Suchergebnisse

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance, animal behavior, and contamination and spread of nematode larvae of sheep supplemented with increasing levels of protein (15, 25, and 35%) on Xaraés grass (Brachiaria brizantha 'Xaraés') pastures. Fifteen Santa Inês crossbred sheep, with an average age of approximately five months and average initial weight of 14.63 kg, were used in the experiment. The feeding behavior (grazing and idle times) of animals was found to be influenced by the supplementation provided. The highest level of supplementation provided to the animals reduced their grazing time. The different levels of supplementation influenced the average daily gain and total final body weight gain of the sheep in Xaraés grass pastures. A significant difference was observed in the presence of parasitic larvae in the Xaraés grass pastures depending on different protein levels throughout the regrowth period. The number of larvae in feces was influenced by the protein content of the supplement, and varied throughout the pasture rest period. Animals showed a decrease in the number of larvae as their dietary crude protein (CP) content was increased. Supplementation with high protein, together with the action of vermifuge, increased the performance of sheep and reduced their parasite load and grazing time in Xaraés grass pastures.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Harley, J. J., Rowden, L. J., Clifforde, L. M., Power, A. & Stanley, C.R. (2022). Preliminary investigation of the effects of a concert on the behavior of zoo animals. Zoo Biology,], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21676]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley's version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited. ; To increase visitor footfall and engagement, zoos may host public events which may extend outside of typical opening hours. With plans to hold a 2-day concert at Tayto Park, Ireland, this study aimed to identify the behavioral response to the music event of a selected group of species in the zoo. Twenty-two species were observed across three Phases of the event (pre-, during and post-event). Specific behaviors of interest were categorized as active, resting, asleep, abnormal, and out of sight, with repeated observations being made at each enclosure during each Phase. Alongside these behavioral data, Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) were concurrently recorded at the observation locations in terms of both dB(A) and dB(C). The median dB(C) levels during the event were found to be significantly higher (mdn = 64.5dB) when compared with both pre- (mdn = 60.7dB) and post-event Phases (mdn = 59.4dB), whilst dB(A) levels were only significantly higher during the event (51.7dB) when compared with the pre-event Phase (mdn = 49.8dB). We found some species-specific behavioral changes (mainly associated with active and resting behaviors) correlated with increased SPLs and/or event itself. However, the behavioral responses varied between species and there were numerous species which did not respond with any change in behavior to the increased SPLs or the event itself. This variation in response across species reinforces the need for monitoring of behavioral changes as well as consideration of their natural behavioral ecology when implementing appropriate mitigation strategies. Further research should be encouraged to provide evidence-based assessment of how music events may affect animal welfare and behavior and to test the efficacy of mitigation strategies that are implemented to safeguard animal welfare.

Every coordination within or between animals depends on communication processes. Although the signaling molecules, vocal and tactile signs, gestures and its combinations differ throughout all species according their evolutionary origins and variety of adaptation processes, certain levels of biocommunication can be found in all animal species: (a) Abiotic environmental indices such as temperature, light, water, etc. that affect the local ecosphere of an organism and are sensed, interpreted (against stored background memory) and then being used for organisation of response behavior to adapt accordingly (concerning optimal energy cost). (b) Transspecific communication with non-related organisms as found in attac, defense and symbiotic (even endosymbiotic) sign-mediated interactions. (c) Species-specific communication between same or related species. (d) Intraorganismic communication, i.e., sign-mediated coordination within the body of the organism. This means two sublevels, such as cell-cell communication as well as intracellular signaling between cellular parts. In any case, the context of a given situation determines the meaning of the used signs: (a) growth and (b) development are different modes of behaviour and need other patterns of signaling than (c) defence or (d) reproductive patterns. Likewise, (e) mutualistic symbioses require different forms of coordination from those of (f) commensalism or (e) parasitism. Thus, this systematic approach of animal communication demonstrates that the meaning (semantics) of signs is context-dependent, and helps to give a better understanding of the full range of sign-mediated interactions of coral life. This book gives an overview of the manifold levels of animal communication exemplified by a variety of species and thereby broadens the understanding of these organisms

"Animals live in many kinds of habitats, located in different parts of the world. This book compares and contrasts these habitats and encourages students to learn how animals have adapted to where they live. Using cause-and-effect vocabulary, the book also explains why many animals are endangered and the reasons their lives are at risk. Students are asked to map the locations of different animal habitats and to come up with their own suggestions on how people can help threatened animals."--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Backgroundon Animal Movement -- 1.1.1 Population Dynamics -- 1.1.2 Spatial Redistribution -- 1.1.3 Home Ranges, Territories, and Groups -- 1.1.4 Group Movement and Dynamics -- 1.1.5 Informed Dispersal and Prospecting -- 1.1.6 Memory -- 1.1.7 Individual Condition -- 1.1.8 Energy Balance -- 1.1.9 Food Provision -- 1.1.10 Encounter Rates and Patterns -- 1.2 Telemetry Data -- 1.3 Notation -- 1.4 Statistical Concepts -- 1.5 Additional Reading -- Chapter 2 Statistics for Spatial Data -- 2.1 Point Processes -- 2.1.1 Homogeneous SPPs -- 2.1.2 Density Estimation -- 2.1.3 Parametric Models -- 2.2 Continuous Spatial Processes -- 2.2.1 Modeling and Parameter Estimation -- 2.2.2 Prediction -- 2.2.3 Restricted Maximum Likelihood -- 2.2.4 Bayesian Geostatistics -- 2.3 Discrete Spatial Processes -- 2.3.1 Descriptive Statistics -- 2.3.2 Models for Discrete Spatial Processes -- 2.4 Spatial Confounding -- 2.5 Dimension Reduction Methods -- 2.5.1 Reducing Necessary Calculations -- 2.5.2 Reduced-Rank Models -- 2.5.3 Predictive Processes -- 2.6 Additional Reading -- Chapter 3 Statistics for Temporal Data -- 3.1 Univariate Time Series -- 3.1.1 Descriptive Statistics -- 3.1.2 Models for Univariate Temporal Data -- 3.1.2.1 Autoregressive Models -- 3.1.2.2 Moving Average Models -- 3.1.2.3 Backshift Notation -- 3.1.2.4 Differencing in Time Series Models -- 3.1.2.5 Fitting Time Series Models -- 3.1.3 Forecasting -- 3.1.4 Additional Univariate Time Series Notes -- 3.1.5 Temporally Varying Coefficient Models -- 3.1.6 Temporal Point Processes -- 3.2 Multivariate Time Series -- 3.2.1 Vector Autoregressive Models -- 3.2.2 Implementation -- 3.3 Hierarchical Time Series Models -- 3.3.1 Measurement Error -- 3.3.2 Hidden Markov Models

"Explore the regions of mountain habitats and the animals that live there, from the foothills all the way up to the mountain peaks. Comparisons to familiar objects give perspective and illustrated rulers show numeric distances. Includes a map, glossary, and further resources"--

"Explore the layers of the rainforest biome and the animals that live there, from the dark forest floor through the understory, canopy, up to the emergent layer. Comparisons to familiar objects give perspective and illustrated rulers show numeric distances. Includes a map, glossary, and further resources"--

Engaging Animal Minds : Matters of Perspective / Robert W. Mitchell and Julie A. Smith -- Living with Animals -- The Mental Life of Chickens as Observed Through Their Social Relationships / Karen Davis -- Tangible Affiliations : Photographic Representations of Touch Between Human and Animal Companions / Julia Schlosser -- Beaver Voices : Grey Owl and Interspecies Communication / Albert Braz -- Anthropomorphisms -- The Historical Animal Mind : "Sagacity" in Nineteenth-Century Britain / Rob Boddice -- Science of the Monkey Mind : Primate Penchants and Human Pursuits / Sara Waller -- Can Animals Make "Art"? Popular and Scientific Discourses About Expressivity and Cognition in Primates / Jane Desmond -- Embodiments and Interembodiments -- Toward a Privileging of the Nonverbal : Communication, Corporeal Synchronicity, and Transcendence in Humans and Horses / Gala Argent -- Thinking Like a Whale : Interdisciplinary Methods for the Study of Human-Animal Interactions / Traci Warkentin -- The Meaning of "Energy" in Cesar Millan's Discourse on Dogs / Julie A. Smith -- Inner Experience as Perception(like) with Attitude / Robert W. Mitchell --

This is the first book on captive animal behaviour, applied to welfare. It enables all aspects of zoo husbandry and management (nutrition, enclosure design, handling and training, enrichment, population management) to be based on a sound knowledge of the species, its evolutionary and natural history.

Animal studies is a growing interdisciplinary field that incorporates scholarship from public policy, sociology, religion, politics, philosophy, and many other fields. This new field seeks to understand how humans study and conceive of other-than-human animals, and how these conceptions have changed over time, across cultures, and among various scholarly modes of inquiry. Until now, this growing field has lacked a comprehensive introductory text appropriate for new scholars. Animal Studies: An Introduction fills this deficiency, providing the first holistic survey of the field.

Intro -- Title -- Dedication -- Contents -- A Quick Word of Introduction -- 1 MAUL COPS -- Crime Scene Forensics When the Killer Isn't Human -- 2 BREAKING AND ENTERING AND EATING -- How Do You Handle a Hungry Bear? -- 3 THE ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM -- Manslaughter by the Pound -- 4 A SPOT OF TROUBLE -- What Makes a Leopard a Man-Eater? -- 5 THE MONKEY FIX -- Birth Control for Marauding Macaques -- 6 MERCURIAL COUGARS -- How Do You Count What You Can't See? -- 7 WHEN THE WOOD COMES DOWN -- Beware the "Danger Tree" -- 8 THE TERROR BEANS -- The Legume as Accomplice to Murder -- 9 OKAY, BOOMER -- Futile Military Actions Against Birds -- 10 ON THE ROAD AGAIN -- Jaywalking with the Animals -- 11 TO SCARE A THIEF -- The Esoteric Art of the Frightening Device -- 12 THE GULLS OF ST. PETER'S -- The Vatican Tries a Laser -- 13 THE JESUIT AND THE RAT -- Wildlife Management Tips from the Pontifical Academy for Life -- 14 KILLING WITH KINDNESS -- Who Cares About a Pest? -- 15 THE DISAPPEARING MOUSE -- The Scary Magic of Gene Drives -- Acknowledgments -- The Fuzzy Trespasser: Resources for Homeowners -- Bibliography -- Copyright.