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Includes index. ; Shipping list no.: 98-0348-P. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-154). ; Mode of access: Internet.

December 2015 How can cultural heritage institutions tackle the barriers to online access within the EU, and what policy recommendation at EU and institutional level can be made to bring down the barriers? ; How can cultural heritage institutions tackle the barriers to online access within the EU, and what policy recommendation at EU and institutional level can be made to bring down the barriers?

Jay Dolmage's (2014) Disability Rhetoric encourages scholars to search beyond normative Aristolean bounds of rhetoric and embrace a critical lens of rhetorical activity as embodied, and disability as an inalienable aspect of said embodiment (p. 289). To that end, this project posits an innovative structure for rhetorically (re)analyzing disability history in higher education through a framework of disability aesthetics. In Academic Ableism, Jay Dolmage (2017) argues that an institution's aesthetic ideologies and architecture denote a rhetorical agenda of ableism. In Disability Aesthetics, Tobin Siebers (2010) asserts disability is a vital aspect of aesthetic interpretation. Both works determine that disability has always held a crucial, critical role in the production and consumption of aestheticism, as it invites able-bodied individuals to consider the dynamic, nonnormative instantiations of the human body as a social, civic issue (p. 2). Disability, therefore, has the power to reinvigorate the sociorhetorical impact of both aesthetic representation and the human experience writ large. With this framework in mind, this project arranges an archival historiography of disability history in higher education in the late twentieth century at a mid-sized U.S. state institution. During this time, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act was finally signed into law, and universities confronted a legal demand to allow all students access. Ultimately, this project seeks to demonstrate how disability scholars and historiographers can widen the view of both disability history and disability rhetoric in higher education through a focus on student aesthetic performance and intervention.

Das Buch ist eine Analyse von Aufstieg und Fall des sowjetischen Herrschaftssystems in dem Gebiet, das zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges "Osteuropa" genannt wurde, und der Rolle, die das Deutschlandproblem dabei gespielt hat. Gestützt auf die Auswertung neuer Quellen aus den Partei- und Staatsarchiven ehemals kommunistischerer Länder rekonstruiert es die folgende Entwicklung: Die Teilung Deutschlands und dabei die Rolle der Sowjetunion unter Stalin; das eiserne Festhalten seiner Nachfolger an der Teilung; ihr zunehmendes Bewusstsein der hohen Kosten, welche die Aufrechterhaltung des imperialen Systems in Ostmitteleuropa verursachte; der Fehlschlag ihrer Anstrengungen, die wachsende wirtschaftliche und finanzielle Abhängigkeit der DDR von der Bundesrepublik zu verhindern; und schließlich die Gründe dafür, warum Gorbatschow die Auflösung des sowjetischen Herrschaftsbereichs in Ostmitteleuropa hinnahm und sogar der Mitgliedschaft des wiedervereinigten Deutschlands in der Nato zustimmte. "Angesichts der russischen Okkupation der Krim, der anhaltenden Krise in der Ostukraine und der dadurch ausgelösten Gegenreaktionen von NATO und EU scheint sich der Kalte Krieg in Europa zurückgemeldet zu haben. Geeigneter kann der Zeitpunkt für die überarbeitete Neuauflage des sich inzwischen zu einem Standartwerk entwickelten Buches von Hannes Adomeit nicht sein. Seine profunde Kenntnis und Auseinandersetzung mit sowjetischer und russischer Politik seit fünf Jahrzehnten und sein Zugang zu neuem russischen Archivmaterial qualifiziert ihn zu einem der besten und erfahrensten Experten auf internationaler Ebene. Wer die sowjetische Politik nach dem II. Weltkrieg bis zur Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands und ihre Implikationen für die letzten 25 Jahre verstehen will, kommt an Adomeits Buch und seiner analytischen Brillanz nicht vorbei". Prof. Dr. h.c. Horst Teltschik, September 2015: "Of all of the analyses of the fall of the Soviet Union and reunification of Germany, Hannes Adomeit's 1998 classic, »Imperial Overstretch«, has stood the test of time. Its re-publication here by Nomos, with some modest updates by the author, will be welcomed by scholars, students, the policy community, and the informed public, as a trenchant interpretation of what happened to the 'Soviet bloc', but also as an introduction to the assertive imperial politics of Vladimir Putin and the Russian Federation." Norman M. Naimark, Stanford University, November 2015

This study investigates how the balance was drawn between openness/the principle of public access to official documents, and privacy/perso­nal integrity. The empirical material consists of legal texts on Swedish national archival regulation 1987–2004, and a "linguistic-historical analysis" was applied to answer re­search questions re­lated to the scope of documents to archive, and to bene­fits and drawbacks of open­ness and privacy respectively. The Archival Law of 1990 is aligned with the Swedish Freedom of the Press Act – celebrating 250 years in 2016 – through the term "official docu­ments". Such documents, whether containing personal data or not, are accessible to every­one unless protected by secrecy regulation. The Archival Law and the Free­dom of the Press Act thus have potentially far-reaching effects on privacy, although this aspect has received considerably less attention than the impact on openness. Exploring the development of the Swedish archival regulation is there­fore of great interest. The study shows that the scope of documents to archive was made grad­ually larger during the period. This happened through the transfer from "archival material" to "official document", and through the increas­ing­ly empha­­sised pre­sumption for preservation of documents. As a result of this develop­ment, the principle of pub­lic access and, more specifically, the archives, were described as invaluable to demo­cratic government. The lin­guis­tic analysis shows that the meaning of "the principle of public access to official documents" (offentlighets­principen) changed over time, implicating that the meaning must not be taken for granted. Benefits and drawbacks related to openness and privacy were identified in Swedish and international archival science research and compared to those in the empirical material. Arguments in the material were mainly oriented to­wards positive aspects of openness. Benefits of privacy as being vital for demo­cracy were entirely absent. With one exception, in-depth discussions on ...

This study investigates how the balance was drawn between openness/the principle of public access to official documents, and privacy/personal integrity. The empirical material consists of legal texts on Swedish national archival regulation 1987–2004, and a "linguistic-historical analysis" was applied to answer research questions related to the scope of documents to archive, and to benefits and drawbacks of openness and privacy respectively. The Archival Law of 1990 is aligned with the Swedish Freedom of the Press Act – celebrating 250 years in 2016 – through the term "official documents". Such documents, whether containing personal data or not, are accessible to everyone unless protected by secrecy regulation. The Archival Law and the Freedom of the Press Act thus have potentially far-reaching effects on privacy, although this aspect has received considerably less attention than the impact on openness. Exploring the development of the Swedish archival regulation is therefore of great interest. The study shows that the scope of documents to archive was made gradually larger during the period. This happened through the transfer from "archival material" to "official document", and through the increasingly emphasised presumption for preservation of documents. As a result of this development, the principle of public access and, more specifically, the archives, were described as invaluable to democratic government. The linguistic analysis shows that the meaning of "the principle of public access to official documents" (offentlighetsprincipen) changed over time, implicating that the meaning must not be taken for granted. Benefits and drawbacks related to openness and privacy were identified in Swedish and international archival science research and compared to those in the empirical material. Arguments in the material were mainly oriented towards positive aspects of openness. Benefits of privacy as being vital for democracy were entirely absent. With one exception, in-depth discussions on drawbacks of openness and privacy were also absent. The short answer to the issue of balance between openness and privacy in Swedish archival regulation 1987–2004 is that very few attempts were made to strike such a balance. Theories proposed by various researchers – the centurylong tradition of openness in Sweden, the difficulty to introduce privacy legislation "in a country where publicity has reigned supreme", and a view of democracy as based on the community rather than on the individual – may help explain this situation. ; The study was made as part of a project financed by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet), "Privacy, the hidden aspect of Swedish democracy. A legal and historical investigation about balancing openness and privacy in Sweden", nr 2015-1057.

Se pretende en el trabajo hacer una serie de consideraciones acerca del impacto que han provocado los temas fundamentales de transparencia y acceso a la información en la sociedad mexicana y en su discurso democrático. Cómo a partir de la normatividad al respecto es que se da un impulso fuerte al desarrollo de la archivistica y los respectivos riesgos que para la disciplina puede traer el no afrontar los retos con base en principios y métodos firmes, acordes con su teoría y principios.AbstractAt work aims to make some considerations about the impact that caused the fundamental themes of transparency and access to information in the Mexican society and his democratic speech. How from the regulations in this respect is that it gives a strong impetus to development of the archivist science and the respective risks that can bring for discipline as the challenges not based on principles and methodes ñnns, consistents with its theory and principles Keywords: archives, Archivist Science, transparency, access to information.

Abstract
Feminist historiography is rife with debates about the nature and boundaries of women's movements. Arguments over who to call an activist or a feminist sit at the heart of these definitional debates, which provide the groundwork for how scholars understand contemporary feminisms. Given the heated nature of ongoing disputes over the complicated identity politics of feminism and its archives, it is surprising that scholars have afforded so little attention to the technical infrastructure that defines and provides access to digitized primary source material, which is increasingly the foundation for contemporary historical research. Metadata plays an outsized role in these definitions, especially for photographic material that cannot be made word-searchable but is favored by digitizers because of its popularity. This article uses qualitative content analysis to examine how two digital archives define the Swedish suffrage movement - a historically contested concept, here understood through the theory of Susan Leigh Star as a "boundary object" subject to "interpretive flexibility". The study uses keywords attached to photographic material from the the National Resource Library for Gender Studies (KvinnSam) and metadata within the related Swedish Women's Biographical Lexicon platform for women's biographies. The findings indicate that the hierarchies of archival organization do not disappear with individual document digitization and description. Instead, the silences built into physical archives are redefined in digital collections, obscuring the tensions between individual and movement feminisms, as well as the contested nature of movement boundaries.

Building upon recent work, this paper demonstrates how 21st century recordkeeping concerns are integral to societal grand challenges that have been identified by governments, think tanks, scholarly organisations and affected communities around the globe. Using the example of forced displacement and migration the paper focuses on ways in which recordkeeping is inextricably linked to both the causes and possible digital, policy and educational mechanisms for addressing certain aspects of societal grand challenges. These linkages are significantly under-explored and under-addressed in our field. The paper's principal arguments are that archives and recordkeepers have social and ethical responsibilities toward those individuals who are least empowered to engage with official records and recordkeeping practices or to maintain their own records; and that responding will require implementing archival and recordkeeping practices and policy at supra-national and meta-archival levels. The paper suggests some actions and reconceptualisations therefore, that might move us in that direction.

Building upon recent work, this paper demonstrates how 21st century recordkeeping concerns are integral to societal grand challenges that have been identified by governments, think tanks, scholarly organisations and affected communities around the globe. Using the example of forced displacement and migration the paper focuses on ways in which recordkeeping is inextricably linked to both the causes and possible digital, policy and educational mechanisms for addressing certain aspects of societal grand challenges. These linkages are significantly under-explored and under-addressed in our field. The paper's principal arguments are that archives and recordkeepers have social and ethical responsibilities toward those individuals who are least empowered to engage with official records and recordkeeping practices or to maintain their own records; and that responding will require implementing archival and recordkeeping practices and policy at supra-national and meta-archival levels. The paper suggests some actions and reconceptualisations therefore, that might move us in that direction.

In democratic constitutional states, public archives have the duty to enable access to historical information of state action in order to help secure the traceability of politics and the accountability of authorities. However, this is not an obvious statement and it has not always and everywhere been true. Th is paper traces the history of the access services of the Swiss Federal Archives (SFA) since 1848. Drawing on the concept of street-level bureaucracy, it focuses on face-to-face interactions between users and archivists in the reading room. In this vein, it provides an organisational history from bottom-up. It argues that the opening of access and increasing numbers of users intensified the bureaucratization of access procedures. Within this context, particular attention is paid to the digitization of the access interface and its bearing on (reading room) encounters of users and archivists. ; In democratic constitutional states, public archives have the duty to enable access to historical information of state action in order to help secure the traceability of politics and the accountability of authorities. However, this is not an obvious statement and it has not always and everywhere been true. Th is paper traces the history of the access services of the Swiss Federal Archives (SFA) since 1848. Drawing on the concept of street-level bureaucracy, it focuses on face-to-face interactions between users and archivists in the reading room. In this vein, it provides an organisational history from bottom-up. It argues that the opening of access and increasing numbers of users intensified the bureaucratization of access procedures. Within this context, particular attention is paid to the digitization of the access interface and its bearing on (reading room) encounters of users and archivists.

The relevance of the article. The Internet is a powerful tool for finding and providing information. In modern conditions, one of the most important elements of the functioning of the Internet is a website, which ensures the proper process of communication between all participants of the virtual space. As a result, the development of a website on the Internet will allow the use of modern technologies for the development of information support for professional activity and professional communication. An important component of the information support of archival activity in the period of information technologies development is the presentation of the product on the Internet using its own website. This is providing the user with access to archival documents through information bases and reading rooms, providing as complete and objective information as possible about the composition and content of archival funds through the global Internet network.
The purpose of the article. To conduct a study of the application of innovative technologies in the practical activity of archival institutions and the improvement of its information support.
The methodology. The article examines the need to modernize the archive file by implementing a website into the activities of these institutions.
The results. As a result, the needs of users were determined and a website project was developed, which will provide users with the necessary services and improve the prestige of the institution.
The scientific novelty. The article highlights innovative ideas for creating a web portal for the archive that will cover all the necessary services.
The practical significance. The practically implemented website project for the archive of the Lviv Polytechnic can be used by default to present its services on the Internet, communicate with citizens, as well as provide services through the created functions of submitting and receiving documents.

If only archival restrictions were the most glaring insufficiency of our archival service. Here we have a whole complex of problems, for which it is insufficient to decide from on high merely to declassify archives. We still need to fell the whole world exactly what is held in them, to publish inventories and catalogues of previously secret documents.Academician Dimitrii S. Likhachev September 1989Crucially important for expanding access to archives is what western archivists often call "intellectual access"–reference facilities that effectively and efficiently assist researchers in preparing for work in the archives, lead them to appropriate documents, and help them understand their archival context. The dramatic opening of Russian archives in the past decade has revolutionized research opportunities and scholarship in many fields. Today, not only are archives being declassified, but the finding aids for previously classified files are available to researchers and new reference facilities are being developed to an extent Likhachev and others never dreamed possible.