Suchergebnisse

Social or Cultural Anthropology, in the Western sense, is little known territory in parts of contemporary East Europe. It is the case in Lithuania where biological anthropology traditionally claims the term anthropology for itself. Lithuanian ethnology and sociology partially fill the void normally covered by anthropology. There were definite political, academic and practical factors that stunted the growth of anthropology in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to identify these factors, and to define the sphere and the field of research and instruction, that should be allocated to anthropology. I seek also to present the case for an urgent need of the discipline to be established in the educational, research and applied frontiers of contemporary Lithuanian society. It has been even more complicated to establish the importance and capability of socio-cultural anthropology as a separate field of endeavour vis-à-vis Lithuanian ethnology. While socio-cultural anthropology in the West examined the other and otherness, there was no political interest for a newly independent nation-state in a discipline with a wrong focus.

Social or Cultural Anthropology, in the Western sense, is little known territory in parts of contemporary East Europe. It is the case in Lithuania where biological anthropology traditionally claims the term anthropology for itself. Lithuanian ethnology and sociology partially fill the void normally covered by anthropology. There were definite political, academic and practical factors that stunted the growth of anthropology in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to identify these factors, and to define the sphere and the field of research and instruction, that should be allocated to anthropology. I seek also to present the case for an urgent need of the discipline to be established in the educational, research and applied frontiers of contemporary Lithuanian society. It has been even more complicated to establish the importance and capability of socio-cultural anthropology as a separate field of endeavour vis-à-vis Lithuanian ethnology. While socio-cultural anthropology in the West examined the other and otherness, there was no political interest for a newly independent nation-state in a discipline with a wrong focus.

Social or Cultural Anthropology, in the Western sense, is little known territory in parts of contemporary East Europe. It is the case in Lithuania where biological anthropology traditionally claims the term anthropology for itself. Lithuanian ethnology and sociology partially fill the void normally covered by anthropology. There were definite political, academic and practical factors that stunted the growth of anthropology in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to identify these factors, and to define the sphere and the field of research and instruction, that should be allocated to anthropology. I seek also to present the case for an urgent need of the discipline to be established in the educational, research and applied frontiers of contemporary Lithuanian society. It has been even more complicated to establish the importance and capability of socio-cultural anthropology as a separate field of endeavour vis-à-vis Lithuanian ethnology. While socio-cultural anthropology in the West examined the other and otherness, there was no political interest for a newly independent nation-state in a discipline with a wrong focus.

The present day understanding would state that in a context of studies of anthropological, visual studies any view is an equivalent expression of cultural discourse that is why approaching to culture through analysis of a film also may be successfully applied in knowing different cultural models around or even in our own societies. The first theoretical part is dedicated to review a conception of sexuality in a context of western culture: essencelisation vs constructionalism. The second part is dedicated to analysis sexuality as social construction in the discourse of power. M. Foucault is being introduced who underlines sexuality as a social construct in a discourse of power, processes of suppression of sexuality are being analysed as well as outcomes of the process. In a changing society, understanding of the world, new comprehensions concerning traditional conceptions of sexual roles, manifestations and transformation of sexuality as a social construct are being formed. After reviewing Lithuanian cinematography, we notice the changing expression of sexual images, roles, intercommunication. Forms of sexuality which were replaced out of public discourse, normative definitions of proper behaviour earlier, in a present period are simply being reproduced, revitalised – thus constructing a vision of transformation.

The present day understanding would state that in a context of studies of anthropological, visual studies any view is an equivalent expression of cultural discourse that is why approaching to culture through analysis of a film also may be successfully applied in knowing different cultural models around or even in our own societies. The first theoretical part is dedicated to review a conception of sexuality in a context of western culture: essencelisation vs constructionalism. The second part is dedicated to analysis sexuality as social construction in the discourse of power. M. Foucault is being introduced who underlines sexuality as a social construct in a discourse of power, processes of suppression of sexuality are being analysed as well as outcomes of the process. In a changing society, understanding of the world, new comprehensions concerning traditional conceptions of sexual roles, manifestations and transformation of sexuality as a social construct are being formed. After reviewing Lithuanian cinematography, we notice the changing expression of sexual images, roles, intercommunication. Forms of sexuality which were replaced out of public discourse, normative definitions of proper behaviour earlier, in a present period are simply being reproduced, revitalised – thus constructing a vision of transformation.

The present day understanding would state that in a context of studies of anthropological, visual studies any view is an equivalent expression of cultural discourse that is why approaching to culture through analysis of a film also may be successfully applied in knowing different cultural models around or even in our own societies. The first theoretical part is dedicated to review a conception of sexuality in a context of western culture: essencelisation vs constructionalism. The second part is dedicated to analysis sexuality as social construction in the discourse of power. M. Foucault is being introduced who underlines sexuality as a social construct in a discourse of power, processes of suppression of sexuality are being analysed as well as outcomes of the process. In a changing society, understanding of the world, new comprehensions concerning traditional conceptions of sexual roles, manifestations and transformation of sexuality as a social construct are being formed. After reviewing Lithuanian cinematography, we notice the changing expression of sexual images, roles, intercommunication. Forms of sexuality which were replaced out of public discourse, normative definitions of proper behaviour earlier, in a present period are simply being reproduced, revitalised – thus constructing a vision of transformation.

Evaluation of public policy has been applied in Lithuania only recently, and a certain impact of this tool is noted while administering the support of the EU Structural and Cohesion Funds. However, the information about evaluation has not been perfect yet. Evaluation is institutionalized in the Lithuanian administration system. An evaluator is a new social role, and, as we know from anthropology and sociology, rights, duties, expectations, etc. are typical for any role. In addition, the role of an evaluator is related to other roles, i.e. politicians, administrators or citizens. Rules of behaviour exist for any given pair of relationship or the norms and corresponding configurations of power; thus not only time, but also will is necessary to include evaluation into the agenda. In the process of evaluation consolidation, the evaluator has the right to ask specific questions and demand for certain information and charge the people to use evaluation results. While analyzing the development of the evaluation function, it is important to know how evaluation influence appears, mediates, is blocked or develops or, speaking instrumentally, how the influence of any evaluation may be increased. The research on policy evaluation, as well as many other retrospective instruments of public policy, faces the lack of data.

Evaluation of public policy has been applied in Lithuania only recently, and a certain impact of this tool is noted while administering the support of the EU Structural and Cohesion Funds. However, the information about evaluation has not been perfect yet. Evaluation is institutionalized in the Lithuanian administration system. An evaluator is a new social role, and, as we know from anthropology and sociology, rights, duties, expectations, etc. are typical for any role. In addition, the role of an evaluator is related to other roles, i.e. politicians, administrators or citizens. Rules of behaviour exist for any given pair of relationship or the norms and corresponding configurations of power; thus not only time, but also will is necessary to include evaluation into the agenda. In the process of evaluation consolidation, the evaluator has the right to ask specific questions and demand for certain information and charge the people to use evaluation results. While analyzing the development of the evaluation function, it is important to know how evaluation influence appears, mediates, is blocked or develops or, speaking instrumentally, how the influence of any evaluation may be increased. The research on policy evaluation, as well as many other retrospective instruments of public policy, faces the lack of data.

Evaluation of public policy has been applied in Lithuania only recently, and a certain impact of this tool is noted while administering the support of the EU Structural and Cohesion Funds. However, the information about evaluation has not been perfect yet. Evaluation is institutionalized in the Lithuanian administration system. An evaluator is a new social role, and, as we know from anthropology and sociology, rights, duties, expectations, etc. are typical for any role. In addition, the role of an evaluator is related to other roles, i.e. politicians, administrators or citizens. Rules of behaviour exist for any given pair of relationship or the norms and corresponding configurations of power; thus not only time, but also will is necessary to include evaluation into the agenda. In the process of evaluation consolidation, the evaluator has the right to ask specific questions and demand for certain information and charge the people to use evaluation results. While analyzing the development of the evaluation function, it is important to know how evaluation influence appears, mediates, is blocked or develops or, speaking instrumentally, how the influence of any evaluation may be increased. The research on policy evaluation, as well as many other retrospective instruments of public policy, faces the lack of data.

Evaluation of public policy has been applied in Lithuania only recently, and a certain impact of this tool is noted while administering the support of the EU Structural and Cohesion Funds. However, the information about evaluation has not been perfect yet. Evaluation is institutionalized in the Lithuanian administration system. An evaluator is a new social role, and, as we know from anthropology and sociology, rights, duties, expectations, etc. are typical for any role. In addition, the role of an evaluator is related to other roles, i.e. politicians, administrators or citizens. Rules of behaviour exist for any given pair of relationship or the norms and corresponding configurations of power; thus not only time, but also will is necessary to include evaluation into the agenda. In the process of evaluation consolidation, the evaluator has the right to ask specific questions and demand for certain information and charge the people to use evaluation results. While analyzing the development of the evaluation function, it is important to know how evaluation influence appears, mediates, is blocked or develops or, speaking instrumentally, how the influence of any evaluation may be increased. The research on policy evaluation, as well as many other retrospective instruments of public policy, faces the lack of data.