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This article advances the theoretical integration between securitization theory and the framing approach, resulting in a set of criteria hereby called security framing. It seeks to make a twofold contribution: to sharpen the study of the ideational elements that underlie the construction of threats, and to advance towards a greater assessment of the audience's preferences. The case study under examination is the 2011 military intervention of the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council in Bahrain. The security framing of this case will help illuminate the dynamics at play in one of the most important recent events in Gulf politics.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Author's Note -- Introduction -- The Psychology of the Arab-Iranian Relationship -- Seeds of the Arab-Iranian Historical Relationship -- Chapter 1: Why Studying Arab-Iranian Relations Matters -- Introduction -- What Went Wrong in Arab-Iranian Relations -- The Pivotal Historical Developments in Arab-Iranian Relations -- The First Historical Development, the Collapse of the Sassanian Empire into the Hands of the Arab Muslim Conquerors -- Second, the Dropping of the Pahlavi Script and Adopting of the Arabic One -- Third, the 16th-Century Saffavid Conversion to Shi'ism -- Perceptions and Politics: A Result of Historical Memory -- Contemporary Arab-Iranian Relations: Factors and Facets -- The First Reason - Sectarianism -- The Second Reason - The Debates Surrounding the Formation and Concept of a Religious State -- The Third Reason - Political Islam -- The Four Stages of Arab-Iranian Relations Since the 1979 Revolution -- The First Stage: 1980-1990 -- The Second Stage: 1991-2000 -- The Third Stage: 2000-2010 -- The Fourth Stage: 2011-2021 - A Brief Introduction to the Focus of the Book -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Iran and the Arab Uprising: The Immediate Reaction -- Introduction -- The Internal Interpretation of the Arab Uprising -- Challenges and Aspirations of the Iranian Attempt at Leadership -- Iranian Foreign Policy and the Arab Uprising -- Act One: The Arab Uprising as an "Invocation" for Iran -- Act Two: The Tides Reversed against Iran -- Egypt -- Saudi Arabia and the Gulf -- Syria -- Looking Ahead -- Chapter 3: The People over the Power: The Cases of Bahrain, Libya, Tunisia, and Egypt -- Introduction -- Understanding the Iranian Rhetoric: Differing Reactions? -- Iran between Political Islam and the Arab Revolutions.

Türkiye'nin PKK ile mücadelesi ve daha genel olarak Kürt sorunu, 1980'lerden itibaren ulus - lararası gelişmelerden etkilenen konular olmuştur. 2010'da Tunus'ta başlayan ve kısa zamanda çeşitli Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Doğu ülkelerine yayılan Arap Baharı da son yıllarda Kürdistan İşçi Partisi'nin (PKK) aldığı çeşitli kararları ve örgütün davranışlarını önemli ölçüde şekil - lendirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Arap Baharının PKK ve Kürt sorunu ile ilgili bölgesel ve Türkiye içi dinamikleri nasıl etkilediğini, PKK'nın karar alma süreçleri çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Makalede öncelikle Arap Baharı'nın Kürt sorununu kavramsal olarak nasıl etkilediği üzerin de durulmakta, daha sonra Suriye'de yaşanan iç çatışmaların, PKK'da ve daha genel olarak Kürt sorunu üzerinde neden olduğu değişiklikler tartışılmaktadır. Son olarak, Türkiye'de Kürt sorununun çözüm süreci ile ilgili hız kazanan gelişmeler, Arap Baharı çerçevesinde değerlen - dirilmektedir ; Since the 1980s, international developments have always influenced Turkey's Kurdish question in general and the country's struggle with the PKK in particular. Arab Spring, which started in Tunisia in 2010 and quickly spread to several countries of the Middle East and North Af - rica, also significantly shaped the various decisions of the PKK, as well as Turkey's policies to resolve the Kurdish Question in recent years. This paper examines how the Arab Spring has influenced domestic and regional dynamics of the PKK and the Kurdish Question within the framework of the PKK's decision making processes. First, the paper explores how the Arab Spring has conceptually had an impact on the Kurdish question. Then, it presents a discussion about how the internal violence taking place in Syria has led to changes both in the PKK and on the evolution of the Kurdish question in general. Finally, the paper discusses Turkey's recent efforts to resolve the Kurdish question within the context of the Arab Spring

This collection examines the relationship between mass movements and the military. Some argue that it is impossible to achieve and protect a revolution without the support of the army, but how can the support of the army be won? Arms and the People explores the impact of social extremes on the solidarity within the state's military, and on the changing loyalties of these soldiers. The authors examine a series of historical moments in which a crisis in the military has reflected deep instability in the wider world, including Russia in 1917, Egypt during the Arab Spring, the Paris Commune, as well as long-standing instability in Venezuela and Indonesia, amongst many others. Including a range of international authors who have either studied or been directly involved in such social upheavals, Arms and the People is a pioneering contribution to the study of revolutionary change.

The wave of protests and populist uprisings in the Middle East has heightened the focus on a volatile region. But the emphasis on political issues has obscured underlying issues concerning education, infrastructure, research, innovation, entrepreneurship and sustainable environmental and social development. This volume, emerging in the aftermath of a conference and workshop on science and technology in the region, presents contributions from a range of experts from the Middle East, Europe, and the world to provide fresh new insights and perspectives on the challenges and prospects for regional development in the changing global context of our time. The authors explore such topics as: the role of information and communication technologies; mindset change in support of investment in intangible assets and risk-taking; how to approach cultural issues, institutions and governance; collaborations with other regions, and; benchmarking performance while drawing lessons of relevance for the special local context. Ultimately, they offer a number of precise policy recommendations and practical insights for creating an enabling environment for capturing economic, political, and social opportunity.

The wave of protests and populist uprisings in the Middle East has heightened the focus on a volatile region. But the emphasis on political issues has obscured underlying issues concerning education, infrastructure, research, innovation, entrepreneurship and sustainable economic and social development. This volume, emerging in the aftermath of a conference and workshop on science and technology in the region, presents contributions from a range of experts from the Middle East, Europe, and the United States to provide fresh new insights and perspectives on the challenges and prospects for regio