Suchergebnisse

This article examines the extent of the practice of resilience in the process of the implementation of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (AA). Also, it analyses the main legislative and institutional tools promoting resilience of Ukraine's market integration with the EU. Two cases are considered in this study. The first case is the launch of negotiations on the EU-Ukraine Agreement on Conformity and Acceptance of Industrial Products (ACAA). The second case is an EU-Ukraine Trade Dispute on Export Woods Ban. In both cases the EU institutions and Ukraine display a high degree of flexibility to pursue a policy of resilience to achieve a high degree of EU Internal Market rapprochement. In the case of Ukraine, the institutional mechanism of the EU-Ukraine AA remains unused as a forum to discuss effectively and to find solutions for impeding problems in the bilateral cooperation agenda. Therefore, a coherent, transparent, and effective institutional cooperation framework in the bilateral EU-Ukraine relations is still needed. ; У цій статті досліджено вплив практик забезпечення стійкості у процесі імплементації Угоди про Асоціацію між Україною та ЄС (УАЄС). Також у ній проаналізовано основні законодавчі та інституційні інструменти, які спрямовані на посилення стійкості при інтеграції ринку України із ЄС. Два приклади представлено у цьому дослідженні: у першому випадку йдеться про переговори між Україною та ЄС про укладення Угоди про оцінку та прийнятність промислової продукції (АСАА); у другому — про спір між Україною та ЄС щодо заборони експорту лісу-кругляка. У обох випадках інституції ЄС та Україна засвідчують високий рівень гнучкості задля досягнення високого ступеня взаємодії з Спільним ринком ЄС. У випадку України інституційний механізм Угоди про Асоціацію часто не використовується як форум для ефективного обговорення і пошуку рішень для нагальних проблем порядку денного двосторонньої співпраці. Відтак, надалі існуєпотреба в узгодженій, прозорій та ефективній структурі інституційної співпраці між Україною та ЄС.

As a result of the parliamentary elections of October 2016, a political party with a clear anti-NATO and anti- EU political platform made it to the parliament. The Alliance of Patriots was not able to win any majoritarian districts but still managed to receive enough votes to pass the 5% threshold in the country-wide proportional vote. This contribution looks at foreign policy discourses in post-election Georgia and argues that a possible explanation for the rise of such populist parties can be found in the ambiguous messages coming from the West. To be more precise, as the EU's Eastern Partnership does not offer a membership perspective, it becomes harder for the political elite to sell the pro-European foreign policy agenda to the Georgian public. The issue of the two breakaway territories still remains unresolved, Russia maintains a military presence there, while for the foreseeable future NATO and the EU membership is off the table for Georgia. Hence, in such circumstances, unless substantial progress in relations with the Euro-Atlantic institutions is made, the message of the Alliance of Patriots - that pro-Western foreign policy endangers Georgia, leaving it to face the Kremlin alone - could gain more support.

The historical political relations that identified a cooperating and solidary European Union, a European Union willing to help generate political changes towards a Central America that was living through moments of crisis due to the armed internal conflicts and structural problems, are turned at present to complex relations where the big financial and economic interests of big transnational capital is the priority. It is within this frame that the negotiation process for an Association Agreement between two regions absolutely asymmetric in terms of growth, development and commercial capacity is developing. This study examines the relations of dependency between the European Union and Central America within the frame of the Association Agreement currently under negotiation. In particular, this work makes a political, critical and chronological analysis of the relations between Central America and the European Union, from the past to the current process of negotiation of the Association Agreement; a process that it is about to conclude in the middle of 2010. It implements a hypothetic deductive method and a documented analysis combined with qualitative research methods. The study suggests that the conditions of dependency that have characterized the relations between both regions will deepen and that the signing of the Association Agreement will validate the postulates of the Dependency theory within the discipline of International Relations theory. Although this analysis is not intended to generate new ideas or approaches to Dependency theory, it will certainly open avenues for future works in regards to the impact that such Agreements represent for Central America and their relations with the developed world. Asiasanat:Central America, European Union, Free Trade, Association Agreement, Dependency Theory, Cooperation, Political Dialogue, Commerce