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The belief in the possibility of artificial intelligence (AI), given present computers, is the belief that all that is essential to human intelligence can be formalized. AI has not fulfilled early expectations in pattern recognition & problem solving. These tasks cannot be formalized. They necessarily involve a nonformal form of information processing which is possible only for embodied beings--where being embodied does not merely mean being able to move & to operate manipulators. The human world, with its recognizable objects, is organized by human beings using their embodied capacities to satisfy their embodied needs. There is no reason to suppose that a world organized in terms of the body should be accessible by other means. HA.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is concerned with the symbol-manipulation processes that produce intelligent action; that is, acts that are arrived at by intelligible reasoning steps that are guided by knowledge of a particular domain. AI areas relevant to human factors and automation include expert systems, natural-language understanding, and intelligent robotics. These topics are reviewed and illustrated. Potential contributions of human factors research to AI are briefly described.

The belief in the possibility of artificial intelligence (AI), given present computers, is the belief that all that is essential to human intelligence can be formalized. AI has not fulfilled early expectations in pattern recognition and problem solving. These tasks cannot be formalized. They necessarily involve a nonformal form of information processing which is possible only for embodied beings —where being embodied does not merely mean being able to move and to operate manipulators. The human world, with its recognizable objects, is organized by human beings using their embodied capacities to satisfy their embodied needs. There is no reason to suppose that a world organized in terms of the body should be accessible by other means.

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MC.1985.1663007 ; The progress, goals and techniques being used in the Japanese fifth-generation computer program are assessed. The research is being performed in three phases: tool building, construction of parallel architecture machines, and evaluation and refinement. The first phase is well under way and has yielded designs for two prototype machines: a Personal Sequential Interface (PSI) workstation and the Delta machine (DM), a relational database machine. Kernel Language 0 (KL0), used for the PSI, is being expanded to KL1. The Mandala language is being applied in the DM. Applications have not received a great deal of attention at the government-funded research center, although the techniques developed are already being implemented in industry for machine and computer design and communications systems. 18 references.