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A PhD candidate in biological sciences, who is also pursuing a graduate certificate in women's studies, describes male-centered paradigms in the study of fish coloration that overlook coloration displays in females. As a result, many traits common to both sexes are labeled "male traits," thereby obscuring the actual degree of sexual variation. It is argued that the traditionally male-dominated field of animal behavior has produced many theories that fail to consider female evolution. However, recent work by the growing number of women in the field, as well as some astute male scientists, has focused more on androcentric research that reflects larger cultural shifts in gender roles. Personal experiences as a woman in a male-dominated field are related, along with how childhood socialization served to restrict certain aspirations, & how human gender roles inhibit conceptions of male & female animals. A discussion of the need to challenge science's gender-based representations contends that the insights & methodologies of feminist theory must be applied in order to develop a more flexible view of animal nature. 17 References. J. Lindroth

The relations linking aggressive to soc behavior are particularly strong when one considers the release & the control of aggressive behavior. The stimuli which provoke aggressive behavior nearly always come from outside; they are connected with the presence of a congener. One may assume that the stimuli & perceptions which enter into individual recognition have some connection with the triggering of aggressive. behavior ior. In mammals & esp in rodents, the role of olfactive cues has been stressed in a great many studies. In M mice, a great deal of individual recognition seems to depend on scent signals originating either in the genito-urinary region or in the urinary tract. The release of aggressive conducts is linked to similar olfactive cues: anosmia provokes a total disappearance of aggression in M mice. The role of the soc environment in the control of aggressive behavior can be studied by changing the density of pop. In natural conditions, the soc life tends to reduce aggressiveness; much animal behavior is directed towards developing exchange of information to reduce intra-specific fightings. But when M mice, for example, are isolated, their aggressiveness is increased; this phenomenon has been found in other animals & in man. In the same way, overcrowding increases aggressiveness in animals. Psychol'ts & physiologists have studied some of the internal changes involved by modification of the soc environment. In rodents, olfactive cues are also involved in these phenomena. AA.

In this book, we reclaim the term "resistance" by exploring how animals can "resist" their commodification through blocking and allowing human intervention in their lives. In the cases explored in this volume, animals lead humans to rethink their relationship to animals by either blocking and/or allowing human commodification. In some cases, this results in greater control exercised on the animals, while in others, animals' resistance also poses a series of complex moral questions to human commodifiers, sometimes to the point of transforming humans into active members of resistance movements on behalf of animals

"Animals live in many kinds of habitats, located in different parts of the world. This book compares and contrasts these habitats and encourages students to learn how animals have adapted to where they live. Using cause-and-effect vocabulary, the book also explains why many animals are endangered and the reasons their lives are at risk. Students are asked to map the locations of different animal habitats and to come up with their own suggestions on how people can help threatened animals."--

"Explore the regions of mountain habitats and the animals that live there, from the foothills all the way up to the mountain peaks. Comparisons to familiar objects give perspective and illustrated rulers show numeric distances. Includes a map, glossary, and further resources"--

"Explore the layers of the rainforest biome and the animals that live there, from the dark forest floor through the understory, canopy, up to the emergent layer. Comparisons to familiar objects give perspective and illustrated rulers show numeric distances. Includes a map, glossary, and further resources"--

Engaging Animal Minds : Matters of Perspective / Robert W. Mitchell and Julie A. Smith -- Living with Animals -- The Mental Life of Chickens as Observed Through Their Social Relationships / Karen Davis -- Tangible Affiliations : Photographic Representations of Touch Between Human and Animal Companions / Julia Schlosser -- Beaver Voices : Grey Owl and Interspecies Communication / Albert Braz -- Anthropomorphisms -- The Historical Animal Mind : "Sagacity" in Nineteenth-Century Britain / Rob Boddice -- Science of the Monkey Mind : Primate Penchants and Human Pursuits / Sara Waller -- Can Animals Make "Art"? Popular and Scientific Discourses About Expressivity and Cognition in Primates / Jane Desmond -- Embodiments and Interembodiments -- Toward a Privileging of the Nonverbal : Communication, Corporeal Synchronicity, and Transcendence in Humans and Horses / Gala Argent -- Thinking Like a Whale : Interdisciplinary Methods for the Study of Human-Animal Interactions / Traci Warkentin -- The Meaning of "Energy" in Cesar Millan's Discourse on Dogs / Julie A. Smith -- Inner Experience as Perception(like) with Attitude / Robert W. Mitchell --