For the third year in a row on 6th April, the Lithuanian Architects' Union opened the 24-exhibit exhibition contest for creative drawings \"Shocked Architecture\" and announced the winners. The subject of the contest posed the question of how to contemplate and visualise the dramatically changing ecological, social, cultural, political and economic circumstances under which architecture exists. Throughout the history of the contest, this subject has never attracted such a wide array of student outlooks, with this year's works being both aesthetically and intellectually intense. Because of such strong and multifaceted potential shown in the pieces, the commission had the particularly complicated task of picking out the authors worthy of the main and consolation prizes. The first prize was awarded to the creation that was declared the most conceptually pure, submitted by Gabriele Cerniavskaja, a third-year student at the Faculty of Architecture in VGTU, inspired by a \"shocking\" discovery on the wall of a building at Boksto g. 12A.
For the third year in a row on 6th April, the Lithuanian Architects' Union opened the 24-exhibit exhibition contest for creative drawings \"Shocked Architecture\" and announced the winners. The subject of the contest posed the question of how to contemplate and visualise the dramatically changing ecological, social, cultural, political and economic circumstances under which architecture exists. Throughout the history of the contest, this subject has never attracted such a wide array of student outlooks, with this year's works being both aesthetically and intellectually intense. Because of such strong and multifaceted potential shown in the pieces, the commission had the particularly complicated task of picking out the authors worthy of the main and consolation prizes. The first prize was awarded to the creation that was declared the most conceptually pure, submitted by Gabriele Cerniavskaja, a third-year student at the Faculty of Architecture in VGTU, inspired by a \"shocking\" discovery on the wall of a building at Boksto g. 12A.
Master Thesis is focused on the culture and politics in Singapore's landscape architecture. The aim of the work is to analyze how Singapore's landscape architecture is presented in the photographs on the official website of the Singapore Tourism Board. Tasks of the work: to present the framework of semiotic and cultural geography theories; to discuss the political and ideological context in which Singapore's landscape architecture is being shaped; to form the analytical tool by using the examples of the methodology of semiotic analysis and the principles of cultural geography; to carry out a detailed analysis of the landscape architecture depicted in the photographs; to provide analytical results that will detail the representation of the culture and politics through the landscape architecture. With the help of synthesis of two sets of cultural research tools (semiotics and cultural geography), a unique instrument of analysis has been developed, which has proven that landscape architecture in Singapore can be regarded as representational material emphasizing the specific cultural and political aspects of the country, as it is formed on the basis of the strategic measures being implemented by the government. The analysis has shown how landscape architectural objects work by transmitting encoded systems of meanings that not only provide information about the location, but also culturally and politically mobilize the society using these objects. The Master thesis and the created semiotic analysis tool for landscape architecture could be useful to researchers in architecture and communication, who are planning to carry out a semiotic analysis of landscape architecture, as well as for scholars of Transcultural studies of Asia interested in Singapore cultural research.
Master Thesis is focused on the culture and politics in Singapore's landscape architecture. The aim of the work is to analyze how Singapore's landscape architecture is presented in the photographs on the official website of the Singapore Tourism Board. Tasks of the work: to present the framework of semiotic and cultural geography theories; to discuss the political and ideological context in which Singapore's landscape architecture is being shaped; to form the analytical tool by using the examples of the methodology of semiotic analysis and the principles of cultural geography; to carry out a detailed analysis of the landscape architecture depicted in the photographs; to provide analytical results that will detail the representation of the culture and politics through the landscape architecture. With the help of synthesis of two sets of cultural research tools (semiotics and cultural geography), a unique instrument of analysis has been developed, which has proven that landscape architecture in Singapore can be regarded as representational material emphasizing the specific cultural and political aspects of the country, as it is formed on the basis of the strategic measures being implemented by the government. The analysis has shown how landscape architectural objects work by transmitting encoded systems of meanings that not only provide information about the location, but also culturally and politically mobilize the society using these objects. The Master thesis and the created semiotic analysis tool for landscape architecture could be useful to researchers in architecture and communication, who are planning to carry out a semiotic analysis of landscape architecture, as well as for scholars of Transcultural studies of Asia interested in Singapore cultural research.
Master Thesis is focused on the culture and politics in Singapore's landscape architecture. The aim of the work is to analyze how Singapore's landscape architecture is presented in the photographs on the official website of the Singapore Tourism Board. Tasks of the work: to present the framework of semiotic and cultural geography theories; to discuss the political and ideological context in which Singapore's landscape architecture is being shaped; to form the analytical tool by using the examples of the methodology of semiotic analysis and the principles of cultural geography; to carry out a detailed analysis of the landscape architecture depicted in the photographs; to provide analytical results that will detail the representation of the culture and politics through the landscape architecture. With the help of synthesis of two sets of cultural research tools (semiotics and cultural geography), a unique instrument of analysis has been developed, which has proven that landscape architecture in Singapore can be regarded as representational material emphasizing the specific cultural and political aspects of the country, as it is formed on the basis of the strategic measures being implemented by the government. The analysis has shown how landscape architectural objects work by transmitting encoded systems of meanings that not only provide information about the location, but also culturally and politically mobilize the society using these objects. The Master thesis and the created semiotic analysis tool for landscape architecture could be useful to researchers in architecture and communication, who are planning to carry out a semiotic analysis of landscape architecture, as well as for scholars of Transcultural studies of Asia interested in Singapore cultural research.
Master Thesis is focused on the culture and politics in Singapore's landscape architecture. The aim of the work is to analyze how Singapore's landscape architecture is presented in the photographs on the official website of the Singapore Tourism Board. Tasks of the work: to present the framework of semiotic and cultural geography theories; to discuss the political and ideological context in which Singapore's landscape architecture is being shaped; to form the analytical tool by using the examples of the methodology of semiotic analysis and the principles of cultural geography; to carry out a detailed analysis of the landscape architecture depicted in the photographs; to provide analytical results that will detail the representation of the culture and politics through the landscape architecture. With the help of synthesis of two sets of cultural research tools (semiotics and cultural geography), a unique instrument of analysis has been developed, which has proven that landscape architecture in Singapore can be regarded as representational material emphasizing the specific cultural and political aspects of the country, as it is formed on the basis of the strategic measures being implemented by the government. The analysis has shown how landscape architectural objects work by transmitting encoded systems of meanings that not only provide information about the location, but also culturally and politically mobilize the society using these objects. The Master thesis and the created semiotic analysis tool for landscape architecture could be useful to researchers in architecture and communication, who are planning to carry out a semiotic analysis of landscape architecture, as well as for scholars of Transcultural studies of Asia interested in Singapore cultural research.
The present paper focuses on the review of the architecture and interior design of pharmacies built during the Soviet era. The recollection of this hardy researched topic is of utmost importance in terms of the preservation of our cultural heritage. The paper reviews three important historical periods which particularly influenced the architecture and the interior design of pharmacies, namely the postwar period until 1960, the modern period from 1960 till 1970, and the late modern period from 1970 till 1990. The paper analyzes the developmental trends of the architecture and interior design of pharmacies within the given periods of time in the context of the economic and political background that prevailed in Lithuania at each particular time. The laws and legal regulations that governed the establishment and operation of pharmacies during those times are also discussed in detail. The master thesis includes a lot of previously unpublished informative materials gathered in during the interviews with the owners of the still operating pharmacies as well as the unique pictures taken by the writer of the paper in the Soviet era pharmacies. The study includes many photographs which are enclosed in a catalog. The present study may be used as a source of authentic information for those who are employed in the fields of cultural heritage and tourism.
The present paper focuses on the review of the architecture and interior design of pharmacies built during the Soviet era. The recollection of this hardy researched topic is of utmost importance in terms of the preservation of our cultural heritage. The paper reviews three important historical periods which particularly influenced the architecture and the interior design of pharmacies, namely the postwar period until 1960, the modern period from 1960 till 1970, and the late modern period from 1970 till 1990. The paper analyzes the developmental trends of the architecture and interior design of pharmacies within the given periods of time in the context of the economic and political background that prevailed in Lithuania at each particular time. The laws and legal regulations that governed the establishment and operation of pharmacies during those times are also discussed in detail. The master thesis includes a lot of previously unpublished informative materials gathered in during the interviews with the owners of the still operating pharmacies as well as the unique pictures taken by the writer of the paper in the Soviet era pharmacies. The study includes many photographs which are enclosed in a catalog. The present study may be used as a source of authentic information for those who are employed in the fields of cultural heritage and tourism.
The present paper focuses on the review of the architecture and interior design of pharmacies built during the Soviet era. The recollection of this hardy researched topic is of utmost importance in terms of the preservation of our cultural heritage. The paper reviews three important historical periods which particularly influenced the architecture and the interior design of pharmacies, namely the postwar period until 1960, the modern period from 1960 till 1970, and the late modern period from 1970 till 1990. The paper analyzes the developmental trends of the architecture and interior design of pharmacies within the given periods of time in the context of the economic and political background that prevailed in Lithuania at each particular time. The laws and legal regulations that governed the establishment and operation of pharmacies during those times are also discussed in detail. The master thesis includes a lot of previously unpublished informative materials gathered in during the interviews with the owners of the still operating pharmacies as well as the unique pictures taken by the writer of the paper in the Soviet era pharmacies. The study includes many photographs which are enclosed in a catalog. The present study may be used as a source of authentic information for those who are employed in the fields of cultural heritage and tourism.
Diploma object: strategic planning and physical education. Goal of the work: to explore strategic planning and physical education aspects of the needs Work objectives: 1. To describe the concept of strategy planning and its theoretical direction. 2. To describe the physical training aspects of policy diffusion. 3. To analyze the importance of strategic planning in physical education. Work methods: 1. Analysis of literature sources. 2. Descriptive analysis. 3. Documentation (content) analysis. Results Strategic planning in literature is treated as a formal planning system to develop and implement strategies for the organization's mission and objectives. This is a process during which it is necessary to provide the events and determine what is possible and necessary to make the organization and take advantage of opportunities to benefit and protect themselves from anything that impedes the success and survival at risk. The establishment and implementation of the strategy are linked: the planning process is completed, then the estimated liability and the company's decision-making procedures. Literature analysis showed that physical education and sports management functions of the State Government of Lithuania, Physical Education and Sports Department under the Lithuanian Government, the Ministry of Education and Science, county governors, local authorities and are cooperating with the various interested organizations. Their objectives and goals for the additional children and youth fitness and sports education. In view of the most important summaries of the strategic planning and realization of physical education activities, and aspects of the modernization of its priority areas could include: legal framework governing sports organization and management in Lithuania and the European Union's countries sport alignment.
Diploma object: strategic planning and physical education. Goal of the work: to explore strategic planning and physical education aspects of the needs Work objectives: 1. To describe the concept of strategy planning and its theoretical direction. 2. To describe the physical training aspects of policy diffusion. 3. To analyze the importance of strategic planning in physical education. Work methods: 1. Analysis of literature sources. 2. Descriptive analysis. 3. Documentation (content) analysis. Results Strategic planning in literature is treated as a formal planning system to develop and implement strategies for the organization's mission and objectives. This is a process during which it is necessary to provide the events and determine what is possible and necessary to make the organization and take advantage of opportunities to benefit and protect themselves from anything that impedes the success and survival at risk. The establishment and implementation of the strategy are linked: the planning process is completed, then the estimated liability and the company's decision-making procedures. Literature analysis showed that physical education and sports management functions of the State Government of Lithuania, Physical Education and Sports Department under the Lithuanian Government, the Ministry of Education and Science, county governors, local authorities and are cooperating with the various interested organizations. Their objectives and goals for the additional children and youth fitness and sports education. In view of the most important summaries of the strategic planning and realization of physical education activities, and aspects of the modernization of its priority areas could include: legal framework governing sports organization and management in Lithuania and the European Union's countries sport alignment.
Diploma object: strategic planning and physical education. Goal of the work: to explore strategic planning and physical education aspects of the needs Work objectives: 1. To describe the concept of strategy planning and its theoretical direction. 2. To describe the physical training aspects of policy diffusion. 3. To analyze the importance of strategic planning in physical education. Work methods: 1. Analysis of literature sources. 2. Descriptive analysis. 3. Documentation (content) analysis. Results Strategic planning in literature is treated as a formal planning system to develop and implement strategies for the organization's mission and objectives. This is a process during which it is necessary to provide the events and determine what is possible and necessary to make the organization and take advantage of opportunities to benefit and protect themselves from anything that impedes the success and survival at risk. The establishment and implementation of the strategy are linked: the planning process is completed, then the estimated liability and the company's decision-making procedures. Literature analysis showed that physical education and sports management functions of the State Government of Lithuania, Physical Education and Sports Department under the Lithuanian Government, the Ministry of Education and Science, county governors, local authorities and are cooperating with the various interested organizations. Their objectives and goals for the additional children and youth fitness and sports education. In view of the most important summaries of the strategic planning and realization of physical education activities, and aspects of the modernization of its priority areas could include: legal framework governing sports organization and management in Lithuania and the European Union's countries sport alignment.
Heritage of Modern Architecture in Lithuania At any history stage the process of public activity leaves some material symbols, among which immovable items take an especially important place. The dominant part of them in the cities is formed from architecture. Conception of historical architecture is undergoing constant changes by encompassing still new decades and styles. One of the "youngest" styles, which is gradually coming to be perceived as part of historical heritage, is modernism. The majority of the European countries have already refrained from questioning the historicity of this style. This stimulates us focusing also on the heritage of Lithuania's modern architecture and analysing what was achieved and what could be preserved as part of the former era. The research subject-matter deals with modern architecture as part of the heritage of Lithuania's architecture in the 20th century. Given the conditions of independent Lithuania, interwar and post-war modern architecture and separate objects of it receive ambiguous evaluations, a number of highly relevant and severe problems of heritage conservation and heritage documentation nature occur, which require urgent and reasoned answers. Fundamental problem lies in the attitude of conceptual character, namely whether this heritage is by and large recognized as the object of Lithuanian cultural heritage. Further destiny of modern architecture heritage depends on the latter attitude. It should be emphasised that the greatest part of architecturological research focused on the classical history periods of Lithuanian architecture and failed to go beyond the boundary of the 20th century. Alongside with this, the relevant problem of determining the criteria of differential value of modern architecture occurs. This issue is of really complex character because it must follow objectivity requirements, while our period of time relates to various interests, such as economic, political, etc. On the basis of the possible values it would be possible to determine and classify the valuables of modern architecture and resolve yet another major problem, i.e. integrate such valuables into the system of heritage documentation. The present research aims at finding out certain most important protection problems arising with regard to the Lithuanian modern architecture and determining the possibilities for its preservation. This research overviews the particularities of the development of 20th century architecture; deals with the complex and ambiguous attitude towards the heritage of Lithuanian modern architecture and the reasons of particular situation; singles out the examples of Lithuanian modern architecture and presents the most characteristic values of such buildings. After the research was carried out certain conclusions were drawn. Firstly, it should be stated that European movements and directions of modern architecture illustrate the social and economic situation of that time and demonstrate the creative architectural potential of those times; therefore, searching for one's own place in the overall architectural context, we must perceive and value the heritage of every historical stratum. Architecture of the 20th century shall not be an exception. Secondly, it should be stressed that a marked part of heritage of Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century is loosing its attractiveness due to various economic, cultural and political reasons and, should the legal acts fail to protect it, it is likely to disappear rapidly. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society. Third, it shall be asserted that 20th century architecture is not an ordinary heritage object; attitude towards such heritage must be more flexible in order to adjust it to the needs of a modern city. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society.
Heritage of Modern Architecture in Lithuania At any history stage the process of public activity leaves some material symbols, among which immovable items take an especially important place. The dominant part of them in the cities is formed from architecture. Conception of historical architecture is undergoing constant changes by encompassing still new decades and styles. One of the "youngest" styles, which is gradually coming to be perceived as part of historical heritage, is modernism. The majority of the European countries have already refrained from questioning the historicity of this style. This stimulates us focusing also on the heritage of Lithuania's modern architecture and analysing what was achieved and what could be preserved as part of the former era. The research subject-matter deals with modern architecture as part of the heritage of Lithuania's architecture in the 20th century. Given the conditions of independent Lithuania, interwar and post-war modern architecture and separate objects of it receive ambiguous evaluations, a number of highly relevant and severe problems of heritage conservation and heritage documentation nature occur, which require urgent and reasoned answers. Fundamental problem lies in the attitude of conceptual character, namely whether this heritage is by and large recognized as the object of Lithuanian cultural heritage. Further destiny of modern architecture heritage depends on the latter attitude. It should be emphasised that the greatest part of architecturological research focused on the classical history periods of Lithuanian architecture and failed to go beyond the boundary of the 20th century. Alongside with this, the relevant problem of determining the criteria of differential value of modern architecture occurs. This issue is of really complex character because it must follow objectivity requirements, while our period of time relates to various interests, such as economic, political, etc. On the basis of the possible values it would be possible to determine and classify the valuables of modern architecture and resolve yet another major problem, i.e. integrate such valuables into the system of heritage documentation. The present research aims at finding out certain most important protection problems arising with regard to the Lithuanian modern architecture and determining the possibilities for its preservation. This research overviews the particularities of the development of 20th century architecture; deals with the complex and ambiguous attitude towards the heritage of Lithuanian modern architecture and the reasons of particular situation; singles out the examples of Lithuanian modern architecture and presents the most characteristic values of such buildings. After the research was carried out certain conclusions were drawn. Firstly, it should be stated that European movements and directions of modern architecture illustrate the social and economic situation of that time and demonstrate the creative architectural potential of those times; therefore, searching for one's own place in the overall architectural context, we must perceive and value the heritage of every historical stratum. Architecture of the 20th century shall not be an exception. Secondly, it should be stressed that a marked part of heritage of Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century is loosing its attractiveness due to various economic, cultural and political reasons and, should the legal acts fail to protect it, it is likely to disappear rapidly. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society. Third, it shall be asserted that 20th century architecture is not an ordinary heritage object; attitude towards such heritage must be more flexible in order to adjust it to the needs of a modern city. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society.
The paper analyses the Lithuanian architecture of the soviet period through the prism of stylistic development and history of architectural ideas. The main task of the work is to determine the heritage values of the soviet period from the point of view of architectural history. Before going into deeper analysis of separate stylistic aspects some key problems of the soviet time heritage evaluation are discussed. Particular attention is given to the need of separation of the soviet time architectural history from the political history as well as to the problem of integration of the soviet heritage into contemporary city life. Three main ap- proaches on the architecture of the soviet period are pointed out: socialist realism, soviet industrial modernism and plurality of stylistic attitudes during the last decades of the soviet period. The paper follows an assumption that some characteristic buildings of each architectural outlook should be saved in order to have an example of authentic way of development in the Lithuanian architecture during the 20th century.
