Economic choice theory: An experimental analysis of animal behavior
In: Public choice, Band 92, Heft 1-2, S. 207-210
ISSN: 0048-5829
In: Public choice, Band 92, Heft 1-2, S. 207-210
ISSN: 0048-5829
In: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Band 151, S. 478-484
In: Computers and electronics in agriculture: COMPAG online ; an international journal, Band 207, S. 107707
In: Women's studies: an interdisciplinary journal, Band 48, Heft 3, S. 309-345
ISSN: 1547-7045
In: Computers and electronics in agriculture: COMPAG online ; an international journal, Band 206, S. 107647
In: NAJEF-D-22-00474
SSRN
In: Journal of aggression, conflict and peace research, Band 15, Heft 2, S. 85-94
ISSN: 2042-8715
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is return to some findings and approaches typical of behavioral sciences and evolutionary anthropology that will allow us to link the process of self-domestication that can be seen in our evolutionary past, the primate tendency to enter into conflicts through patterns of signal exchange rather than direct aggressions, and the development of the persuasive dimension of language, with the possible evolutionary origin of both cultural violence and structural violence.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach has been, at all times, multidisciplinary insofar as it has sought to elucidate how the inquiries made from the behavioral sciences can help to understand human violence.
Findings
What was found is the possibility of understanding conflicts as a mechanism of evolutionary pressure that has been involved not only in social restructuring but also in the evolutionary origin of the human being.
Research limitations/implications
More empirical evidence should be found in this regard.
Originality/value
This study is a multidisciplinary approach that seeks to understand both the phenomenon of violence and peace from an evolutionary perspective.
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 23, Heft 1, S. 104-112
ISSN: 0020-8701
The relations linking aggressive to soc behavior are particularly strong when one considers the release & the control of aggressive behavior. The stimuli which provoke aggressive behavior nearly always come from outside; they are connected with the presence of a congener. One may assume that the stimuli & perceptions which enter into individual recognition have some connection with the triggering of aggressive. behavior ior. In mammals & esp in rodents, the role of olfactive cues has been stressed in a great many studies. In M mice, a great deal of individual recognition seems to depend on scent signals originating either in the genito-urinary region or in the urinary tract. The release of aggressive conducts is linked to similar olfactive cues: anosmia provokes a total disappearance of aggression in M mice. The role of the soc environment in the control of aggressive behavior can be studied by changing the density of pop. In natural conditions, the soc life tends to reduce aggressiveness; much animal behavior is directed towards developing exchange of information to reduce intra-specific fightings. But when M mice, for example, are isolated, their aggressiveness is increased; this phenomenon has been found in other animals & in man. In the same way, overcrowding increases aggressiveness in animals. Psychol'ts & physiologists have studied some of the internal changes involved by modification of the soc environment. In rodents, olfactive cues are also involved in these phenomena. AA.
In: Ensaios e ciência: série ciências humanas sociais e da educação, Band 24, Heft 5-esp, S. 455-461
ISSN: 1415-6938
Melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo é importante para aumentar a lucratividade das propriedades. Assim, nós avaliamos a contagem de folículos antrais (CFA), o escore de condição corporal (ECC), o peso vivo e o comportamento animal sobre à taxa de concepção de vacas Brahman submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo-fixo (IATF). Vacas (n=122) receberam um protocolo convencional de IATF de três manejos (D0, 8 e 10) a base de estrógeno e progesterona, além do monitoramento da expressão de estro antes da inseminação. O ECC e o comportamento animal foram avaliados em todos os dias do protocolo, o peso foi mensurado no D0 e no diagnóstico de gestação (D40) e a CFA no D0. Para análise, estabeleceu-se os grupos de CFA (baixa, intermediária e alta), do comportamento (calma, inquieta e agitada), do peso (ganhando, mantendo e perdendo) e do ECC (ganhando, mantendo e perdendo). A taxa de concepção geral foi de 50%, e não esteve associada (p>0,05) a classificação da CFA (baixa/52,6%, intermediária/50,9% e alta/45,4%), do peso (ganhando/43,0%, mantendo/54,7% e perdendo/47,1%), do ECC (ganhando/44,0%, mantendo/54,3% e perdendo/37,5%) e do comportamento (calma/43,0%, inquieta/54,7% e agitada/47,1%). No entanto, a baixa CFA apresentou maior (p=0,05) proporção de animais com alta intensidade de estro (94,7%) e foi observado maior escore de reatividade (p=0,001) no primeiro dia de manejo da IATF em relação aos outros dias. Vacas com baixa CFA resultaram em maior proporção de expressão de estro e o primeiro dia de manejo da IATF determinou uma maior reatividade animal em relação aos outros dias do protocolo.
Palavras-chave: Condição Corporal. Inseminação Artificial. Performance Reprodutiva. Peso Vivo.
Abstract
Improving reproductive performance is important to increase farm profitability. The relationship of antral follicle count (AFC), body condition score (BCS), weight, and animal behavior on the conception rate in cows submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI). Cows (n=122) received a conventional TAI protocol of three managements (D0, 8, and 10) based on estrogen and progesterone, in addition to monitoring estrus expression before insemination. The BCS and behavior score were assessed every day of the TAI protocol. Weight was measured at D0 and in the pregnancy diagnosis (D40), and AFC was determined at D0. For analysis, the groups were established according to AFC (low, intermediate, and high), behavior animal (calm, restless, and agitated), weight variation (gaining, maintaining, and losing), and BCS variation (gaining, maintaining, and losing). The overall conception rate was 50%, and it was not associated with (P>0.05) the AFC classification (low/52.6%, intermediate/50.9%, and high/45.4%), weight variations (gaining/43.0%, maintaining/54.7%, and losing/47.1%), BCS variations (gaining/44.0%, maintaining/54.3%, and losing/37.5%) and animal behavior (calm/43.0%, restless/54.7%, and agitated/47.1%). However, the low AFC showed a higher (P=0.05) proportion of animals with high intensity of estrus expression (94.7%). In addition, a higher score for animal reactivity (P=0.001) was noted on the first day of the management of TAI protocol than to the other days of the hormonal protocol. The low AFC resulted in a higher proportion of cows with high estrus expression and the management practices for TAI determined a greater animals reactivity at the beginning of the breeding program.
Keywords: Body Condition. Artificial Insemination. Reproductive Performance. Live Weight.
In: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Band 82, S. 44-54
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 261-262
ISSN: 1471-5457
In the Late 1960s and early 1970s, a revolution occurred in evolutionary biology when several investigators, including most notably W. D. Hamilton, R. L. Trivers, and G. C. Williams, began to apply Darwin's theory of natural selection to the social behavior of animals. This new approach to behavior, which came to be known as "sociobiology" after the title of E. O. Wilson's influential 1975 book, was rapidly applied to human, as well as nonhuman, animal behavior. These applications often represented a serious challenge to the theories of the social and behavioral sciences, many of which rested on the assumption that behavior could be profitably analyzed in terms of its effects on the group or species. Sociobiologists, in contrast, argued that an adequate understanding of animal, including human, societies can be gained only by viewing selection as operating at the level of the individual (and sometimes at the level of the gene) rather than at the group level. The resultant controversies continue to this day, and sociobiological approaches to human behavior have had an important impact on anthropology, psychology, and other behavioral sciences, including political science.
In: European psychologist, Band 3, Heft 1, S. 62-69
ISSN: 1878-531X
Comparative psychology is a field of psychology with no clear paradigm. Most of the researchers dealing with problems of animal behavior refer to Tinbergen's four questions about behavior or the proximate/ultimate causation dichotomy. The theory of integrative levels provides an alternative to a reductionistic approach to understanding behavior. This paper discusses these approaches. One potential advantage of the approach based on the integrative levels theory is presented using the example of exploratory behavior.
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 19, Heft 1, S. 88-95
ISSN: 0020-8701
Zoosemiotics (ZS)-anatural &behavioral sci which has lately crystallized at the intersection of semiotics & ethology-is decomposed into 3 subfields: zoopragmatics (1-3), zoosemantics (6),& zoosyntactics (4, 5) , labels which cover the 6 aspects of a communicative event which have been variously studied by field O's or laboratory exp'ers working with animals: (1) source, (2) destination, (3) channel, (4) code, (5) message, & (6) context. Each of these aspects is considered & exemplified in some detail; eg, systems such as chemical, optical, tactile, acoustic, & several other channels are discussed in turn. 3 approaches are then mapped out: pure ZS, comprehending the elaboration of theoretical models; descriptive ZS, constituting the main subject of this paper; & applied ZS, aiming to deal with the exploitation of animal systems for the benefit of man. Linguists & psycholinguists who are concerned with animal COMM are interested chiefly in disclosing the biological & anthrop'al origins of human COMM, &, further, seek answers to particular questions such as these: what are the anatomical & physiological is of verbal behavior & what sensory & cognitive specializations are required for language perception; what motivates the onset & accomplishment of language learning in the development of human infants; why do subhuman forms lack the capacity to acquire even the beginnings of language; how can present evolutionary theory account for the uniqueness of both form & behavior of language specialization in man; & what is the genetic basis for language propensity, man's species-specific biological endowment?AA.
In: HAZMAT-D-22-00123
SSRN
In: Historical Social Research, Band 40, Heft 4, S. 47-54
Zoopolis by Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka (2011) is a very important contribution in the process of rethinking our relationship with animals. But is their proposal to conceptualize animals as co-citizens (in the case of domesticated animals) or as sovereign communities (in the case of wild animals) appropriate and persuasive with regard to the task of restructuring the theoretical foundations and the practical perspectives for transforming human-animal relations in modern democracies? In the face of the epistemological and methodological problems of interpreting animals and their behavior, this contribution argues that we are not on the right track if we try to take animals seriously by interpreting the relationship between them and us without realizing that it will not be possible to communicate with them on a level that can capture the political dimensions of that relationship. While expanding our moral imagination to see animals in new ways may induce new commitments and yield new allies for the animal advocacy movement, the next step required would be to proceed from an extended moral imaginary towards a political theory of human-animal relations which includes perspectives on institutionalization that can come to terms with the problems of moral advocacy in a democracy.