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Since 2010, number of political uprisings took place in the Arab countries which so called The Arab Spring (at-Thawrât al-'Arabiyyah). The fall of regimes such as in Tunis, Egypt, and Libya, following the massive resistance of people was actually reflect the crisis of legitimacy and the weakness of authority of many political leaders in the region. Moreover, the loyalty of many people in the Arab countries to their leaders was also problematic decision when it has to deal with their primordial affiliations such as ashabiyah, wathanniyah, qaummiyah and ummah. The Arab Spring is a very important political movement which taught us lessons that both leadership and national character building are unfinished and will never be end as a process. This phenomenon also emphasized the importance of political system to be adaptive to the dynamic of domestic political situation and international atmosphere as well. The failure to adapt towards such conditions will causes to the fall of the ruling power.

Kristian Coates Ulrichsen provides a full examination of Qatar's startling rise to regional and international prominence and describes how its distinct policy stance toward the Arab Spring emerged. In only a decade, Qatari policy-makers - led by the Emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and the Prime Minister, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim Al-Thani - catapulted Qatar from a sleepy backwater to a regional power with truly international reach.

This book analyzes the nature of the relationship between religion and politics by using democracy in the Muslim world and the phenomenon of the Arab Spring as a case study. Esposito, Sonn, and Voll provide valuable insight into the issues of equality, economic justice, and democratic participation that each opposition movement has raised and continues to grapple with, both in the throes of revolution and in its aftermath.

After the Arab Spring : a new wave of transitional justice? / Kirsten J. Fisher and Robert Stewart -- 1. The Arab world after the popular uprisings : a spirit restored? / Bassel F. Salloukh -- 2. Building a future, exhuming the past : the struggles for accountability in the wake of regional uprisings / Anne Massagee -- 3. Transitional justice in the wake of the Arab uprisings : between complexity and standardization / Habib Nassar -- 4. Difficult but ultimately rewarding : lessons from transitional justice in Latin America / Andrew G. Reiter -- 5. The costs of avoiding transitional justice : lessons from Lebanon / Ora Szekely -- 6. Risks and rewards : lessons from Central and Eastern Europe's transitional justice experiences / Klaus Bachmann, Robert Stewart and Kirsten J. Fisher -- 7. Challenges of representation and inclusion : a case study of Islamist groups in transitional justice / Line Khatib -- 8. Transitional justice and the Arab Spring from a gender perspective / Elham Manea -- 9. Egypt and the struggle for accountability and justice / Michael Wahid Hanna -- 10. Justice after the war : the International Criminal Court and post-Gaddafi Libya / Mark Kersten -- 11. Selectivity, legitimacy and the pursuit of post-Arab Spring international criminal justice / Kirsten J. Fisher -- 12. Transitions in the Middle East and North Africa : new trajectories and challenges for transitional justice? / Hugo van der Merwe.

It has been more a decade since people across the Arab world rose up in revolt against their governments, demanding political empowerment, social reform and economic improvement. Pro-democracy protests, as they were called in common parlance, which spread rapidly through the mobilisation of social media calls, ended up overthrowing long-standing authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen and Libya. That gave rise to hope for a more representative future, as well as economic reforms, after decades of mismanagement and stagnation. However, such hopes were quickly dispelled, as the political vacuum created by the elimination of regional dictatorships deepened fractures in many of these societies along ethnic, religious and tribal fault lines. As Islamists and secularists jockeyed for power, Egypt's brief alliance with democracy was halted by a neo-militarist, counter-revolutionary takeover. Tunisia is a notable exception, where both factions in political society have resolved to settle their differences through dialogue and set the tone for democratic politics, while the country is struggling with economic growth and transformation. Very little, if anything, has changed in Yemen, Libya and Syria, where long-drawn and bloody civil wars are raging. The monarchies of the Gulf have not been untouched, but remain markedly unchanged.

This book explores specific problems related to the phenomenon of the Arab Spring in North Africa. These topics include sexual minorities, youth, and gender issues, as well as broader themes covering the ideological, social, political, and religious backgrounds of the Arab Spring.

"The self-immolation of Mohammed Bouazizi in Tunisia in December 2010 heralded the arrival of the 'Arab Spring,' a startling, yet not unprecedented, era of profound social and political upheaval. The meme of the Arab Spring is characterised by bottom-up change, or the lack thereof, and its effects are still unfurling today. The Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring seeks to provide a departure point for ongoing discussion of a fluid phenomenon on a plethora of topics, including: - Contexts and contests of democratisation - The sweep of the Arab Spring - Egypt - Women and the Arab Spring - Agents of change and the technology of protest - Impact of the Arab Spring in the wider Middle East and further afield Collating a wide array of viewpoints, specialisms, biases, and degrees of proximity and distance from events that shook the Arab world to its core, the Handbook is written with the reader in mind, to provide students, practitioners, diplomats, policy-makers and lay readers with contextualization and knowledge, and to set the stage for further discussion of the Arab Spring"--

"Killing the Arab Spring" tells the stories of the Arab Spring uprising in 15 Middle East states, from the point of view of a secular Middle Eastern political analyst familiar with the politics, the culture of the people and the history of the area.

This volume analyzes the political, economic and strategic dimensions of the recent upheavals in the Middle East known as the Arab Spring.Mass demonstrations in many Arab states challenged the political status quo and the existing political and cultural system in the region. While it is too early to offer a definitive analysis of the impact of the widespread discontent in the Arab world, the trajectory of the events indicates regime change in several states, containment of political unrest in most states, increase in Islamic tendencies, centrifugal tendencies in a number of political

The Arab Spring dramatically increased investors' perceptions of political risk in MENA. An examination of these perceptions indicates long-run optimism that political transitions in the region -- if democratic and coupled with political stability -- could increase FDI and contribute to MENA's economic development.

1. The shari'a state and Western scholarship : the reality of the Islamist shari'atization of politics that seeks a name -- 2. The shari'a state is not the faith of Islam : shari'a and politics -- 3. The challenge of the Islamist shari'a state to international order : torn between the Westphalian synthesis, Pax Americana and Pax Islamica -- 4. Shari'a and Islamism in the 'Arab Spring' : from the promise of a blossoming spring to a frosty and lethal winter -- 5. From traditional shari'a reasoning to Islamist shari'atization of politics in the post-Arab Spring -- 6. Torn between combating prejudice and the accusation of Islamophobia : the shari'a state and policing speech in the debate 'Whither Islamic civilization?'.

Chapter 1 The Structure of Arab Society: Tribes and Artificial States -- chapter 2 The Ottoman Heritage -- chapter 3 Authoritarian Rule in the Islamic World -- chapter 4 The Caliphate and the Ideal of the Islamic State -- chapter 5 The Globalization of Information and the World Media -- chapter 6 Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Pakistan, and the Republican Model -- chapter 7 Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States, Morocco, Jordan, and the Monarchical Model -- chapter 8 Syria, Libya, Yemen, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Tribal Model -- chapter 9 Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and the Shi{u2019}ite Model -- chapter 10 Algeria, Mali, Sudan, Somalia, the Palestinians, and the Revolutionary Model.

The 2011 Arab uprisings represented the collapse of old ruling bargains across the Arab world and the manifestation of demands for new premises of rule. The book is divided into two parts. The first part is designed to contextualize the Arab Spring, while the second focuses on individual case studies.