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This book details the results of the authors' research using laboratory animals to investigate individual choice theory in economics-consumer-demand and labour supply behaviour and choice under uncertainty. The use of laboratory animals provides the opportunity to conduct controlled experiments involving precise and demanding tests of economic theory with rewards and punishments of real consequence. Economic models are compared to psychological and biological choice models along with the results of experiments testing between these competing explanations. Results of animal experiments are used to address questions of social policy importance
Front Cover -- Mixed-Species Groups of Animals -- Mixed-Species Groups of Animals: Behavior, Community Structure, -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 WHAT IS A MIXED-SPECIES GROUP? DEFINING THE SCOPE OF THE BOOK -- 1.2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON RESEARCH ON MIXED-SPECIES GROUPS -- 2 - A Diversity of Mixed-Species Associations -- 2.1 CLASSIFYING MIXED-SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS -- 2.2 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SPECIES WITHOUT ASSOCIATION -- 2.3 ASSOCIATION OF SPECIES DESPITE LACK OF INTERACTION -- 2.3.1 Aggregations in Habitat Patches -- 2.3.2 Aggregations Around a Resource -- 2.3.3 Aggregations Influenced by Predation -- 2.3.4 Aggregations During Migration -- 2.4 STATIONARY ASSOCIATIONS CENTERED AROUND SPECIES INTERACTIONS -- 2.4.1 Associations Based on a Protective Species -- 2.4.2 Mixed-Species Colonies or Roosts -- 2.4.3 Cleaning Mutualisms -- 2.5 CONCLUSIONS -- 3 - Moving Mixed-Species Groups in Different Taxa -- 3.1 COMPARING MOVING MIXED-SPECIES GROUPS -- 3.2 INVERTEBRATES -- 3.3 FISH AND AQUATIC AMPHIBIANS -- 3.3.1 Saltwater Fish -- 3.3.2 Freshwater Fish and Aquatic Amphibians -- 3.4 MAMMALS -- 3.4.1 Cetaceans -- 3.4.2 Ungulates -- 3.4.3 Primates -- 3.5 BIRDS -- 3.5.1 Seabirds -- 3.5.2 Shorebirds -- 3.5.3 Waterfowl -- 3.5.4 Waders -- 3.5.5 Grassland Birds -- 3.5.6 Forest Birds -- 3.6 MSGS THAT INCLUDE MULTIPLE TAXA AND WHERE ONE SPECIES MAKES FOOD MORE ACCESSIBLE TO OTHERS -- 3.6.1 Associations Based on One Species Increasing Prey Accessibility -- 3.6.2 Cooperative Hunting -- 3.6.3 Mutualisms in Which Increased Foraging Is Traded for Vigilance -- 3.7 CONCLUSIONS -- 4 - Adaptive Implications of Mixed-Species Grouping: Foraging, Physical, and Reproductive Factors -- 4.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MIXED-SPECIES GROUPS IN TERMS OF ADAPTATION -- 4.2 SOME POTENTIAL FORAGING BENEFITS OF (MIXED-SPECIES) GROUPING
2.3.3 Aggregations Influenced by Predation2.3.4 Aggregations During Migration; 2.4 STATIONARY ASSOCIATIONS CENTERED AROUND SPECIES INTERACTIONS; 2.4.1 Associations Based on a Protective Species; 2.4.2 Mixed-Species Colonies or Roosts; 2.4.3 Cleaning Mutualisms; 2.5 CONCLUSIONS; 3 -- Moving Mixed-Species Groups in Different Taxa; 3.1 COMPARING MOVING MIXED-SPECIES GROUPS; 3.2 INVERTEBRATES; 3.3 FISH AND AQUATIC AMPHIBIANS; 3.3.1 Saltwater Fish; 3.3.2 Freshwater Fish and Aquatic Amphibians; 3.4 MAMMALS; 3.4.1 Cetaceans; 3.4.2 Ungulates; 3.4.3 Primates; 3.5 BIRDS; 3.5.1 Seabirds; 3.5.2 Shorebirds
In: Human-animal studies volume 26
In this book, we reclaim the term "resistance" by exploring how animals can "resist" their commodification through blocking and allowing human intervention in their lives. In the cases explored in this volume, animals lead humans to rethink their relationship to animals by either blocking and/or allowing human commodification. In some cases, this results in greater control exercised on the animals, while in others, animals' resistance also poses a series of complex moral questions to human commodifiers, sometimes to the point of transforming humans into active members of resistance movements on behalf of animals
In: My world
"Animals live in many kinds of habitats, located in different parts of the world. This book compares and contrasts these habitats and encourages students to learn how animals have adapted to where they live. Using cause-and-effect vocabulary, the book also explains why many animals are endangered and the reasons their lives are at risk. Students are asked to map the locations of different animal habitats and to come up with their own suggestions on how people can help threatened animals."--
In: Advances in Animal Welfare Science Ser. v.2
Every coordination within or between animals depends on communication processes. Although the signaling molecules, vocal and tactile signs, gestures and its combinations differ throughout all species according their evolutionary origins and variety of adaptation processes, certain levels of biocommunication can be found in all animal species: (a) Abiotic environmental indices such as temperature, light, water, etc. that affect the local ecosphere of an organism and are sensed, interpreted (against stored background memory) and then being used for organisation of response behavior to adapt accordingly (concerning optimal energy cost). (b) Transspecific communication with non-related organisms as found in attac, defense and symbiotic (even endosymbiotic) sign-mediated interactions. (c) Species-specific communication between same or related species. (d) Intraorganismic communication, i.e., sign-mediated coordination within the body of the organism. This means two sublevels, such as cell-cell communication as well as intracellular signaling between cellular parts. In any case, the context of a given situation determines the meaning of the used signs: (a) growth and (b) development are different modes of behaviour and need other patterns of signaling than (c) defence or (d) reproductive patterns. Likewise, (e) mutualistic symbioses require different forms of coordination from those of (f) commensalism or (e) parasitism. Thus, this systematic approach of animal communication demonstrates that the meaning (semantics) of signs is context-dependent, and helps to give a better understanding of the full range of sign-mediated interactions of coral life. This book gives an overview of the manifold levels of animal communication exemplified by a variety of species and thereby broadens the understanding of these organisms
In: Human-Animal Studies 4
In: Brill eBook titles 2007
Preliminary Materials /Laurence Simmons and Philip Armstrong -- Bestiary: An Introduction /Laurence Simmons and Philip Armstrong -- Chapter One. Shame, Levinas's Dog, Derrida's Cat (And Some Fish) -- Chapter Two. Understanding Avian Intelligence /Alphonso Lingis -- Chapter Three. What Do Animals Dream Of ? Or King Kong As Darwinian Screen Animal /Barbara Creed -- Chapter Four. "No Circus Without Animals"?: Animal Acts And Ideology In The Virtual Circus /Tanja Schwalm -- Chapter Five. Farming Images: Animal Rights And Agribusiness In The Field Of Vision /Philip Armstrong -- Chapter Six. The Mark Of The Beast: Inscribing 'Animality' Through Extreme Body Modification /Annie Potts -- Chapter Seven. Bill Hammond's Parliament Of Foules /Allan Smith -- Chapter Eight. Extinction Stories: Performing Absence(s) /Ricardo De Vos -- Chapter Nine. Australia Imagined In Biological Control /Catharina Landström -- Chapter Ten. Tails Within Tales /Brian Boyd -- Chapter Eleven. Pigs, People And Pigoons /Helen Tiffin -- Chapter . Twelve Walking The Dog /Ian Wedde -- Index /Laurence Simmons and Philip Armstrong.
In: Mathematics in the Real World Ser.
This high-interest math reader integrates math and literacy skills and uses real-world examples to help students explore math in a meaningful way. Students will practice multiplying fractions while engaged in reading about strange animal partnerships.
In: Animals measure up
"Explore the regions of mountain habitats and the animals that live there, from the foothills all the way up to the mountain peaks. Comparisons to familiar objects give perspective and illustrated rulers show numeric distances. Includes a map, glossary, and further resources"--
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Backgroundon Animal Movement -- 1.1.1 Population Dynamics -- 1.1.2 Spatial Redistribution -- 1.1.3 Home Ranges, Territories, and Groups -- 1.1.4 Group Movement and Dynamics -- 1.1.5 Informed Dispersal and Prospecting -- 1.1.6 Memory -- 1.1.7 Individual Condition -- 1.1.8 Energy Balance -- 1.1.9 Food Provision -- 1.1.10 Encounter Rates and Patterns -- 1.2 Telemetry Data -- 1.3 Notation -- 1.4 Statistical Concepts -- 1.5 Additional Reading -- Chapter 2 Statistics for Spatial Data -- 2.1 Point Processes -- 2.1.1 Homogeneous SPPs -- 2.1.2 Density Estimation -- 2.1.3 Parametric Models -- 2.2 Continuous Spatial Processes -- 2.2.1 Modeling and Parameter Estimation -- 2.2.2 Prediction -- 2.2.3 Restricted Maximum Likelihood -- 2.2.4 Bayesian Geostatistics -- 2.3 Discrete Spatial Processes -- 2.3.1 Descriptive Statistics -- 2.3.2 Models for Discrete Spatial Processes -- 2.4 Spatial Confounding -- 2.5 Dimension Reduction Methods -- 2.5.1 Reducing Necessary Calculations -- 2.5.2 Reduced-Rank Models -- 2.5.3 Predictive Processes -- 2.6 Additional Reading -- Chapter 3 Statistics for Temporal Data -- 3.1 Univariate Time Series -- 3.1.1 Descriptive Statistics -- 3.1.2 Models for Univariate Temporal Data -- 3.1.2.1 Autoregressive Models -- 3.1.2.2 Moving Average Models -- 3.1.2.3 Backshift Notation -- 3.1.2.4 Differencing in Time Series Models -- 3.1.2.5 Fitting Time Series Models -- 3.1.3 Forecasting -- 3.1.4 Additional Univariate Time Series Notes -- 3.1.5 Temporally Varying Coefficient Models -- 3.1.6 Temporal Point Processes -- 3.2 Multivariate Time Series -- 3.2.1 Vector Autoregressive Models -- 3.2.2 Implementation -- 3.3 Hierarchical Time Series Models -- 3.3.1 Measurement Error -- 3.3.2 Hidden Markov Models
This is the first book on captive animal behaviour, applied to welfare. It enables all aspects of zoo husbandry and management (nutrition, enclosure design, handling and training, enrichment, population management) to be based on a sound knowledge of the species, its evolutionary and natural history.