Insurance, Skymet Weather Service Pvt. Ltd. and others. The objective of the workshop is to present the progress of the IBFI business model and discussion about improving the value-chain process in index insurance and way forward in implementation of the product in 2017 monsoon season in Bihar. To briefly discuss existing business modeling approaches and the case studies and obtain feedback from participants, three presentations (presented by Dr. Giriraj Amaranth of IWMI, Dr. Ravinder Malik of IWMI and Dr. Avinandan Taron of IWMI) were presented respectively on Project progress, IBFI Business Model and Economic analysis and Business model implementation in Indian Scenario. During the workshop, group discussions were supported by broad communications between participants from government bodies, private insurers, public and private banks and others.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 The need for agribusiness -- Introduction: what is agribusiness? -- The development of agriculture -- Yield growth, varietal improvements and the effects of the Green Revolution -- Agribusiness matters because food matters -- Agricultural production: sub-sectors -- Amongst the major staples -- International distribution of production and consumption of major agricultural commodities -- Agriculture and the environment in a time of climate change -- Climate change and water use -- The politics of environmental control at national level -- Meteorology and climatology -- Commercial farming and agribusiness operations -- What drives commodity volatility? -- International agribusiness organisations -- Conclusion -- Note -- Bibliography -- 2 Agricultural economics -- Introduction: resources, scarcity, economic policy and systems -- Microeconomic analysis -- Supply and demand curves -- The demand for food -- Increasing affluence: dietary change -- Modelling food demand - an example -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 3 International agricultural trade -- Introduction: a need for change in approach -- Size and scope of international agricultural trade -- Trade structure -- Value-added agribusiness trade versus bulk commodities -- Price determination in international agricultural markets -- Trade constraints and issues (export/import quotas, tariffs, phytosanitary issues) -- Licences, export quotas, exchange controls, payment and transfer risk -- Documentary issues and contracts -- Types of documents (title, bills of lading, bankers' acceptances, charters, receipts, bills) -- Full freight forward, free alongside ship and other transport arrangements and terms -- Examples of contracts and issues between the parties.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Revitalizing the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria: Implications for Root and Tuber Crops Value Chains and Contribution to Health Care -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Root and Tuber Crops in Nigerians' Economy and Diet -- Agriculture and Human Sustenance- The Socioeconomic Viewpoint -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- An Investigation of the Impact of the Military Crisis in Ukraine on Agricultural Production and Land Resources in Crisis Territories: Approaches, Algorithms, and Methods -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Conflict Case Study -- Methodology -- Data Analysis: Big Data Classification and Regularization and Optimization Approaches to Multi-Source Data -- A Model of the Population Dynamics in Conflict-Hit Areas -- Assessing Population Dynamics in the Crisis-Hit Area Using Multi-Source Data -- The Population Assessment Stochastic Approach in Rural Areas Using Multi-Source Data -- A Stochastic Approach to Population Assessment in Urban Areas Using Multi-Source Data -- Satellite Observations for Population Dynamics Control -- Economic Dynamics in the Crisis-Hit Area Using Multi-Source Data: Agricultural Production Assessment Tools -- Markov's Chain Modelling of Satellite Data to Analyze Changes in Land-Use Structure -- An Analysis of Land-Use Efficiency and Crop Structure Dynamics Using Satellite Data -- An Assessment of Variations in Economic Activity Based on Satellite Data Integration into a Multi-Source Data Analysis Approach -- Approaches to Cartographic Modeling for the Assessment and Mapping of the Appraisal and Economic Assessments of Agricultural Land -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- The Role of Agriculture for the Integration of Migrants: The Italian Case -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Emigration and Socio-Economic Development

Sidoarjo Regency is a fertile agricultural area as a food granary, maintaining advanced agriculture to be food self-sufficiency. However, the area of technical rice fields and rice production in Sidoarjo Regency from 2015 to 2017 had decreased. This is a challenge for sustainability to achieve food security. Thus, the formulation of the problem in this study was regarding the factors causing the ineffectiveness of Special Efforts (in Indonesian Upaya Khusus, abbreviated as UPSUS) for increasing rice production in Sidoarjo Regency. This study is a descriptive study that employed a qualitative approach. Thus, the data were collected through in-depth interviews technique on the informants from the Sidoarjo Regency Agriculture and Food Security Office and the Head of Farmer Association who came from Tarik, Jabon, Sedati, and Waru sub-districts. The data then were analyzed using an interactive analysis of Miles and Huberman. The results of this study explain that the factors that support the implementation of UPSUS policy in Sidoarjo Regency included the availability of agricultural officers/ extension officers in the field for UPSUS assistance, the carrying capacity of government both at village and sub-district level to UPSUS program, farmer's association that had been formed well as one of the supporting factors, technical irrigation support in Sidoarjo, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure both in the form of assistance and in the form of supply such as seeds, agricultural machine, and pest poison.