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International audience ; BOX is an artwork that exposes some of the social and political impact of artificial intelligence, computer vision, and automation. The project uses a commercially available computer vision system that predicts the interactor's ethnicity, and locks or unlocks itself depending on this prediction. The artwork showcases a possible use of computer vision, making explicit the fact that every technological implantation crystallises a political worldview.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping service by performing various tasks, constituting a major source of innovation, yet threatening human jobs. We develop a theory of AI job replacement to address this double-edged impact. The theory specifies four intelligences required for service tasks—mechanical, analytical, intuitive, and empathetic—and lays out the way firms should decide between humans and machines for accomplishing those tasks. AI is developing in a predictable order, with mechanical mostly preceding analytical, analytical mostly preceding intuitive, and intuitive mostly preceding empathetic intelligence. The theory asserts that AI job replacement occurs fundamentally at the task level, rather than the job level, and for "lower" (easier for AI) intelligence tasks first. AI first replaces some of a service job's tasks, a transition stage seen as augmentation, and then progresses to replace human labor entirely when it has the ability to take over all of a job's tasks. The progression of AI task replacement from lower to higher intelligences results in predictable shifts over time in the relative importance of the intelligences for service employees. An important implication from our theory is that analytical skills will become less important, as AI takes over more analytical tasks, giving the "softer" intuitive and empathetic skills even more importance for service employees. Eventually, AI will be capable of performing even the intuitive and empathetic tasks, which enables innovative ways of human–machine integration for providing service but also results in a fundamental threat for human employment.

1. Introduction -- 2. What is Artificial Intelligence? -- 2.1. Definitions -- 2.2. History -- 2.3. State of play and future prospects -- 3. Bioethical inquiries about artificial intelligence -- 3.1. Bioethical issues common to weak and strong artificial intelligence -- 3.2. Bioethical issues resulting from strong artificial intelligence -- 3.2.1. Ontological discussions -- 3.2.2. Consequential discussions -- 4. Medicine and artificial intelligence -- 4.1. Use of artificial in health services -- 4.2. Main challenges in medical ethics -- 4.2.1. Confidentiality and privacy -- 4.2.2. Compassion, veracity and fidelity -- 4.2.3. Communication skills and case based approach -- 5. Conclusion.

"If the intelligence of artificial systems were to surpass that of humans, humanity would face significant risks. The time has come to consider these issues, and this consideration must include progress in artificial intelligence (AI) as much as insights from AI theory. Featuring contributions from leading experts and thinkers in artificial intelligence, RIsks of Artificial Intelligence is the first volume of collected chapters dedicated to examining the risks of AI. The books evaluates predictions of the future of AI, proposes ways to ensure that AI systems will be beneficial to humans, and then critically evaluates such proposals." -- From back cover

This is the first volume to provide an overview of critical perspectives on the ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI), at a point when growth in AI technologies has exploded but the study of the difficult moral problems presented by AI use is only in its infancy. The book features seventeen essays, organized into four sections, written by leading academics and prominent figures in the field, many representing well-known big tech companies. Some topics covered include self-driving cars and autonomous drones, caretaking robots, and the possible consciousness of superintelligent AI systems.

AbstractArtificial Intelligence, both as a hope of making substantial progress, and a fear of the unknown and unimaginable, has its roots in human dreams. These dreams are materialized by means of rational intellectual efforts. We see the beginnings of such a process in Lullus's fancies. Many scholars and enthusiasts participated in the development of Lullus's art,ars combinatoria. Amongst them, Athanasius Kircher distinguished himself. Gottfried Leibniz ended the period in which the idea of artificial intelligence was shaped, and started the new period, in which artificial intelligence could be considered part of science, by today's standards.