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Science and the Arabs: opportunities and challenges
In: Contemporary Arab affairs, Band 4, Heft 2, S. 190-207
ISSN: 1755-0920
Tunisians and Egyptians sought recently to transform their political culture. Their political economy has rendered it impossible to develop the scientific infrastructure needed to benefit from science. This paper shows that, by comparison with China and India, the Arabs in 1999 had a substantially higher level of university enrolment, per million inhabitants abroad and at home; and were ahead in per capita R&D output. Yet both China and India were able to take off with these resources while the Arab countries were left behind. The research output of the Arab countries increased about 50-fold over the period 1967–2010. Egypt, the GCC and the Maghreb are in the lead, and the leading countries are Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia. Yet Arab governments provide minimal support to R&D at 0.2% of GNP and few countries have recently increased support to R&D. The paper discusses their research output as well international collaboration.
Where are the Arabs?
In: Survival: global politics and strategy, Band 40, Heft 2, S. 177-180
ISSN: 0039-6338
The Muslim Brotherhood in the post-Arab Spring scenario: Alliance rebuilding and Strategies of Survival ; Los Hermanos Musulmanes en el escenario Pos-Primavera Árabe: recomposición de alianzas y estrategias de supervivencia
The Muslim Brotherhood, already 90 years old in 2018, have already experienced other periods of repression, illegalization and exile (in the 50-60s in Egypt as well as in the 60-70s in Syria). However, what is particular to the current wave of repression and persecution is the context of great convulsion and geostrategic maneuvering, marked by the outbreak of several armed conflicts in the Middle East and a visible authoritarian regression, not only throughout the region but also in Europe, Israel and America. These wars and blockades are creating counter-intuitive alliances and ideological contradictions, which in turn have an impact on the Islamist camp. They affect both Sunni and Chia, peaceful and violent Islamist groups, as well as and their respective interactions. This article intends to shed light on the new strategies the Muslim Brotherhood is adopting, not only in the Middle East but also in the West, in order to escape from the pressure exerted by an increasingly large group of countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates among them) as well as the dilemma their members face of radicalization and absorption into Yihadist Salafism. We use as methodological tool a dense description of events to analyze the changes in the Muslim Brotherhood's ideological orientations and strategic choices. ; Los Hermanos Musulmanes, que cumplen 90 años en 2018, han vivido ya otros periodos de ilegalización, represión y exilio (años 50-60 en Egipto; años 60 y 70 y el periodo pos-1982 en Siria). Sin embargo, lo singular de los sucesos actuales es que se producen en un momento de gran convulsión y agitación geoestratégica, en un escenario pos-Primavera Árabe caracterizado por el estallido de conflictos armados y bloqueos económicos en la región, así como por una regresión autoritaria palpable no solo en Egipto, Turquía o Israel, sino también fuera de la región. Las guerras y bloqueos están generando alianzas contranatura y contradicciones ideológicas que repercuten sobre el campo islamista. Un campo revuelto por cambios que afectan a fuerzas suníes y chiíes, pacíficas y violentas, así como a sus relaciones recíprocas. Este artículo pretende aportar luz sobre las nuevas estrategias y alianzas de supervivencia que están desplegando los Hermanos Musulmanes, tanto en Oriente Medio como en Occidente para escapar, tanto a la tenaza ejercida por un grupo de Estados cada vez más numeroso (Egipto, Arabia Saudí y los Emiratos, entre ellos), como al peligro de radicalización y absorción de sus miembros que presenta el salafismo yihadista. Utilizamos para ello una descripción densa e informada para analizar los cambios en el posicionamiento ideológico y las decisiones estratégicas de los Hermanos Musulmanes.
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Unrest and State Response in Arab Monarchies
In: Mediterranean quarterly: a journal of global issues, Band 24, Heft 2, S. 5-38
ISSN: 1527-1935
The turmoil associated with the Arab Spring in the region's eight monarchies has received comparatively modest attention because, aside from Bahrain, the demonstrations were mostly small and nonconfrontational, there were few calls to overthrow the regimes, and states' coercive powers were applied with relative moderation. Behind these generalizations, however, lies a more complex reality: the extent of the strife was quite different, as were state actions to counter them across the eight cases. What explains these disparities? This essay argues that the differences in the levels of unrest are largely illuminated by varying degrees of societal support for monarchical regimes, deep-seated societal cleavages, and the deficiencies of political mobilization. The variation in state responses, in turn, is mainly explained by divergent financial resources, the quality of political leadership, and external diplomatic, financial, and security assistance.
Women's activism and new media in the Arab world
"Following the Arab Spring events in 2011, a number of important women's social movements as well as female figures and online communities emerged to create positive change and demand equality with men. In Women's Activism and New Media in the Arab World author Ahmed Al-Rawi discusses and maps out new feminist movements, organizations, and trends, assessing the influence of new media technologies on them and the impact of both on the values and culture of the Middle East. Due to the participation of many women in the events of the Arab Spring, he argues, a new image of Middle Eastern women has emerged in the West. As a result of social media, women have generally become more effective in expressing their views and better connected with each other, yet at the same time some women have been inhibited since many conservative circles use these new technologies to maintain their power. Overall, however, Al-Rawi argues that social media and new mobile technologies are assisting in creating changes that are predominately positive. Often assisted by these new technologies, the real change makers are women who have clear agencies and high hopes and aspirations to create a better future for themselves"--
David Govrin, The Journey to the Arab Spring: The Ideological Roots of the Middle East Upheaval in Arab Liberal Thought (Portland, Oreg.: Vallentine Mitchell, 2014). Pp. 349. $89.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780853039174
In: International journal of Middle East studies: IJMES, Band 47, Heft 4, S. 846-848
ISSN: 1471-6380
CSW Newsletter Spring 1990
The Spring 1990 CSW Newsletter features articles on Carole Pateman's research on feminist political theory and various upcoming feminist research seminars.
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Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood and the January 25 revolution: new political party, new circumstances
In: Contemporary Arab affairs: Šuʾūn ʿarabīya muʿāṣira, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 214-229
ISSN: 1755-0912
World Affairs Online
Lessons of the Iraqi De-Ba'athification Program for Iraq's Future and the Arab Revolutions
This monograph considers both the future of Iraq and the differences and similarities between events in Iraq and the Arab Spring states. The author analyzes the nature of Iraqi de-Ba'athification and carefully evaluates the rationales and results of actions taken by both Americans and Iraqis involved in the process. While there are many differences between the formation of Iraq's post-Saddam Hussein government and the current efforts of some Arab Spring governing bodies to restructure their political institutions, it is possible to identify parallels between Iraq and Arab Spring countries. As in Iraq, new Arab Spring governments will have to apportion power, build or reform key institutions, establish political legitimacy for those institutions, and accommodate the enhanced expectations of their publics in a post-revolutionary environment. A great deal can go wrong in these circumstances, and any lessons that can be gleaned from earlier conflicts will be of considerable value to those nations facing these problems, as well as their regional and extra-regional allies seeking to help them. Moreover, officers and senior noncommissioned officers of the U.S. Army must realize that they may often have unique opportunities and unique credibility to offer advice on the lessons of Iraq to their counterparts in some of the Arab Spring nations. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1553/thumbnail.jpg
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Stadtentwicklungsplan Heidelberg 2010, 2010
In: Heidelberger Nachhaltigkeitsbericht 2004
Index to 2010/Index 2010
In: Canadian public policy: Analyse de politiques, Band 36, Heft 4, S. 543-545
ISSN: 1911-9917
What goes around, comes around?
In: The journal of North African studies, Band 26, Heft 1, S. 1-7
ISSN: 1362-9387
World Affairs Online
An American in Cairo: Egypt through Western eyes
In: Foreign affairs, Band 98, Heft 5, S. 210-215
ISSN: 0015-7120
World Affairs Online
Rethinking the Tunisian miracle: a party politics view
In: Democratization, Band 25, Heft 5, S. 787-803
ISSN: 1743-890X
World Affairs Online