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Ontology was once understood to be the philosophical inquiry into the structure of reality: the analysis and categorization of 'what there is'. Recently, however, a field called 'ontology' has become part of the rapidly growing research industry in information technology. The two fields have more in common than just their name. "Theory and Applications of Ontology" is a two-volume anthology that aims to further an informed discussion about the relationship between ontology in philosophy and ontology in information technology. It fills an important lacuna in cutting-edge research on o

In Phillips v Director of Public Prosecutions, Witwatersrand Local Division 2003 (1) SACR 425 (CC), the High Court's finding that s 160(d) of the Liquor Act 1989 was unconstitutional came to the Constitutional Court for a confirmation of invalidity. Section 160(d) `made it an offence for any holder of an on-consumption licence who allowed any person (i) to perform an offensive, indecent or obscene act; or (ii) who was not clothed or not properly clothed, to perform or to appear, on a part of the licensed premised where entertainment of any nature was presented or to which the public had access' (at 430g-h). The court noted, per Yacoob J, that findings of invalidity would not be routinely confirmed (at 432b-c). The court is obligated to enter into a thorough investigation into the constitutionality of the legislative provision (at 432d). The court found it unsatisfactory that the relevant members of the executive provided no reasons for their decision not to oppose the application for confirmation of invalidity (at 432i-j). Under the separation of powers doctrine, the courts, and not the executive, must decide on the constitutionality of laws.