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This wide-ranging collection of essays contains eighteen original articles by authors representing some of the most important recent work on Wittgenstein. It deals with questions pertaining to both the interpretation and application of Wittgenstein's thought and the editing of his works. Regarding the latter, it also addresses issues concerning scholarly electronic publishing. The collection is accompanied by a comprehensive introduction which lays out the content and arguments of each contribution. Contributors: Knut Erik Tranøy, Lars Hertzberg, Georg Henrik von Wright, Marie McGinn, Cora Diamond, James Conant, David G. Stern, Eike von Savigny, P.M.S. Hacker, Hans-Johann Glock, Allan Janik, Kristóf Nyíri, Antonia Soulez, Brian McGuinness, Anthony Kenny, Joachim Schulte, Herbert Hrachovec, Cameron McEwen..

Wittgenstein and the relation between life and philosophy / Knut Erik Tranøy -- Trying to keep philosophy honest / Lars Hertzberg -- Remarks on Wittgenstein's use of the terms "sinn", "sinnlos", "unsinnig", "wahr", and "gedanke" in the Tractatus / Georg Henrik von Wright -- Wittgenstein's early philosophy of language and the idea of 'the single great problem' / Marie McGinn -- Peter Winch on the Tractatus and the unity of Wittgenstein's philosophy / Cora Diamond -- Wittgenstein's later criticism of the Tractatus / James Conant -- How many Wittgensteins? / David G. Stern -- Taking avowals seriously: the soul a public afffair / Eike von Savigny -- Of knowledge and of knowing that someone is in pain / P.M.S. Hacker -- Wittgenstein and history / Hans-Johann Glock -- Impure reason vindicated / Allan Janik -- Wittgenstein's philosophy of pictures / Kristóf Nyíri -- A case of early Wittgenstein dialogism: stances on the impossibility of "red and green in the same place" / Antonia Soulez -- Wittgenstein: philosophy and literature / Brian McGuinness -- A brief history of Wittgenstein editing / Anthony Kenny -- What is a work by Wittgenstein? / Joachim Schulte -- Evaluating the Bergen Electronic Edition / Herbert Hrachovec -- Wittgenstein in digital form: perspectives for the future / Cameron McEwen.

It is undeniable that Uros Milankovic (1800-1849) represents a significant
historical figure in Serbian philosophy. However, the general knowledge
about his biography is rather modest and obscure. Starting from the
assumption that this needs to be rectified, this article is centred on
Milankovic?s military career which span from 1825 to 1835. The aim of the
article is to provide more complete factual data from this period of his
life, as well as to determine the importance of this aspect to his overall
academic and scientific creation. Data is collected through examination of
scarcely known or entirely unknown sphere of information located in the
military records and files of Austrian military; and through assessment of
Milankovic?s personal correspondence letters and book subscriptions. The
results of the analysed data point towards a series of biographical details
that are in contrast to previous assumptions. Consequently, the article
produces new geographical locations where Milankovic was stationed,
precisely illustrates his military progress through ranks and depicts
different periods and places where Milankovic wrote his works and the
circumstances from his military life that influenced his writings. In
conclusion, the results and findings from this article alter the presumed
biographical knowledge and, therefore, represent a clear and significant
academic contribution which can also be viewed as a basis for further
research.

Today, it is often forgotten that the socialist calculation debate of the 1920s and 1930s was not only about whether market societies were more economically efficient than planned ones; more crucially, Ludwig von Mises and his disciple Friedrich Hayek depicted economic planning as a threat to the moral and political order of "Western civilization." A planned economy, these early neoliberals argued, would override the "democracy of consumers" through which individuals registered their own preferences on the market and threaten individual freedom and social peace. This article argues that early neoliberal thinkers mobilized a racialized argument against economic planning, which they depicted as a threat from "the East" and a regression to a "primitive" pre-capitalist, egalitarian morality. Against this neoliberal argument, I retrieve the Austrian philosopher Otto Neurath's argument that a capitalist market economy is inherently violent and requires the suppression of non-market forms of life.

Celebrated today for his groundbreaking work in logic and the foundations of mathematics, Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848) was best known in his own time as a leader of the reform movement in his homeland (Bohemia, then part of the Austrian Empire). As professor of religious science at the Charles University in Prague from 1805 to 1819, Bolzano was a highly visible public intellectual, a courageous and determined critic of abuses in Church and State. Based in large part on a carefully argued utilitarian practical philosophy, he developed a non-violent program for the reform of the authoritarian institutions of the Empire, which he himself set in motion through his teaching and other activities. Rarely has a philosopher had such a great impact on the political culture of his homeland. This volume contains a substantial collection of Bolzano's writings on ethics and politics, translated into English for the first time. It includes a complete translation of the treatise On the Best State , his principal writings on ethics, an essay on the contemporary situation in Ireland, and a selection of his Exhortations, dealing with such topics as enlightenment, civil disobedience, the status of women, anti-Semitism and Czech-German relations in Bohemia. It will be of particular interest to students of central European philosophy and history, and more generally to philosophers and historians of ideas.

"Written in code under constant threat of battle, Wittgenstein's searing and illuminating diaries finally emerge in this first-ever English translation. During the pandemic, Marjorie Perloff, one of our foremost scholars of global literature, found her mind ineluctably drawn to the profound commentary on life and death in the wartime diaries of eminent philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951). Upon learning that these notebooks, which richly contextualize the early stages of his magnum opus, the Tractatus-Logico-Philosophicus, had never before been published in English, the Viennese-born Perloff determinedly set about translating them. Beginning with the anxious summer of 1914, this historic, en-face edition presents the first-person recollections of a foot soldier in the Austrian Army, fresh from his days as a philosophy student at Cambridge, who must grapple with the hazing of his fellow soldiers, the stirrings of a forbidden sexuality, and the formation of an explosive analytical philosophy that seemed to draw meaning from his endless brushes with death. Much like Tolstoy's The Gospel in Brief, Private Notebooks takes us on a personal journey to discovery as it augments our knowledge of Wittgenstein himself"--

There is by now broad consensus in the critical literature that neoliberalism and social conservatism have frequently coexisted in practice. Yet the alt-right fits none of the previously identified alliances: this is not the neoliberal neoconservatism of the Reagan and Bush years, nor the neoliberal communitarianism of the Third Way, nor even a form of neoliberal authoritarianism. Instead, the alt-right claims intellectual descent from economic libertarianism, on the one hand, and paleo- (as opposed to neo-) conservatism on the other. This paper traces the contours of this 'paleolibertarian' alliance, first by following the volatile political trajectory of Murray Rothbard, the foremost philosopher of American libertarianism, and, second, by uncovering precedents in the longer history of the American far right. It will be argued that paleoconservatism makes for a uniquely powerful ally because it offers a workable response to libertarianism's intrinsic contradictions.

Wittgenstein, possibly the most influential philosopher of the twentieth century, is often labelled a Neopositivist, a New-Kantian, even a Sceptic. Questions on Wittgenstein, first published in 1988, presents a selection of nine essays investigating a matter of vital philosophical importance: Wittgenstein's relationship to his Austrian predecessors and peers. The intention throughout is to determine the precise contours of Wittgenstein's own thought by situating it within its formative context.Although it remains of particular interest to Anglo-Saxon philosophers, special familiarity with Aust

The German-Austrian social theorist and philosopher Leo Kofler (1907-1995) represents what Oskar Negt once called ?unmutilated, living Marxism?. Throughout his life he dealt with issues of history and modernity, Marxist philosophy and the critique of ideology, philosophical anthropology and aesthetics. In this volume, author and Kofler biographer Christoph Jünke elucidates the contours of his philosophy of praxis, traces an arc from the socialist classics to postmodernism, and outlines the socialist humanist thinker?s enduring relevance. The book also includes six essays by Leo Kofler published in English for the first time.00The main work was first published in German as 'Leo Koflers Philosophie der Praxis: Eine Einführung in sein Denken' by Laika Verlag, 2015

A transdisciplinary approach to literacy research, practice, and policy
Patriann Smith, Associate Professor at the University of South Florida's Department of Teaching and Learning, discusses transdisciplinarity and how it could inform approaches to literacy research, practice, and policy. Transdisciplinarity, defined as 'that which is at once between the disciplines, across the different disciplines, and beyond all disciplines' (Nicolescu, 2010, p. 22), was first identified in the research of Jean Piaget (1986-1980), a Swiss philosopher and psychologist. Emerging then as that which existed 'between' and 'across' disciplines, and later by Austrian thinker Erich Jantsch as that which existed 'within' disciplines, transdisciplinarity eventually came to connote freedom of thought as espoused by Edgar Morin.

The global lockdown following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to generate all sorts of consequences: psychological, social, economic, and political. To hypothesize about what will emerge from the present situation is at this point both premature and impossible. The impossibility comes primarily from the gravity and vastness of this emergency and from the lack of intellectual resources to deal with the challenge. At the same time, however, the need to get a grasp of the condition in which we have found ourselves is both understandable and irresistible. One way of responding, at least partially, to the demand and its possible consequences may be to refer to the concept of abstract society, an idea formulated 75 years ago by the Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper.

ABSTRACT"The Holy Roman Empire was neither Holy nor Roman, nor an Empire." For the historian, Voltaire's famous quip has three aspects: 1) What did Voltaire mean by it in 1756 when he wrote the line in his Essay on Customs? 2) How did contemporaries, including the Austrian Habsburgs, understand it? 3) Does the quote accurately describe the events the Philosophe is discussing (Charles IV of Bohemia and the Golden Bull of 1356)? Voltaire in fact exaggerates the weakness of the Empire in both 1356 and 1756, and uses an anachronistic standard to evaluate both: the quasi nation states of the 1750s. The three parts of the imperial title had changed in meaning during the four centuries after 1356. The jibe nonetheless reflects something of the thought of Voltaire and the French Enlightenment.

1. Anarcho-Syndicalism. Sam Dolgoff-Encounter with the "Last Anarchist" The Ancestors and Classics of Anarcho-Syndicalism. Michael Bakunin. Peter Kropotkin. Alexander Berkman. Rudolf Rocker. Isaak Puente and Diego Abad Santillan. The Last Anarchist. Noam Chomsky - A "Fellow Traveler" of Anarcho-Syndicalism -- 2. Eco-Anarchism. An Encounter with Murray Bookchin and the Greens of Vermont. Social Ecology and Deep Ecology. An Oasis of Enlightenment in Dark Times. Ecofeminism. A Revolutionary in Changing Times. Vote for Municipalism. The Town Meeting. Later On. Murray Bookchin - The Philosopher. Eco-Anarchism, the Youth Movement, and the Affluent Society. The Ecology of Freedom. Long Live the Past. The Utopia of the Third Way -- 3. Anarcho-Capitalism. Murray Rothbard - A Visit with Mr. Libertarian. The Anarcho-Capitalist Family Tree. Individualism Between Harmony and Dog-Eat-Dog. Laissez-faire Liberalism and the Austrian School of Economics. The Queen of Reason: Ayn Rand