Suchergebnisse

The thesis addresses three empirical topics in health and labour economics of interest to public policies.The first paper analyses the effect on health-related absences of the introduction and then removal of a one day waiting-period experienced in the French civil service in 2012 and 2013. There are fewer short-term absences and more long-term absences but the total prevalence of health-related absences remains unchanged.The second article evaluates the influence of financial incentives on hospitals' medical decisions, through the evaluation of a French pricing policy that aims to increase the proportion of surgical stays of only 1 day. This policy was concomitant with a policy of prior agreement, with the same aim, but with a slightly different scope. Effects are mainly obtained at the launch of the two policies, especially in the public sector.The third article analyses the possible impacts of commuting time on sick leave and presenteeism among French employees. I do not find evidence of such impacts, but show that commuting time can affect women's self-assessed health and psychological well-being. ; La thèse traite de trois sujets empiriques en économie de la santé et du travail intéressant les politiques publiques.Le premier article analyse l'effet sur les absences pour raison de santé de la mise en place puis de la suppression d'un jour de carence, expérimenté dans la fonction publique française en 2012 et en 2013. Il y a moins d'absences courtes et plus d'absences longues, mais la prévalence totale des absences reste inchangée.Le second article évalue l'influence des incitations financières sur les décisions médicales des hôpitaux, par le biais de l'évaluation d'une politique tarifaire française qui a pour objectif d'augmenter la proportion de séjours en chirurgie durant seulement 1 jour. Cette politique était concomitante d'une politique de mise sous accord préalable, au même objectif, mais portant sur un champ légèrement différent. Des effets sont surtout obtenus au lancement des deux politiques, en ...

This phd thesis analyzes local public action regarding reception in Palermo (Sicily, Italy) through the prism of the trajectories of exiles between 2017 and 2020. On the one hand, it analyses the way in which the reception and the experience of migration in Palermo has contributed to a new local political register around the "welcoming city" project and, on the other hand, the way in which this position of urban public action was able to influence and find its way into the trajectories of the exiles met. Mediterranean crossroads, and, since 2015, the main places of arrival in Europe from the African continent, Sicily and Palermo have witnessed the dynamics of controls and political wars in the Mediterranean, reflecting the tense international and European context on migration issues. During this period, the European metropolises seized on the political crisis in order to position themselves, vis-à-vis the Nation-States and between them. For many municipalities, the social emergency of accommodation and reception of arriving people hase become a political argument: the issue of cosmopolitanism and multiculturalism has been reinvested and enriched with new local meanings. The city networks have served as a means of circulation to challenge national models of reception and integration. In this context, between local particularities and circulation of models, the Palermo's experience of hospitality tells of a complex neomunicipalism rich in contradictions. It is analysed in this research by crossing local history with migratory, urban and social experiences of people exiled in Palermo ; Cette thèse analyse l'action publique locale en matière d'accueil à Palerme (Sicile, Italie) par le prisme des trajectoires d'exilés entre 2017 et 2020. Elle analyse d'une part la manière dont l'accueil et l'expérience migratoire à Palerme ont permis d'alimenter un nouveau registre politique local autour du projet de « ville accueillante » et d'autre part la façon dont cette position de l'action publique urbaine a pu influencer et se ...

At the core of this investigation is the analysis of regional economic resilience performance in response to economic shocks. Following a discussion on the origins and theory behind the concept of economic resilience, a novel methodology to measure regional economic resilience is proposed. This approach is based on two dimensions: the recovery of the development level and the retention of the post-shock growth trajectory. This methodology is used in a large-N analysis of the NUTS 3 regions in the EU15 countries for a timeseries from 1988-2018. The resulting measurements are subsequently used in an explorative quantitative analysis of diverse approaches and hypotheses on the explanatory factors of regional resilience performance. The results of this investigation are then put into the context of the theoretical discussion. Thereby conclusions are drawn with regards to future research, the value of different approaches to resilience, and potential policy implications. ; L'analyse de la performance de la résilience économique régionale en réponse aux chocs économiques est au cœur de cette analyse. Après une discussion sur le concept de résilience, une nouvelle méthodologie pour mesurer la résilience économique régionale est proposée. Cette approche est basée sur deux dimensions : le rétablissement du niveau de développement et le maintien de la trajectoire de croissance post-choc. Cette méthodologie est utilisée dans une analyse des régions des pays de l'UE15 allant de 1988 à 2018. Les mesures obtenues sont ensuite utilisées dans une analyse quantitative exploratoire de diverses approches et hypothèses sur les facteurs explicatifs de la performance de résilience régionale. Les résultats de l'analyse sont ensuite placés dans le contexte de la discussion théorique. Des conclusions sont ainsi tirées en ce qui concerne les recherches futures, la valeur des différentes approches de la résilience et les implications politiques potentielles.

The aim of the project is to evaluate a glottopolitic intervention about valorisation and preservation of occitan culture that mobilizes region, cities councils and civil society: the calandretas schools. Born in Pau in 1979, they are associative and laic schools which teach occitan language in an immersive way and following Freinet's pedagogical concepts. By a global approach of the subject, the study will try to evaluate the impact of the calandretas schools, as a bottom-up language policy on the revitalization of the occitan language and the occitan culture: in the uses, the representations of the people directly involved but also on the social agents and the population in general. The study will take place in three cities of Occitanie. Pyrénées-Méditerranée region : Béziers, Pamiers and Carcassonne. Those three cities have been hosting a Calandreta schools for more than 20 years, they have a steady population and a dynamic associative occitan network. With a critical approach, we aim to analyse the social stakes raised by this kind of glottopolitic action in the context of revitalisation of "languages in danger".The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the description of the methodological frame and the fieldwork of our investigation. In the second part, we analyse the patrimonialisation of Occitan culture as an anthropological process involved in the transmission of a cultural practice, a social construct and a historicized discourses about languages. We also point out the link between the concept of patrimonialisation and other concept circulating in the field of sociolinguistic: normalisation and revitalization. Finally, we focus on the actualisation of patrimonialisation discourses among the actors of language policy of Occitan. The third part of this work is about the appropriation of the Calandreta's action by the agents of language policies in three medium-sized cities of Occitanie Region in the patrimonial context described int the second part. Through the analyse of institutional or press ...

Within the genus Centaurea L., polyploidy is very common, and it is believed that, as to all angiosperms, it was key in the history of its diversification and evolution. Centaurea tentudaica is a hexaploid from subsect. Chamaecyanus of unknown origin. In this study, we examined the possible autopolyploid or allopolyploid origin using allozymes and sequences of three molecular markers: nuclear-ribosomic region ETS, and low-copy genes AGT1 and PgiC. We also included three species geographically and morphologically close to C. tentudaica: C. amblensis, C. galianoi, and C. ornata. Neighbor-Net and Bayesian analyses show a close relationship between C. amblensis and C. tentudaica and no relationship to any of the other species, which suggest that C. tentudaica is an autopolyploid of C. amblensis. Allozyme banding pattern also supports the autopolyploidy hypothesis and shows high levels of genetic diversity in the polyploid, which could suggest multiple origins by recurrent crosses of tetraploid and diploid cytotypes of C. amblensis. Environmental niche modeling was used to analyze the distribution of the possible parental species during the present, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Last Interglacial Period (LIG), and Penultimate Glacial Maximum (PGM) environmental conditions. Supporting the molecular suggestions that C. tentudaica originated from C. amblensis, environmental niche modeling confirms that past distribution of C. amblensis overlapped with the distribution of C. tentudaica. ; This research was funded by the Catalan government ("Ajuts a grups consolidats" 2017-SGR1116). ; Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Sampling Strategy and Markers 2.2. DNA Amplification, Cloning, and Sequencing 2.3. Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analyses 2.4. Allozyme Extraction and Analyses 2.5. Ecological Niche Modeling 3. Results 3.1. ETS Region 3.2. Low-copy Genes AGT1 and PgiC 3.3. Allozymes 3.4. Ecological Niche Modeling 4. Discussion 4.1. Relative Utility of ETS, AGT1, and PgiC in Disentangling the Origin of Centaurea tentudaica 4.2. The Origin of Centaurea tentudaica 5. Conclusions

There is a wide differentiation in the level of female entrepreneurship across European Union countries. The literature emphasises the importance of various intrinsic (i.e. education, experience, human capital, access to capital resources) and extrinsic (i.e. influencing the level of entrepreneurship) factors. The purpose of this article is to empirically analyse the relationship between the level of female self-employment and the economic and social determinants of female labour force participation for 19 EU member states. This article uses panel data techniques to empirically analyse the relationship between the female self-employment and the following: gross domestic product per capita, female unemployment rate, total fertility rate, crude marriage rate, people at risk of poverty or social exclusion by age, gender wage gap (median) for full-time employees, masculinization index. Simple statistical methods and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in this paper. An econometric model was created to verify the factors affecting the level of female self-employment. Statistical data collected by Eurostat and the OECD were used to conduct the analyses. Due to limited data availability, the study covers the years 2010–2018. Gretl and Excel were used to conduct the analysis. ; W krajach Unii Europejskiej występuje duże zróżnicowania poziomu przedsiębiorczości kobiet. W literaturze przedmiotu podkreśla się znaczenie rożnych czynników wewnętrznych (tj. edukacja, doświadczenie, kapitał ludzki, dostęp do zasobów kapitału) oraz zewnętrznych (tj. wpływających na poziom przedsiębiorczości). Celem artykułu jest empiryczna analiza związku między poziomem samozatrudnienia kobiet a uwarunkowaniami ekonomiczno-społecznymi kobiet na rynku pracy dla 19 państw będących członkiem UE. W pracy wykorzystano proste metody statystyczne i współczynnik korelacji Pearsona. W celu weryfikacji czynników wpływających na poziom samozatrudnienia kobiet zbudowano model ekonometryczny. Do przeprowadzenia analiz wykorzystano dane statystyczne zgromadzone w Eurostacie oraz OECD. Ze względu na ograniczoną dostępność danych badaniem objęto lata 2010–2018. Do przeprowadzenia analizy wykorzystany został program Gretl oraz Excel.

BACKGROUND: Conflicting information exists regarding the association between insulin resistance (IR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We described the associations between obesity, fasting insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and LVH in Black patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: A case–control study was conducted at the Centre Médical de Kinshasa (CMK), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and December 2019. Cases and controls were hypertensive patients with and without LVH, respectively. The relationships between obesity indices, physical inactivity, glucose metabolism and lipid disorder parameters, and LVH were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses in simple and univariate exploratory analyses, respectively. When differences were observed between LVH and independent variables, the effects of potential confounders were studied through the use of multiple linear regression and in conditional logistic regression in multivariate analyses. The coefficients of determination (R(2)), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to determine associations between LVH and the independent variables. RESULTS: Eighty-eight LVH cases (52 men) were compared against 132 controls (81 men). Variation in left ventricular mass (LVM) could be predicted by the following variables: age (19%), duration of hypertension (31.3%), body mass index (BMI, 44.4%), waist circumference (WC, 42.5%), glycemia (20%), insulinemia (44.8%), and HOMA-IR (43.7%). Hypertension duration, BMI, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR explained 68.3% of LVM variability in the multiple linear regression analysis. In the logistic regression model, obesity increased the risk of LVH by threefold [aOR 2.8; 95% CI (1.06–7.4); p = 0.038], and IR increased the risk of LVH by eightfold [aOR 8.4; 95 (3.7–15.7); p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Obesity and IR appear to be the primary predictors of LVH in Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients. The ...

BACKGROUND: This paper critically discusses the use and merits of global indices, in particular, the Global Health Security Index (GHSI; Cameron et al. https://www.ghsindex.org/#l-section--map) in times of an imminent crisis, such as the current pandemic. This index ranked 195 countries according to their expected preparedness in the case of a pandemic or other biological threat. The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic provides the background to compare each country's predicted performance from the GHSI with the actual performance. In general, there is an inverted relation between predicted versus actual performance, i.e. the predicted top performers are among those that are the worst hit. Obviously, this reflects poorly on the potential policy uses of this index in imminent crisis management. METHODS: The paper analyses the GHSI and identifies why it may have struggled to predict actual pandemic preparedness as evidenced by the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper also uses two different data sets, one from the Worldmeter on the spread of the Covid-19 pandemics, and the other from the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA) Evidence-to-Policy Tracker, to draw comparisons between the actual introduction of pandemic response policies and the corresponding death rate in 29 selected countries. RESULTS: This paper analyses the reasons for the poor match between prediction and reality in the index, and mentions six general observations applying to global indices in this respect. These observations are based on methodological and conceptual analyses. The level of abstraction in these global indices builds uncertainties upon uncertainties and hides implicit value assumptions, which potentially removes them from the policy needs on the ground. CONCLUSIONS: From the analysis, the question is raised if the policy community might have better tools for decision-making in a pandemic. On the basis of data from the INGSA Evidence-to-Policy Tracker, and with backing in studies from social psychology and ...

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on factors that may disproportionately affect female veterans' mental health, compared to men, and is part of a larger study assessing the prevalence of mental health disorders and treatment seeking among formerly deployed US military service members. METHODS: We surveyed a random sample of 1,730 veterans who were patients in a large non-VA hospital system in the US. Based on previous research, women were hypothesized to be at higher risk for psychological problems. We adjusted our results for confounding factors, including history of trauma, childhood abuse, combat exposure, deployments, stressful life events, alcohol misuse, psychological resources, and social support. RESULTS: Among the veterans studied, 5% were female (n = 85), 96% were White (n = 1,161), 22.9% were Iraq/Afghanistan veterans (n = 398), and the mean age was 59 years old (SD = 12). Compared to males, female veterans were younger, unmarried, college graduates, had less combat exposure, but were more likely to have lifetime PTSD (29% vs. 12%.), depression (46% vs. 21%), suicidal ideation (27% vs. 11%), and lifetime mental health service use (67% vs. 47%). Females were also more likely to have low psychological resilience and to have used psychotropic medications in the past year. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses that controlled for risk and protective factors, female veterans had greater risk for lifetime PTSD, depression, suicidal thoughts, and for lifetime use of psychological services, compared to males. Since 95% of the population in this study were male and these results may have been statistically biased, we reran our analyses using propensity score matching. Results were consistent across these analyses. CONCLUSION: Using a sample of post-deployment veterans receiving healthcare services from a large non-VA health system, we find that female veterans are at greater risk for lifetime psychological problems, compared to male veterans. We discuss these findings and their implications for service ...

Professional equality policies in France are based mainly on a system for negotiating agreements within the company, which is itself linked to the values of enterprise 'democracy'. On the basis of a survey of actual negotiation practices and its results, the article analyses the reality of the democratic process in the light of a typical ideal built on John Dewey's political philosophy. The observations thus point towards negotiation without public, investigation and evaluation, but three central elements in this analysis. These findings lead to reflection on how to radically improve the system, taking the democratic promise seriously. ; International audience ; Professional equality policies in France are based mainly on a system for negotiating agreements within the company, which is itself linked to the values of enterprise 'democracy'. On the basis of a survey of actual negotiation practices and its results, the article analyses the reality of the democratic process in the light of a typical ideal built on John Dewey's political philosophy. The observations thus point towards negotiation without public, investigation and evaluation, but three central elements in this analysis. These findings lead to reflection on how to radically improve the system, taking the democratic promise seriously. ; Les politiques d'égalité professionnelle en France reposent principalement sur un dispositif de négociation d'accords au sein de l'entreprise, dispositif lui-même indexé sur les valeurs de la « démocratie » d'entreprise. À partir d'une enquête menée sur les pratiques effectives de négociation et ses résultats, l'article analyse la réalité du processus démocratique, au regard d'un idéal type construit à partir de la philosophie politique de John Dewey. Les observations pointent ainsi vers une négociation sans public, sans enquête et sans évaluation, trois éléments pourtant centraux dans ce cadre d'analyse. Ces constats amènent à réfléchir aux moyens d'une amélioration radicale du dispositif prenant au sérieux la promesse ...

At the core of this investigation is the analysis of regional economic resilience performance in response to economic shocks. Following a discussion on the origins and theory behind the concept of economic resilience, a novel methodology to measure regional economic resilience is proposed. This approach is based on two dimensions: the recovery of the development level and the retention of the post-shock growth trajectory. This methodology is used in a large-N analysis of the NUTS 3 regions in the EU15 countries for a timeseries from 1988-2018. The resulting measurements are subsequently used in an explorative quantitative analysis of diverse approaches and hypotheses on the explanatory factors of regional resilience performance. The results of this investigation are then put into the context of the theoretical discussion. Thereby conclusions are drawn with regards to future research, the value of different approaches to resilience, and potential policy implications. ; L'analyse de la performance de la résilience économique régionale en réponse aux chocs économiques est au cœur de cette analyse. Après une discussion sur le concept de résilience, une nouvelle méthodologie pour mesurer la résilience économique régionale est proposée. Cette approche est basée sur deux dimensions : le rétablissement du niveau de développement et le maintien de la trajectoire de croissance post-choc. Cette méthodologie est utilisée dans une analyse des régions des pays de l'UE15 allant de 1988 à 2018. Les mesures obtenues sont ensuite utilisées dans une analyse quantitative exploratoire de diverses approches et hypothèses sur les facteurs explicatifs de la performance de résilience régionale. Les résultats de l'analyse sont ensuite placés dans le contexte de la discussion théorique. Des conclusions sont ainsi tirées en ce qui concerne les recherches futures, la valeur des différentes approches de la résilience et les implications politiques potentielles.

This research examines the French policies for the reception of foreign students from the end of the 19th century to the present and it focuses specifically on the evolution of Korean student mobility. Using the theoretical concept of "field" by Pierre Bourdieu, it analyses the three major periods of different "Spirit of State" for foreign students. With this theoretical framework, the specific form of foreign student policy can be explained by the relationship between the field of higher education, the field of diplomacy and the group of administrative and political agents, particularly those of the Ministry of the Interior. Based on archives, statistical data and interviews, this research historically underlines their different logics of actions and interests and, finally, the junction of these logics in 1990s, which had been realized by the consensus on the economic benefits of foreign students. Through a socio-historical approach, this thesis analyses the development of the State authorities engaged in these questions and the role of the organization charged with the French Government Scholarship for foreign students since the 1960s. The complementary case study of South Korea allows us to observe the evolution of French government strategies in a new era of the higher education market's globalization. The fieldwork in Korea shows us the actual government policy to make French higher education more attractive is effectually the response to the demand of "international students". A contribution to the French immigration history, this work shows the construction of the student migration policy can be analyzed as the internal struggles within the national field of State. ; Ce travail étudie les politiques d'accueil des étudiants étrangers en France de la fin du XIX siècle jusqu'à aujourd'hui en se focalisant particulièrement sur l'évolution de la mobilité étudiante coréenne. En empruntant à la notion de champ, il analyse trois grandes périodes de l'« Esprit d'État » en matière d'étudiants étrangers. L'étude ...

Sentiment/tone describes the way issues or specific actors are described in coverage. Many analyses differentiate between negative, neutral/balanced or positive sentiment/tone as broader categories, but analyses might also measure expressions of incivility, fear, or happiness, for example, as more granular types of sentiment/tone. Analyses can detect sentiment/tone in full texts (e.g., general sentiment in financial news) or concerning specific issues (e.g., specific sentiment towards the stock market in financial news or a specific actor). The datasets referred to in the table are described in the following paragraph: Puschmann (2019) uses four data sets to demonstrate how sentiment/tone may be analyzed by the computer. Using Sherlock Holmes stories (18th century, N = 12), tweets (2016, N = 18,826), Swiss newspaper articles (2007-2012, N = 21,280), and debate transcripts (2013-2017, N = 205,584), he illustrates how dictionaries may be applied for such a task. Rauh (2019) uses three data sets to validate his organic German language dictionary for sentiment/tone. His data consists of sentences from German parliament speeches (1991-2013, N = 1,500), German-language quasi-sentences from German, Austrian and Swiss party manifestos (1998-2013, N = 14,008) and newspaper, journal and news wire articles (2011-2012, N = 4,038). Silge and Robinson (2020) use six Jane Austen novels to demonstrate how dictionaries may be used for sentiment analysis. Van Atteveldt and Welbers (2020) use state of the Union speeches (1789-2017, N = 58) for the same purpose. The same authors (van Atteveldt & Welbers, 2019) show based on a dataset of N = 2,000 movie reviews how supervised machine learning might also do the trick. In their Quanteda tutorials, Watanabe and Müller (2019) demonstrate the use of dictionaries and supervised machine learning for sentiment analysis on UK newspaper articles (2012-2016, N = 6,000) as well as the same set of movie reviews (n = 2,000). Lastly, Wiedemann and Niekler (2017) use state of the Union speeches ...

Political issues, in general, focus on the content of political actors' communication and most often describe either the main issue or several issues that are in the focus of a political actor's statement or any other relevant text (e.g., press release, news article, tweet, etc.). The basic premise of analyzing political issues in the self-presentation of political actors is that one major goal of political actors' communication is to place specific issues on the political agenda (Strömbäck & Esser, 2017). Political issues are most often coded based on a list of pre-defined issues that refer to different policies and sometimes also to polity or politics. The scope and detail of the individual issues depend on the purpose and the focus of the analysis. Field of application/theoretical foundation: Apart from being a common descriptive and control variable, the coding of issues in political actors' communication can serve as the basis for more complex variables or concepts such as agenda building or issue ownership. Agenda building, at large, refers to the process of how media content is shaped by societal forces (Lang & Lang, 1981). With regard to analyses of politicians' self-presentation, most work focuses on the processes of communication by which political actors aim to obtain media coverage for their issues (Norris et al., 1999; Seethaler & Melischek, 2019). Analyses on agenda building usually compare issue agendas between at least two different forms of communication, e.g., between channels where political actors have high control (such as press releases, party manifestos, social media messages) and journalistic outlets where political actors have less control (e.g., Harder et al., 2017; Kiousis et al., 2006; Seethaler & Melischek, 2019). Content analyses on agenda building usually start by, first, identifying relevant issue fields and categories (inductively or deductively). Second, the dominant political issues in political actors' communication and/or other forms of communication (e.g., ...

Sources describe the actors quoted by journalists to support or refute their argumentation or to introduce new aspects into a discussion. Sources might be used for direct or indirect quotes and can be attributed to a variety of actors, such as government officials, witnesses or PR sources. In terrorism coverage, the media tends to mostly rely on official sources such as the government or police officials. Field of application/theoretical foundation: Content analyses focus on journalistic sources beyond terrorism coverage. Such analyses are often based on "Agenda-Setting" theories (McCombs & Shaw, 1972), models conceptualizing the relationship between journalists and PR, power hierarchies, or studies on working routines of journalists. References/combination with other methods of data collection: Similar analyses in the context of "Automated Content Analysis" try to grasp news "Actors", of which news sources might be one, automatically (for example Burggraaf & Trilling, 2020). In addition, interviews with journalists can shed light on their sourcing routines (Larsen, 2018). Two studies are of particular value when analyzing sources used in terrorism coverage since they analyze a large variety of different sources and will hence be discussed in the following section. Example studies: Larsen (2019); Venger (2019) Information on Larsen, 2019 Author: Larsen (2019) Research question: How are radicalization and violent extremism framed in the news, including the sources used in these articles? Object of analysis: Online news from four Norwegian news outlets (Aftenposten, NRK, TV2, and VG) Time frame of analysis: 2014–2015 Info about variables Variable name/definition: Sources Level of analysis: News stories Variables and values: 27 different values, namely (1) no source, (2) police, (3) security services, (4) national politician in position, (5) national politician in opposition, (6) local politician, (7) bureaucracy/administration, (8) lawyer, (9) military/intelligence, (10) expert/researcher, (11) ...