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The article analyzes the ideas of one of the most controversial European leaders of the twentieth century - António Salazar. He managed to avoid the coun-try's participation in the Second world war, to achieve a relative economic recovery and social stability. The article traces the connection of Salazar's ideas with the views of Hitler and Mussolini, ideological currents of modernity. In the context of the crisis of parliamentary democracy, his ideas cannot but be of interest. ; Статья посвящена анализу идей одного из самых спорных европейских лидеров ХХ века - Антониу Салазара. Он сумел избежать участия страны во Второй мировой войне, добиться относительного экономического подъема государства и социальной стабильности. В статье прослеживается связь идей Салазара со взглядами Гитлера и Муссолини и идейными течениями современности. В условиях кризиса парламентской демократии идеи Салазара не могут не представлять интереса.

The diffusion of political and social corporatism, which with the single-party are hallmarks of the institutional transfers among European dictatorships, challenges some rigid dichotomous interpretations of interwar fascism. This chapter rethinks the role of corporatism as a political device against liberal democracy and especially as a set of authoritarian institutions that spread across inter-war Europe and which was an agent for the hybridization of the institutions of fascist-era dictatorships. We argue that corporatism was at the forefront of this process of cross-national diffusion, both as a new form of organized interest representation and as an authoritarian alternative to liberal democracy.

Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) and Rayleigh group velocity dispersion curves (DC) can be used to estimate the shallow S-wave velocity (VS) structure. Knowing the VS structure is important for geophysical data interpretation either in order to better constrain data inversions for P-wave velocity (VP) structures such as travel time tomography or full waveform inversions or to directly study the VS structure for geo-engineering purposes (e.g., ground motion prediction). The joint inversion of HVSR and dispersion data for 1D VS structure allows characterising the uppermost crust and near surface, where the HVSR data (0.03 to 10s) are most sensitive while the dispersion data (1 to 30s) constrain the deeper model which would, otherwise, add complexity to the HVSR data inversion and adversely affect its convergence. During a large-scale experiment, 197 three-component short-period stations, 41 broad band instruments and 190 geophones were continuously operated for 6 months (April to October 2017) covering an area of approximately 1500km2 with a site spacing of approximately 1 to 3km. Joint inversion of HVSR and DC allowed estimating VS and, to some extent density, down to depths of around 1000m. Broadband and short period instruments performed statistically better than geophone nodes due to the latter's gap in sensitivity between HVSR and DC. It may be possible to use HVSR data in a joint inversion with DC, increasing resolution for the shallower layers and/or alleviating the absence of short period DC data, which may be harder to obtain. By including HVSR to DC inversions, confidence improvements of two to three times for layers above 300m were achieved. Furthermore, HVSR/DC joint inversion may be useful to generate initial models for 3D tomographic inversions in large scale deployments. Lastly, the joint inversion of HVSR and DC data can be sensitive to density but this sensitivity is situational and depends strongly on the other inversion parameters, namely VS and VP. Density estimates from a HVSR/DC joint inversion should be treated with care, while some subsurface structures may be sensitive, others are clearly not. Inclusion of gravity inversion to HVSR/DC joint inversion may be possible and prove useful ; This work was funded by TOTAL under the framework of the Orogen project, with funding from the Spanish government through the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) and the research team RNM-194 of Junta de Andalucía (Spain). ; Peer reviewed

Komedija Dundo Maroje, najpopularnije, a po mišljenju mnogih stručnjaka i najoriginalnije djelo najvećeg hrvatskog renesansnog komediografa Marina Držića primjer je izrazito slojevitog djela koje u prevoditeljskom kontekstu predstavlja pravi izazov. Upravo su prijevodi ove komedije, ujedno i jedne od najizvođenijih dramskih uradaka nekog hrvatskog autora u svijetu, tema ovog rada. Nakon dugog razdoblja u kojem je stvaralaštvo Držića bilo zapostavljeno, adaptacija Marka Foteza i po njoj postavljena komedija na daskama zagrebačkog HNK 1938. godine, utrli su put njegovom "uskrsnuću". Iako Fotez krati originalnog Dunda, pojednostavljujući zastarjeli jezik pun dijalektizama i talijanskih fragmenata, dobija tročinku prilagođenu suvremenoj pozornici, obilježenu renesansnom radošću i poletom. Ta nova verzija komedije bila je temelj za većinu prijevoda na strane jezike, uključujući i dva ruska prijevoda – L.P. Solnceve iz 1955. godine (pod pseudonimom I.I. Petrova) i M.N. Vagapove iz 1980. godine. Uzevši u obzir vremensku, ali i povijesnu te kulturološku distancu s kojom su se suočile prevoditeljice na ruski jezik, zadaća ovog rada jest proanalizirati i usporediti prijevode kroz razne slojeve djela. Posebno je izazovno bilo usporediti prijevode imajući u vidu izrazito složenu jezičnu strukturu djela – mješavinu dubrovačkog govora, talijanskog, njemačkog, ali i mnoštva iskrivljenih replika. Jedno poglavlje posvećeno je i raznim ekspresivnim elementima komedije, kao što su usklici, frazeologija, te glazbeni fragmenti koje je Fotez dodatno istaknuo u svojoj adaptaciji. Osobiti izazov za prevoditelje svakako predstavlja lokalni te povijesni element komedije, odražen u realijama poput hrane, čestog motiva Pometovih monologa, ali i renesansnoj filozofiji – ideji hedonizma i Fortune. Analiza ruskih prijevoda ne zazire od političkog konteksta u kojima su nastajali, što je posebno zanimljivo zbog činjenice da su ruski prijevodi pisani u vrijeme Sovjetskog Saveza. Navedeni slojevi pokazali su različite tendencije u oba prijevoda, ...

The article deals with the prerequisites and establishment of the first Russia-Mexico contacts, which took place after the Crimean War (1853-1856). It was revealed that Mexico's interest in the collaboration with Russia began to reveal in a higher degree after the Crimean War. The factors, which had led to the diplomatic rapprochement of the two states, include the Mexico's search for allies in the contradiction to increased aggression of European states and the USA in the Central American region, and the increase of Russian intellectuals' emigration, resettlement of religious groups of the Old Russian sectarians to the region. At the turn of 19th – 20th centuries many Russian travelers and writers, such as S.D. Protopopov and K.D. Balmont, visited Mexico for the purpose of studying the culture of ancients Indians, who lived in Central America during many centuries before the Spanish colonization. Besides of the impressions on ancient Indian culture, these travelers described the life of ordinary Mexican people of that time. They mentioned their poverty and hopelessness in the years of Porfirio Dias's dictatorship. Nevertheless, political and cultural contacts had begun to established in the late 19th century between the Russian Empire and Mexico, because after the Crimean War the Mexico's interest to Russians increased. In addition, Russia tried to strengthen its position in Central American region. In total, these factors had led to the strengthening of political, social and cultural contacts between Russia and Mexico.

Annotation: the work aims is to show that the policy of enslaving the natives and/or providing them in the New World is a consequence of the political and legal battles within Spain between «The House of Columbus» and the «The House of Trastamara» before 1514. The work has resulted in an analysis of sources and texts translated from Spanish and Latin languages into Russian and English languages of the bulls of Pope Alexander VI of 1493, letters of Catholic kings, Laws prepared by the Junta of Burgos in 1512 and their additions – Laws prepared by the Junta of Valladolid in 1513. The chronological framework was compared and considered for the filing of lawsuits by Diego Columbus against Ferdinand II of Aragon and the further confrontation between the crown of Spain and the "The House of Columbus". The reasons for the struggle in 1511 in West India between the Franciscan Order and the Dominican Order were investigated. Keywords: Burgos laws 1512, laws of Burgos 1512, laws of Valladolid 1513, Amendments of Valladolid 1513, Encomienda, encomiendero, repartimiento, Diego Columbus, Catholic kings, Testament of Isabella, aboriginal slavery, West India, Hispaniola, The House of Trastamara, Ferdinand II of Aragon, Isabella I of Castile, Antonio de Montesinos, Antonio Montesino, Pedro de Cordova, Juan Fonseca, Franciscans, Dominicans, Franciscan Order, Dominican order, The House of Columbus, Spanish crown. Annotation: the work aims is to show that the policy of enslaving the natives and/or providing them in the New World is a consequence of the political and legal battles within Spain between «The House of Columbus» and the «The House of Trastamara» before 1514. The work has resulted in an analysis of sources and texts translated from Spanish and Latin languages into Russian and English languages of the bulls of Pope Alexander VI of 1493, letters of Catholic kings, Laws prepared by the Junta of Burgos in 1512 and their additions – Laws prepared by the Junta of Valladolid in 1513. The chronological framework was compared ...

В данной дипломной работе обсуждается французское влияние на Россию XVIII века. Оно проанализировано хронологически, начиная с XI века до конца XVIII века. Главная часть труда посвящена XVIII веку, когда французское воздействие являлось самым значительным. Целью данной работы является описание и объяснение взаимоотношений и взаимодействия России и Франции. Особое внимание уделено трем русским правителям XVIII века: Петру Великому, Елизавете Петровне и Екатерине II, так как во время правления этих трех императоров французский язык и французские культурные элементы укрепились в русском обществе, прежде всего среди русского дворянства. Первая часть посвящена отношениям двух стран до XVIII века, когда французское влияние еще было незначительным. Во второй части анализируется эпоха Петра Великого, который своими многочисленными общественными и государственными реформами европеизировал и преобразил Россию в корне. Следующая часть относится к культурному влиянию Франции при правлении двух императриц – Елизаветы Петровны и Екатерины II. В последней части акцент сделан на лингвистическом аспекте французского влияния на русский язык. ; Tema ovoga diplomskog rada je francuski utjecaj na Rusiju u 18. stoljeću. Analiza je provedena kronološki, od početka 11. do kraja 18. stoljeća. Glavni dio rada posvećen je 18. stoljeću, kada je francuski utjecaj bio najintenzivniji. Cilj ovoga rada je opisati i objasniti međusobne odnose i međusobni utjecaj Rusije i Francuske. Posebna pozornost posvećena je trima ruskim vladarima 18. stoljećа: Petru Velikom, Elizabeti Petrovni i Katarini Velikoj, budući da su se u vrijeme njihovih vladavina francuski jezik i francuski kulturni elementi ukorijenili u ruskom društvu, prvenstveno među ruskim plemstvom. U prvom poglavlju opisani su odnosi dviju drţava do 18. stoljeća, kada je francuski utjecaj još bio neznatan. U drugom poglavlju analizirana je epoha Petra Velikog, koji je svojim mnogobrojnim društvenim i drţavnim reformama europeizirao i iz korijena izmijenio rusko društvo. Sljedeći se dio odnosi na kulturni utjecaj Francuske za vrijeme dviju imperatorica – Elizabete Petrovne i Katarine Velike. U posljednjem poglavlju naglasak je stavljen na jezični aspekt francuskog utjecajа na ruski jezik. ; This paper discusses the French influence in Russia in the 18th century. The analysis was conducted chronologically, from the beginning of the 11th century to the end of the 18th century. The main part of the work is dedicated to the 18th century in which the French influence was most intense. The main objective of this paper is to describe and explain mutual relations and mutual influence of Russia and France. Special attention is paid to three Russian rulers in the 18th century: Peter the Great, Elizabeth Petrovna and Catherine the Great, because during their reigns the French language and French cultural elements took root in Russian society, especially among the Russian aristocracy. The first chapter describes the relations between two countries until the 18th century, when French influence was insignificant. The second chapter analyzes the period of Peter the Great, who with his manifold social and political reforms europeanised and thoroughly changed Russian society. The next part concerns the cultural influence of France during the reign of two empresses – Elizabeth Petrovna and Catherine the Great. The last chapter refers to the linguistic aspect of the French influence on the Russian language.