Suchergebnisse

This study aims at making possible the effective use of machine translation (MT) in interpreting the Malay compounds into Arabic ones following the structure and Arabic style. The necessity of this study arises on account of the weakness of translation quality using online MT and the lack of suitable methods to structure the compounds from the Malay language into Arabic. There are three objectives of this study which are to collect the results of Malay compound translations using online MT into Arabic, analyze the results of the compound translations, and suggest compound translation methods based on dynamic theory and Arabization method. The study uses three online MT as instruments to translate: Google Translate, Microsoft Bing Translator, and Yandex Translator. This qualitative study employs a descriptive approach and analysis method in collecting information and analyzing data. The study focuses on 15 Malay compounds which are later categorized into school names, hospital names, and clinics. The findings of translation have been drawn using the next three MTs and analyzed at three main level: namely grammar level, phonetics and phonology level, and dynamic translation level. From this analysis, 4 out of 15 compound nouns translations data into Arabic are categorized as poor translations for not approaching the structure and Arabic style. In the final stages, the results of the translation collected are formulated and suggested alternative translations based on dynamic theory and methods of Arabization and compound restructuring formula in Arabic. Through this process, the translation results of the compounds can be categorized as translations that can meet the structure and style of the Arabic language. The compound translation model can be proposed as a new translation method for Arabic language users, especially the Arabic translators and students both at school and higher education.

Introduction: History of A Coptic Imagination -- Lamenting Islam: Copto-Arabic Maledictions of An Assimilated People -- Fertile as Sheep: Medieval Islamic-Arabic Representations of Copts -- Imagining Conversion: Coptic Caliphs and the New Muslim Martyrs -- The Pope's Mangled Genitals: Persecution and Suffering in the Coptic Consciousness -- Conclusions: Remembering Copticness.

International audience ; Scholars have depicted the Arabization and Islamization of Sudan either as two parallel, centuries-long processes or as a set of interrelated state policies in the postcolonial era. This article contributes new chronological and empirical insights into the growing conflation of Arabic, Arabness and Islam in twentieth-century Sudan. First, it locates state efforts at Arabizing and Islamizing the South one decade before independence (1956) within the context of British imperial retreat and Northern Sudanese empowerment. Second, it examines how language and religion were increasingly enmeshed in cultural representations and school practices, even if the two were strategically distinguished in political discourses. The article assesses Southern Sudanese experience of forceful Arabization and Islamization, suggesting that cultural definitions of the nation and the access to educational, political and economic resources remain at the heart of the current citizenship crisis in Sudan and South Sudan. ; Les historiens du Soudan ont décrit l'arabisation et l'islamisation du pays comme deux processus parallèles sur la longue durée ou comme des politiques étatiques étroitement liées à l'ère postcoloniale. Cet article apporte un nouvel éclairage chronologique et empirique sur l'intrication croissante de l'arabe, de l'arabité et de l'islam dans le Soudan du XXe siècle. Il situe les politiques d'arabisation et d'islamisation du Sud une décennie avant l'indépendance (1956), dans le contexte du retrait impérial britannique et de la montée en puissance des élites nord-soudanaises. L'analyse montre que si les représentations culturelles et les pratiques scolaires alimentèrent la confusion entre langue et religion, elles coexistaient avec des stratégies politiques visant à dissocier arabe et islam. L'article évalue le vécu sud-soudanais de l'arabisation et de l'islamisation imposées, suggérant que les définitions culturelles de la nation et l'accès aux ressources éducatives, politiques et économiques ...

International audience ; Scholars have depicted the Arabization and Islamization of Sudan either as two parallel, centuries-long processes or as a set of interrelated state policies in the postcolonial era. This article contributes new chronological and empirical insights into the growing conflation of Arabic, Arabness and Islam in twentieth-century Sudan. First, it locates state efforts at Arabizing and Islamizing the South one decade before independence (1956) within the context of British imperial retreat and Northern Sudanese empowerment. Second, it examines how language and religion were increasingly enmeshed in cultural representations and school practices, even if the two were strategically distinguished in political discourses. The article assesses Southern Sudanese experience of forceful Arabization and Islamization, suggesting that cultural definitions of the nation and the access to educational, political and economic resources remain at the heart of the current citizenship crisis in Sudan and South Sudan. ; Les historiens du Soudan ont décrit l'arabisation et l'islamisation du pays comme deux processus parallèles sur la longue durée ou comme des politiques étatiques étroitement liées à l'ère postcoloniale. Cet article apporte un nouvel éclairage chronologique et empirique sur l'intrication croissante de l'arabe, de l'arabité et de l'islam dans le Soudan du XXe siècle. Il situe les politiques d'arabisation et d'islamisation du Sud une décennie avant l'indépendance (1956), dans le contexte du retrait impérial britannique et de la montée en puissance des élites nord-soudanaises. L'analyse montre que si les représentations culturelles et les pratiques scolaires alimentèrent la confusion entre langue et religion, elles coexistaient avec des stratégies politiques visant à dissocier arabe et islam. L'article évalue le vécu sud-soudanais de l'arabisation et de l'islamisation imposées, suggérant que les définitions culturelles de la nation et l'accès aux ressources éducatives, politiques et économiques demeurent au cœur de la crise actuelle de la citoyenneté au Soudan et au Soudan du Sud.