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In: The Australian journal of politics and history: AJPH, Band 42, Heft 3, S. 466
ISSN: 0004-9522
Considers the changing nature of British subject-hood in Australia, which preceded citizenship for the first half of the 20th century. Legislation departing from the old common law notion of subject-hood by simple birth & allegiance is traced to the first Naturalization Act in 1870 & carried on in Dominion laws that generated a problematic common code system. The politics surrounding the introduction of a Citizenship Act in Australia in 1948 is related, highlighting the issue of race that underpinned the Australian notion of British subject status based on the 1870 act. The implications of the act center on what the notion of "British" then means if members of the British Commonwealth separated themselves into distinct nationalities; with the failure of the common code came the end of the Empire. Changes in the Nationality & Citizenship Act of 1949 are noted, & it is suggested that Australians often confuse the idea of independence with exclusiveness in their understanding of independent citizenship. This exclusionary nationalism clashes somewhat with the process of globalization, which has wrought a notion of citizenship that harkens back to the old notion of British subject. Such a global or cosmopolitan citizenship might serves as an alternative model to the Australian approach. J. Zendejas
In: Labour / Le Travail, Band 38, S. 116
Compares the Canadian & Australian legal traditions -- both premised on the British common law traditions of judicial precedent -- by way of the law of sexual assault, highlighting the parallel development of corroboration doctrine & the evidentiary prescriptions constructed by legislators, lawyers, & judges. R. v. Sullivan (1913), decided in Perth, Western Australia, & Hubin v. the King (1927), decided in Winnipeg, Manitoba, are scrutinized for the judicial reasoning arising from sexual assault proceedings that typified trials focused on the doctrine of corroboration. It is argued that one idea active in criminal law during the early 20th century was that women & children lacked credibility when it came to testifying about sexual assault. The two 13-year-old plaintiffs are characterized as highly credible, particularly relative to the defendants. However, the doctrine of corroboration made it far more difficult to secure convictions in cases of carnal knowledge of young girls. The kind of additional evidence required to meet the standard of corroboration is considered, arguing that its legal definition did not entirely accord with the contemporary parlance. How the doctrine of corroboration was handled during each trial is then examined in detail, demonstrating the narrow interpretation of mandatory statutory corroboration provisions by appellate judges who overturned the initial convictions out of concern for potential false accusations. The deep suspicion accorded the testimony of women & girls underpinned a whittling down of the doctrine of corroboration such that the credibility of female plaintiff's was easily dismissable while the testimony of guilty men weighed more heavily in the decision. J. Zendejas
Study objective: Australia has had a two party parliamentary political system for most of the period since its Federation in 1901, dominated either by a social democratic (Labor) or a conservative ideological perspective. This paper investigates whether such political differences at Federal and State levels have influenced suicide rates in the state of New South Wales (NSW) for the period 1901–1998.
BASE
In: SpringerBriefs in Population Studies
This book explores the process of decision-making around having children in a sample of 115 men, women and couples for whom family formation was a recent past, current or imminent future issue. The discussion is initially focused on the extent to which parenthood was contemplated in late adolescence and during the relationship formation/courtship process, and the process by which family sizes are determined. Decision-making associated with having first, second, third and fourth children is then examined in chapters entitled The First Child; The 'Obligatory' Second Child; The Discretionary Third Child and Fourth Children - Negative Reactions, Practical Issues. Decisions to Have Children in Late 20th and Early 21st Century Australia offers a detailed coverage of a topic with resonances and implications that apply to contemporary cultures all around the world
In: Telos, Band 30, S. 116-126
ISSN: 0040-2842, 0090-6514
The various formulae which have been applied to WWI can be understood as attempts to fit it into nineteenth century categories, which assume that peace is a natural state of affairs. The actual revolutionary side in that war was Bismarckian Germany, in which the realities of the new scientific era were best approximated by social institutions. The military apparatus of Germany was the weak point of the system, hypnotized by traditional concepts, schemes, & goals. The war was against the Western status quo. The energy transformation of the world necessarily occurs through war, which is the most intense means of rapidly releasing accumulated forces. The frontline experience was fundamental to the new image of the world. In this experience, death was a continuous presence. This experience has been denied by later developments, leaving the world in a state of war-generating peace rather than in the real peace which might emerge from genuine understanding of the war experience. W. H. Stoddard.
In: Telos: critical theory of the contemporary, Band 1976, Heft 30, S. 116-126
ISSN: 1940-459X