Master's thesis examines local autonomy in Lithuania in 1990–2015. The scientific problem of the thesis is expressed with these questions: "What are conceptions of local autonomy and particularities of its measuring? What were extent and expression of local autonomy in Lithuania in 1990–2015? What are feasible changes of local autonomy in Lithuania?" Theoretical part of the thesis reveals and compares conceptions of local autonomy and particularities of its measuring, examines philosophical and sociocultural issues of local government and its autonomy. Summing-up that: 1. Local autonomy is a multidimensional concept. 2. When describing this phenomenon always directly or indirectly arises a dichotomic problem – "how is autonomy theoretically and how it is practically?" 3. There may be three types of local autonomy: political–administrative, financial, subjectful. 4. Local government is highly important for the public governance. It serves as a school not only for politicians, but for all citizens. It implements political socialization, transfers elements of political culture, gives stability and adaptability for the entire political system. 5. Local autonomy should not be considered as an absolute worth. Its extent should comply with the existing level of political and civic culture. Empirical research methods: analysis of legal documents, analysis of scientific and other literature. Analysis of legal documents has been used to reveal extent and expression of local autonomy in Lithuania in 1990–2015. Analysis of scientific and other literature has been used to consider feasible changes of local autonomy in Lithuania. Project's "Local Autonomy Index" instrument has been applied in the research. Main results of the empirical research: Local autonomy in Lithuania from 1990 to 2015 increased, but few. Mostly due to the tax reforms in 2002, which reduced the financial autonomy. Most other components of autonomy were slowly increasing. This shows that Lithuania's local government policy is being changed slowly, there is little innovation – while there is still a big potential to increase autonomy – local autonomy index value in 2015 was 23.5 points out of a maximum possible 37 points. Feasible changes have been discussed in the following areas: local government competence division in the legislation; increasing autonomy in the police, decreasing autonomy in the public transport; local government powers on property taxes and on the personal income tax; legitimation and development of local taxes; changing some of the conditional transfers to unconditional; legitimation of municipal bonds; changing civil servants salary coefficients from fixed to interval; various forms of increasing territorial units influence over the entire state governance. Project's "Local Autonomy Index" instrument can be considered as an optimally detailed for a wide-period research. Though, it is not enough detailed for a short-period research (especially – with the intention of predicting potential trends of local government development).
Master's thesis examines local autonomy in Lithuania in 1990–2015. The scientific problem of the thesis is expressed with these questions: "What are conceptions of local autonomy and particularities of its measuring? What were extent and expression of local autonomy in Lithuania in 1990–2015? What are feasible changes of local autonomy in Lithuania?" Theoretical part of the thesis reveals and compares conceptions of local autonomy and particularities of its measuring, examines philosophical and sociocultural issues of local government and its autonomy. Summing-up that: 1. Local autonomy is a multidimensional concept. 2. When describing this phenomenon always directly or indirectly arises a dichotomic problem – "how is autonomy theoretically and how it is practically?" 3. There may be three types of local autonomy: political–administrative, financial, subjectful. 4. Local government is highly important for the public governance. It serves as a school not only for politicians, but for all citizens. It implements political socialization, transfers elements of political culture, gives stability and adaptability for the entire political system. 5. Local autonomy should not be considered as an absolute worth. Its extent should comply with the existing level of political and civic culture. Empirical research methods: analysis of legal documents, analysis of scientific and other literature. Analysis of legal documents has been used to reveal extent and expression of local autonomy in Lithuania in 1990–2015. Analysis of scientific and other literature has been used to consider feasible changes of local autonomy in Lithuania. Project's "Local Autonomy Index" instrument has been applied in the research. Main results of the empirical research: Local autonomy in Lithuania from 1990 to 2015 increased, but few. Mostly due to the tax reforms in 2002, which reduced the financial autonomy. Most other components of autonomy were slowly increasing. This shows that Lithuania's local government policy is being changed slowly, there is little innovation – while there is still a big potential to increase autonomy – local autonomy index value in 2015 was 23.5 points out of a maximum possible 37 points. Feasible changes have been discussed in the following areas: local government competence division in the legislation; increasing autonomy in the police, decreasing autonomy in the public transport; local government powers on property taxes and on the personal income tax; legitimation and development of local taxes; changing some of the conditional transfers to unconditional; legitimation of municipal bonds; changing civil servants salary coefficients from fixed to interval; various forms of increasing territorial units influence over the entire state governance. Project's "Local Autonomy Index" instrument can be considered as an optimally detailed for a wide-period research. Though, it is not enough detailed for a short-period research (especially – with the intention of predicting potential trends of local government development).
Personal Autonomy and Limits of Legal Regulation Personal autonomy is one of the most important principles under which the legislative authority is creating the laws. However, personal autonomy is not absolute, individuals are allowed to act freely within their limits of autonomy, as long as it does not interfere with the autonomy of others and does not violate other rights and values which are also protected by law. This master's thesis analyzes the relationship between personal autonomy and legal regulation. To illustrate the topic, it is chosen to analyze the legal regulation of a person's reproductive rights (termination of pregnancy, assisted reproduction, giving birth at home), because of the frequent public debate on these topics. The individual's autonomy in the field of reproduction is not only important for the implementation of autonomy as a value, but it is in the area of autonomy that human rights are guaranteed and protected. The thesis analyzes the autonomy of a person as interpreted by Lithuanian courts and the European Court of Human Rights, as well as presents the concepts of individual autonomy of different scholars, explores whether there are similarities among different concepts. According to the selected features of personal autonomy, the limits of a person's autonomy as defined in the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania regulating termination of pregnancy, assisted fertilization and home birth are analyzed. The European Court of Human Rights has recognized that individual autonomy is an important principle underpinning the interpretation of Article 8 of the Convention. However the members of Council of Europe do not always ensure respect for the personal autonomy, and thus seek to clarify when limitations of personal autonomy can be justified under the Convention.
Personal Autonomy and Limits of Legal Regulation Personal autonomy is one of the most important principles under which the legislative authority is creating the laws. However, personal autonomy is not absolute, individuals are allowed to act freely within their limits of autonomy, as long as it does not interfere with the autonomy of others and does not violate other rights and values which are also protected by law. This master's thesis analyzes the relationship between personal autonomy and legal regulation. To illustrate the topic, it is chosen to analyze the legal regulation of a person's reproductive rights (termination of pregnancy, assisted reproduction, giving birth at home), because of the frequent public debate on these topics. The individual's autonomy in the field of reproduction is not only important for the implementation of autonomy as a value, but it is in the area of autonomy that human rights are guaranteed and protected. The thesis analyzes the autonomy of a person as interpreted by Lithuanian courts and the European Court of Human Rights, as well as presents the concepts of individual autonomy of different scholars, explores whether there are similarities among different concepts. According to the selected features of personal autonomy, the limits of a person's autonomy as defined in the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania regulating termination of pregnancy, assisted fertilization and home birth are analyzed. The European Court of Human Rights has recognized that individual autonomy is an important principle underpinning the interpretation of Article 8 of the Convention. However the members of Council of Europe do not always ensure respect for the personal autonomy, and thus seek to clarify when limitations of personal autonomy can be justified under the Convention.
Personal Autonomy and Limits of Legal Regulation Personal autonomy is one of the most important principles under which the legislative authority is creating the laws. However, personal autonomy is not absolute, individuals are allowed to act freely within their limits of autonomy, as long as it does not interfere with the autonomy of others and does not violate other rights and values which are also protected by law. This master's thesis analyzes the relationship between personal autonomy and legal regulation. To illustrate the topic, it is chosen to analyze the legal regulation of a person's reproductive rights (termination of pregnancy, assisted reproduction, giving birth at home), because of the frequent public debate on these topics. The individual's autonomy in the field of reproduction is not only important for the implementation of autonomy as a value, but it is in the area of autonomy that human rights are guaranteed and protected. The thesis analyzes the autonomy of a person as interpreted by Lithuanian courts and the European Court of Human Rights, as well as presents the concepts of individual autonomy of different scholars, explores whether there are similarities among different concepts. According to the selected features of personal autonomy, the limits of a person's autonomy as defined in the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania regulating termination of pregnancy, assisted fertilization and home birth are analyzed. The European Court of Human Rights has recognized that individual autonomy is an important principle underpinning the interpretation of Article 8 of the Convention. However the members of Council of Europe do not always ensure respect for the personal autonomy, and thus seek to clarify when limitations of personal autonomy can be justified under the Convention.
Personal Autonomy and Limits of Legal Regulation Personal autonomy is one of the most important principles under which the legislative authority is creating the laws. However, personal autonomy is not absolute, individuals are allowed to act freely within their limits of autonomy, as long as it does not interfere with the autonomy of others and does not violate other rights and values which are also protected by law. This master's thesis analyzes the relationship between personal autonomy and legal regulation. To illustrate the topic, it is chosen to analyze the legal regulation of a person's reproductive rights (termination of pregnancy, assisted reproduction, giving birth at home), because of the frequent public debate on these topics. The individual's autonomy in the field of reproduction is not only important for the implementation of autonomy as a value, but it is in the area of autonomy that human rights are guaranteed and protected. The thesis analyzes the autonomy of a person as interpreted by Lithuanian courts and the European Court of Human Rights, as well as presents the concepts of individual autonomy of different scholars, explores whether there are similarities among different concepts. According to the selected features of personal autonomy, the limits of a person's autonomy as defined in the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania regulating termination of pregnancy, assisted fertilization and home birth are analyzed. The European Court of Human Rights has recognized that individual autonomy is an important principle underpinning the interpretation of Article 8 of the Convention. However the members of Council of Europe do not always ensure respect for the personal autonomy, and thus seek to clarify when limitations of personal autonomy can be justified under the Convention.
This master thesis analyses restrictions of the implementation of person's autonomy in contract law. This thesis studies the basis and tools of limitations of freedom of contract, as the essence of the implementation of person's autonomy in contract law. It analyses the restrictions of this principle in the doctrine of law, legislation, practice, as well, in non - mandatory documents, which are held to be very important to contract law. The hypothesis raised in this master thesis has been confirmed. The number of cases when the politics of solidarity is being implemented in contract law has been increasing. This is mostly typical to the areas, where the protection of rights and legitimate interests of weaker parties of contract is needed. However the freedom of contract is not losing its importance and still is the essential idea of contract law. It is recognized in the jurisprudence, the legislation, practice. Non - mandatory documents, significant to contract law, are also based on this principle. The possibility for person to function in market without any groundless and disproportionate limitations is an essential condition for efficiently operating economics. For this reason the implementation of person's autonomy in contract law has to be restricted only when these restrictions are necessary and only using tools, which are reasonable and proportionate. Formal and severe limitations should be exception to the general rule. The right and duty of a court to evaluate every case individually is significant for the implementation of freedom of contract. However restrictions of person's autonomy does not deny it, they guarantee it. Party autonomy is being transferred to another level of quality, where parties achieve the most beneficent version of their agreement. This agreement is a feature of efficient legal and economic system. Reasonable balance between rights and legitimate interests of different people, as well as the society, should be the aim of regulation of contract law.
This master thesis analyses restrictions of the implementation of person's autonomy in contract law. This thesis studies the basis and tools of limitations of freedom of contract, as the essence of the implementation of person's autonomy in contract law. It analyses the restrictions of this principle in the doctrine of law, legislation, practice, as well, in non - mandatory documents, which are held to be very important to contract law. The hypothesis raised in this master thesis has been confirmed. The number of cases when the politics of solidarity is being implemented in contract law has been increasing. This is mostly typical to the areas, where the protection of rights and legitimate interests of weaker parties of contract is needed. However the freedom of contract is not losing its importance and still is the essential idea of contract law. It is recognized in the jurisprudence, the legislation, practice. Non - mandatory documents, significant to contract law, are also based on this principle. The possibility for person to function in market without any groundless and disproportionate limitations is an essential condition for efficiently operating economics. For this reason the implementation of person's autonomy in contract law has to be restricted only when these restrictions are necessary and only using tools, which are reasonable and proportionate. Formal and severe limitations should be exception to the general rule. The right and duty of a court to evaluate every case individually is significant for the implementation of freedom of contract. However restrictions of person's autonomy does not deny it, they guarantee it. Party autonomy is being transferred to another level of quality, where parties achieve the most beneficent version of their agreement. This agreement is a feature of efficient legal and economic system. Reasonable balance between rights and legitimate interests of different people, as well as the society, should be the aim of regulation of contract law.
The idea of the institutional autonomy of universities emerged in the Middle Ages. As a preserved tradition, it has become an important principle of a democratic society on which university activities are based. The Magna Charta Universitatum – signed by many universities around the world – the European University Association, and the European Union have developed a new concept of institutional autonomy for universities based on the belief that institutional autonomy is the best precondition for the efficiency of universities and societal progress. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania examined 11 cases related to issues of the autonomy of higher education institutions. In examining these cases, the Court formed a Constitutional Doctrine, providing an interpretation of paragraph 3 of Article 40 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, which deals with the granting of autonomy to higher education institutions. In several rulings, the Court has held that legal acts adopted by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania and the Government of the Republic of Lithuania have unreasonably restricted the autonomy of higher education institutions and violated the Constitution. At the same time, the Court has repeatedly emphasized in its rulings that neither the autonomy of higher education institutions nor academic freedom are an end in themselves, and that the autonomy guaranteed to higher education institutions and the freedom of science and research are not absolute.
After regaining its independence Lithuania, like other post-soviet states, faced challenges associated with the recognition of the new state and its involvement in the family of old and new democracies. Lithuania made the step from a centralised and highly regulated media system towards decentralisation. Media outlets that had been previously particularly thoroughly regulated by the state had to be transferred to new owners, while the media outlets, which operated according to the model of soviet media, had to shift to democratic models operating in Western countries. The creation of the new media model (system) was driven by the last legislative act approved by the Supreme Council of Lithuania regulating the work of media. The Law on Press and Other Mass Information Media adopted in 1990 banned censorship and limited the influence of the state on the work of the media. When the media outlets were privatised in 1990 they were acquired by their incumbent editors and staff; however several years later the media outlets were sold to new publishers from abroad and Lithuania (Nugaraitė, 2004). The nascent new media system of Lithuania, the striving for freedom of speech and press, as well as the Law on Provision of Information to the Public adopted in 1996 led scientists to take a look at the Lithuanian media system and to analyse the model it belongs to and whether it is independent – separated from different external and internal influences. Discussing the Lithuanian media system, scientist D. Jastramskis concluded that the Lithuanian media system has acquired some of the features of the polarised pluralistic model. In his opinion, the debilitation of commercial media and economic undertakings prevailing in Lithuania through legal and economic measures, the increase of state support for the media, as well as the financial implications of national, municipal and political organisations' advertising orders on the budgets of media organisations determine the dependence of media organisations on the subjects of the political system (Jastramskis, 2011). Media independence and freedom of speech and press are among the key principles for the assurance of democracy in Western societies. Professional autonomy derives from the fundamental function of the media in a democratic society: providing correct and impartial information to society and revealing the diversity of opinions. Professional autonomy is one of the most important criteria of professionalism. Fulfilling the criterion the journalists should control their work themselves and conduct themselves autonomously in editorial offices (Singer, 2007). However, although the journalists make the decisions themselves and possibly control their work, these decisions are affected by greater forces in editorial offices and beyond. Relationships with other players, media institutions and society play a significant role when realising the personal autonomy of the media professional (Harro-Loit, Lauk, Kuutti and Loit, 2012). This paper is aimed at presenting a complex approach to the media autonomy concept, with particular focus on the most real aspects of journalistic activity and the factors affecting them. The paper actualises the notion of media and professional autonomy, introduces the western tradition of journalistic culture and considers the decisions being made and how they affect professional independence in Lithuanian news editorial offices. The practical research part of this paper mostly focuses on the editorial offices operating online. There are several reasons for this: these editorial offices are new and have a budding new organisational culture operating within; hence we assume that journalistic freedom and autonomy should acquire distinctive features there. Based on the findings of the research conducted into the relationships of business and government structures with the media, and the data of the survey of editors and journalists, it can be stated that several factors affect the autonomy of editorial offices and journalists of Lithuanian internet portals: owners of the media outlet; political and business interests of the owners; absence of ethical norms such as documents regulating professional activities; absence of mechanisms for feedback and resolution of conflicts of interests; lack of transparency and impartiality of internet portals; political and business interests; hierarchical structure of the editorial office. Analysis of the information about owners and documents published in internet portals revealed that the editorial offices either do not provide any information about shareholders (owners) altogether or this information is provided to the general public in a laconic and sleek manner. Regardless of the fact that some of the portals provide information that shareholders do not interfere with the work of the editorial office, none of them referred to a mechanism for dissociating the editorial office from the interests of the owners (shareholders). The portals do not provide information about the mechanisms for resolving conflicts (between the readers and the editorial office) operated in the editorial offices. Moreover, there is no information on how the conflicts of editors and journalists pertaining to professional ethics are resolved. The majority of editorial offices (except for Delfi.lt) do not familiarise readers with their work culture. The survey of the journalists and editors of internet media outlets revealed that the editorial offices are not sufficiently autonomous – the majority of those surveyed do not think they work in autonomous editorial offices. The lack of autonomy of editorial offices of the internet portals was also corroborated by the fact that there are topics avoided by journalists and editors alike. Generally they are associated with competitors, politicians or business structures, advertising customers and interests of owners. It can be assumed, based on the corpus of the replies given by editors and journalists that a strong hierarchical structure prevails in editorial offices influencing the individual autonomy of journalists. The overall analysis of the journalist replies shows that the journalists do not complete the texts themselves (texts are corrected; titles are changed). Although the corrections are coordinated with the journalists, the editors make the final decision concerning them. Moreover, the lack of professional autonomy of the journalists is also shown by the fact that journalists are commissioned to write articles, whereas certain articles are removed from the internet space.
Based on the international review of SOE's management practice and appropriate academical literature review, the paper seeks to explain and summarise main determinants of SOE performance efficiency. Specific case of Lithuania and / or other post-soviet countries have not be analysed in depth. Therefore, elements of SOE performance management are being analysed in this paper to understand the relations between SOE and its shareholder (state / government), SOE profitability and its contribution to the budget, quality of SOE services and production, the level of public and state interest to be included into the performance indicators of the specific SOE (e.g., in cases of natural monopolies and / or strategic interests of the state). A ccordingly, as per main paradigms of public administration (including the analysis of traditional bureaucratic system, new public management (NPM) and post-NPM) SOE performance efficiency is being analysed via control or management autonomy concepts. B ased on the analysis of best practices, summarised SOE management experiences of OECD countries, it is seen that the control of the state is being influenced via regulative and / or strategic resource management decisions. On the other hand, the autonomy of SOE is mainly related to the economical results (e.g., strong economical performance will increase the autonomy of SOE), market environment SOE is working in (e.g., high level of competition will require bigger autonomy of SOE), other factors (e.g., reputation of the executive managers of the SOE). Thus, analytical model (set of determining factors) which could be applied for the analysis of Lithuanian SOE management reform and its impact is being presented below: (i) External environment (political, social, competitive environment); (ii) Level of managerial autonomy (in the areas of strategic, market, financial, operational management); (iii) Public visibility via the number of customers, nature of services / goods provided by the company; (iv) Performance and economical efficiency (size of the company, revenue generated). The biggest challenge of the presented model is that factors identified above are interdependently related. However, despite this challenge, in further researches this model will be tested on the base of Lithuanian SOE's seeking (1) to understand the actual level of influence of the above mentioned factors to the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs, (2) adapt and improve the model based on the empirical evidence of the research.
Based on the international review of SOE's management practice and appropriate academical literature review, the paper seeks to explain and summarise main determinants of SOE performance efficiency. Specific case of Lithuania and / or other post-soviet countries have not be analysed in depth. Therefore, elements of SOE performance management are being analysed in this paper to understand the relations between SOE and its shareholder (state / government), SOE profitability and its contribution to the budget, quality of SOE services and production, the level of public and state interest to be included into the performance indicators of the specific SOE (e.g., in cases of natural monopolies and / or strategic interests of the state). A ccordingly, as per main paradigms of public administration (including the analysis of traditional bureaucratic system, new public management (NPM) and post-NPM) SOE performance efficiency is being analysed via control or management autonomy concepts. B ased on the analysis of best practices, summarised SOE management experiences of OECD countries, it is seen that the control of the state is being influenced via regulative and / or strategic resource management decisions. On the other hand, the autonomy of SOE is mainly related to the economical results (e.g., strong economical performance will increase the autonomy of SOE), market environment SOE is working in (e.g., high level of competition will require bigger autonomy of SOE), other factors (e.g., reputation of the executive managers of the SOE). Thus, analytical model (set of determining factors) which could be applied for the analysis of Lithuanian SOE management reform and its impact is being presented below: (i) External environment (political, social, competitive environment); (ii) Level of managerial autonomy (in the areas of strategic, market, financial, operational management); (iii) Public visibility via the number of customers, nature of services / goods provided by the company; (iv) Performance and economical efficiency (size of the company, revenue generated). The biggest challenge of the presented model is that factors identified above are interdependently related. However, despite this challenge, in further researches this model will be tested on the base of Lithuanian SOE's seeking (1) to understand the actual level of influence of the above mentioned factors to the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs, (2) adapt and improve the model based on the empirical evidence of the research.
Based on the international review of SOE's management practice and appropriate academical literature review, the paper seeks to explain and summarise main determinants of SOE performance efficiency. Specific case of Lithuania and / or other post-soviet countries have not be analysed in depth. Therefore, elements of SOE performance management are being analysed in this paper to understand the relations between SOE and its shareholder (state / government), SOE profitability and its contribution to the budget, quality of SOE services and production, the level of public and state interest to be included into the performance indicators of the specific SOE (e.g., in cases of natural monopolies and / or strategic interests of the state). A ccordingly, as per main paradigms of public administration (including the analysis of traditional bureaucratic system, new public management (NPM) and post-NPM) SOE performance efficiency is being analysed via control or management autonomy concepts. B ased on the analysis of best practices, summarised SOE management experiences of OECD countries, it is seen that the control of the state is being influenced via regulative and / or strategic resource management decisions. On the other hand, the autonomy of SOE is mainly related to the economical results (e.g., strong economical performance will increase the autonomy of SOE), market environment SOE is working in (e.g., high level of competition will require bigger autonomy of SOE), other factors (e.g., reputation of the executive managers of the SOE). Thus, analytical model (set of determining factors) which could be applied for the analysis of Lithuanian SOE management reform and its impact is being presented below: (i) External environment (political, social, competitive environment); (ii) Level of managerial autonomy (in the areas of strategic, market, financial, operational management); (iii) Public visibility via the number of customers, nature of services / goods provided by the company; (iv) Performance and economical efficiency (size of the company, revenue generated). The biggest challenge of the presented model is that factors identified above are interdependently related. However, despite this challenge, in further researches this model will be tested on the base of Lithuanian SOE's seeking (1) to understand the actual level of influence of the above mentioned factors to the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs, (2) adapt and improve the model based on the empirical evidence of the research.
Based on the international review of SOE's management practice and appropriate academical literature review, the paper seeks to explain and summarise main determinants of SOE performance efficiency. Specific case of Lithuania and / or other post-soviet countries have not be analysed in depth. Therefore, elements of SOE performance management are being analysed in this paper to understand the relations between SOE and its shareholder (state / government), SOE profitability and its contribution to the budget, quality of SOE services and production, the level of public and state interest to be included into the performance indicators of the specific SOE (e.g., in cases of natural monopolies and / or strategic interests of the state). A ccordingly, as per main paradigms of public administration (including the analysis of traditional bureaucratic system, new public management (NPM) and post-NPM) SOE performance efficiency is being analysed via control or management autonomy concepts. B ased on the analysis of best practices, summarised SOE management experiences of OECD countries, it is seen that the control of the state is being influenced via regulative and / or strategic resource management decisions. On the other hand, the autonomy of SOE is mainly related to the economical results (e.g., strong economical performance will increase the autonomy of SOE), market environment SOE is working in (e.g., high level of competition will require bigger autonomy of SOE), other factors (e.g., reputation of the executive managers of the SOE). Thus, analytical model (set of determining factors) which could be applied for the analysis of Lithuanian SOE management reform and its impact is being presented below: (i) External environment (political, social, competitive environment); (ii) Level of managerial autonomy (in the areas of strategic, market, financial, operational management); (iii) Public visibility via the number of customers, nature of services / goods provided by the company; (iv) Performance and economical efficiency (size of the company, revenue generated). The biggest challenge of the presented model is that factors identified above are interdependently related. However, despite this challenge, in further researches this model will be tested on the base of Lithuanian SOE's seeking (1) to understand the actual level of influence of the above mentioned factors to the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs, (2) adapt and improve the model based on the empirical evidence of the research.
The independent Republic of Lithuania, with Kaunas settled as the capital in 1919, rebuilt the foundations of modern Jewish, as well as Lithuanian, culture. In the newly formed state of Lithuania, the second largest community in the provisional capital was busy establishing its cultural life and searching for its identity. In the case of art, there was a correlation between the attempts to join the general artistic life of Lithuania and the satisfaction of the inner needs of the community. Lithuania's familiarity with Jewish art has been rather one-sided: what prevails is the analysis of Jewish artists' activity and creative work from the point of view of their integration into the general culture of the country. For this reason, the picture of interwar Lithuania's Jewish art and its contexts that has formed in Lithuanian art studies is incomplete, and many artists and artistic events have remained in the margins or completely unknown. This applies to the art and artists dedicated to the needs of the Jewish community, but also to the activities of local Jewish artists in other countries who left Lithuania. Jewish art life in Lithuania, as an individual and unique process that experienced ebbs and flows, adapted to political and historical realities, and absorbed and reflected a wide range of influences, was multifaceted and varied. Its trucated cognition does not allow us to see the overall picture as a whole, as a distinctive element of interwar Lithuanian cultural life. This kind of congition offers a new insight into the migration of artistic ideas and influences, art organisers and participants, and is important for the history of Jewish culture, but also for the general history of Lithuanian culture.
