Self-government as a structure, representing the interests of the local residents and organising social and political life, plays an important role in many political systems of the country. It is perceived as the lowest and the closest territorial link of the political system to the civil society. Self-government institutions such as the municipality and eldership are aware of the problems faced by the local residents in everyday life. Local self-government institutions are trying to adapt to the changes which motivate to investigate specific community issues, opportunities and needs of the inevitable development of the area. Lithuanian rural development is inseparable from the long-term development of the European Union's strategic directions and priorities. Recently, local authorities have become significant participants in the rural development. Self-government as a structure, representing the interests of the local residents and organising social and political life, plays an important role in many political systems of the country. It is perceived as the lowest and the closest territorial link of the political system to the civil society. It helps the citizens express their interests, control how those interests are being implemented and, at the same time, influence other institutions of the country. The relevance of the topic is related to the fact that the ever-changing environment provides people with new opportunities, but it causes a lot of problems as well. The changes have radically modified the concept of local development and activities: from a centralised model of transition to exogenous and endogenous decentralised model. The latter is based on local initiatives, resources, and innovations. The European rural development policy provides new functions for rural areas such as economic, social, environmental and territorial. [.]
Self-government as a structure, representing the interests of the local residents and organising social and political life, plays an important role in many political systems of the country. It is perceived as the lowest and the closest territorial link of the political system to the civil society. Self-government institutions such as the municipality and eldership are aware of the problems faced by the local residents in everyday life. Local self-government institutions are trying to adapt to the changes which motivate to investigate specific community issues, opportunities and needs of the inevitable development of the area. Lithuanian rural development is inseparable from the long-term development of the European Union's strategic directions and priorities. Recently, local authorities have become significant participants in the rural development. Self-government as a structure, representing the interests of the local residents and organising social and political life, plays an important role in many political systems of the country. It is perceived as the lowest and the closest territorial link of the political system to the civil society. It helps the citizens express their interests, control how those interests are being implemented and, at the same time, influence other institutions of the country. The relevance of the topic is related to the fact that the ever-changing environment provides people with new opportunities, but it causes a lot of problems as well. The changes have radically modified the concept of local development and activities: from a centralised model of transition to exogenous and endogenous decentralised model. The latter is based on local initiatives, resources, and innovations. The European rural development policy provides new functions for rural areas such as economic, social, environmental and territorial. [.]
When companies provide information about their financial situation and results for the users of accounting information, we can call it as a type of communication, and a mean of this communication – financial statements – are regulated in many countries, i.e. unified for the purpose to present financial situation of different companies in the same form. Besides, not only each country's accounting is regulated, but international accounting standards, EU directives are issued, which are applicable not for one country, but internationally. There are three levels of accounting regulation: international, national and company's level. Perhaps one of the most important levels – national regulation – is analyzed in this paper. However, while analyzing national accounting regulation, international level couldn't be ignored and it's influence to national accounting regulation is considered as well. The aim of this work was to create a model of accounting regulation and check it's application to Lithuanian conditions, after the analysis of essence, necessity and process of accounting regulation, in accordance with the component parts of this process. Analyzing the necessity questions of accounting regulation, accounting regulation theories, political process of regulation, comparison and interpretation of different foreign authors' literature were used. Coming through the aim of the work a theoretic accounting regulation model was created, using deductive method. For the presentation of qualitative data and other information a schematism was used. To prove an application of the model, case analysis was used with the data of Lithuania. The accounting regulation model was created, showing relevance between accounting regulation demand and supply, inclusive political and technical process. It allows us better understand the participants of this process and their activities. According to Lithuanian conditions the links settled in the accounting regulation model was proved in practice, application and usefulness of the model was presented, elaborating the model in accordance with Lithuanian circumstances. The paper consists of 70 pages. There are 8 tables and 16 pictures in it.
When companies provide information about their financial situation and results for the users of accounting information, we can call it as a type of communication, and a mean of this communication – financial statements – are regulated in many countries, i.e. unified for the purpose to present financial situation of different companies in the same form. Besides, not only each country's accounting is regulated, but international accounting standards, EU directives are issued, which are applicable not for one country, but internationally. There are three levels of accounting regulation: international, national and company's level. Perhaps one of the most important levels – national regulation – is analyzed in this paper. However, while analyzing national accounting regulation, international level couldn't be ignored and it's influence to national accounting regulation is considered as well. The aim of this work was to create a model of accounting regulation and check it's application to Lithuanian conditions, after the analysis of essence, necessity and process of accounting regulation, in accordance with the component parts of this process. Analyzing the necessity questions of accounting regulation, accounting regulation theories, political process of regulation, comparison and interpretation of different foreign authors' literature were used. Coming through the aim of the work a theoretic accounting regulation model was created, using deductive method. For the presentation of qualitative data and other information a schematism was used. To prove an application of the model, case analysis was used with the data of Lithuania. The accounting regulation model was created, showing relevance between accounting regulation demand and supply, inclusive political and technical process. It allows us better understand the participants of this process and their activities. According to Lithuanian conditions the links settled in the accounting regulation model was proved in practice, application and usefulness of the model was presented, elaborating the model in accordance with Lithuanian circumstances. The paper consists of 70 pages. There are 8 tables and 16 pictures in it.
High value of intellectual capital is believed to be source of innovation-based competitive advantage, which is main factor of business and whole economy growth. However, the link between national intellectual capital and economic growth remains the object of scientific discussions. The purpose of this dissertation is upon examination of the theoretical approaches to the national intellectual capital and designing the intellectual capital measurement model, to determine the intellectual capital value in the European Union countries, and its impact on economic growth. The dissertation fleshed out national intellectual capital concept and structural model, as well as summarized studies of national intellectual capital influence on economic growth. The national intellectual capital measurement model was proposed based on postulates of national intellectual capital theoretical model and analysis of its measurement models. An empiric study evaluated national intellectual capital of the EU countries during the period of 2002-2012 and its influence on economic growth. The influence of national intellectual capital on economic growth is analysed in clusters of counties based on their economic development, long-term and short-term influence is analysed, national intellectual capital and its components' influence are separately evaluated.
High value of intellectual capital is believed to be source of innovation-based competitive advantage, which is main factor of business and whole economy growth. However, the link between national intellectual capital and economic growth remains the object of scientific discussions. The purpose of this dissertation is upon examination of the theoretical approaches to the national intellectual capital and designing the intellectual capital measurement model, to determine the intellectual capital value in the European Union countries, and its impact on economic growth. The dissertation fleshed out national intellectual capital concept and structural model, as well as summarized studies of national intellectual capital influence on economic growth. The national intellectual capital measurement model was proposed based on postulates of national intellectual capital theoretical model and analysis of its measurement models. An empiric study evaluated national intellectual capital of the EU countries during the period of 2002-2012 and its influence on economic growth. The influence of national intellectual capital on economic growth is analysed in clusters of counties based on their economic development, long-term and short-term influence is analysed, national intellectual capital and its components' influence are separately evaluated.
The final goal of diploma paper is to assess the influence of political marketing costs on election results. To achieve the objective, the policy and political marketing concept is analyzed in a theoretical part of the paper, together with interpretation of political marketing model as well as the analysis of the political party campaign finance laws and political advertising. Final analytical part provides an analysis of the Municipal Council election results of the Republic of Lithuania. Using the calculated costs of the income and expenditure of the Lithuanian Social Democrats, the Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats and the Labor party's political campaign of the mandate of the city of Vilnius and Kaunas elective districts, and Lithuania. In a designed part of the paper , solutions are formulated how to attract voters and how to get the greatest number of mandates : 1. A separate segment of the future and current university students (undergraduate students) should be distinguished; 2. LSDP when positioning must rely on their many years of experience and knowledge. 3. HU-LSC has to reduce its negative image and position itself as a positive development and change aiming party; 4. LP may be positioning itself as the leading party which helps a middle class people to seek an education.
The final goal of diploma paper is to assess the influence of political marketing costs on election results. To achieve the objective, the policy and political marketing concept is analyzed in a theoretical part of the paper, together with interpretation of political marketing model as well as the analysis of the political party campaign finance laws and political advertising. Final analytical part provides an analysis of the Municipal Council election results of the Republic of Lithuania. Using the calculated costs of the income and expenditure of the Lithuanian Social Democrats, the Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats and the Labor party's political campaign of the mandate of the city of Vilnius and Kaunas elective districts, and Lithuania. In a designed part of the paper , solutions are formulated how to attract voters and how to get the greatest number of mandates : 1. A separate segment of the future and current university students (undergraduate students) should be distinguished; 2. LSDP when positioning must rely on their many years of experience and knowledge. 3. HU-LSC has to reduce its negative image and position itself as a positive development and change aiming party; 4. LP may be positioning itself as the leading party which helps a middle class people to seek an education.
The final goal of diploma paper is to assess the influence of political marketing costs on election results. To achieve the objective, the policy and political marketing concept is analyzed in a theoretical part of the paper, together with interpretation of political marketing model as well as the analysis of the political party campaign finance laws and political advertising. Final analytical part provides an analysis of the Municipal Council election results of the Republic of Lithuania. Using the calculated costs of the income and expenditure of the Lithuanian Social Democrats, the Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats and the Labor party's political campaign of the mandate of the city of Vilnius and Kaunas elective districts, and Lithuania. In a designed part of the paper , solutions are formulated how to attract voters and how to get the greatest number of mandates : 1. A separate segment of the future and current university students (undergraduate students) should be distinguished; 2. LSDP when positioning must rely on their many years of experience and knowledge. 3. HU-LSC has to reduce its negative image and position itself as a positive development and change aiming party; 4. LP may be positioning itself as the leading party which helps a middle class people to seek an education.
After the collapse of communism, the post-communist countries had to transform their economic and social systems, democratize the political system, etc. The post-communist countries had to demonstrate their ability and potential to create strong social security system (social model), thereby ensuring the welfare for its citizens. The newly created social models had to rely on a certain notion of prosperity, while the state had to take care of the implementation of the welfare regime, formulate the methods and measures that are necessary for the achievement of the welfare state. There are many attempts at understanding, evaluating and describing the social (welfare) models and their development in post-communist states. Case studies and comparative studies of several countries are used most commonly. Some of the researchers attempt to put the postcommunist model into the traditional typology of G. Esping-Andersen's three models – liberal, conservative and social democratic. However, there is a growing consensus, that the postcommunist states have the features of all three models, are unique and therefore form a separate model. Taking this into account, the aim of this paper is formulated – to identify and analyze social model of post-communist states. G. Esping-Andersen's classification of welfare regimes is considered to be the main and most prevalent in the scientific community, however, many countries have different features of all G. Esping-Andersen's types and do not match just one of the models exactly. It is for this reason that the typology of G. Esping-Andersen has received a lot of criticism of its rigor and therefore there are many attempts to correct, adjust or extend this typology, usually by adding one or more models. One of these attempts applies to the search for a post-communist model. The analysis of social models proves that the social policy of post-communist countries does not reflect any type of G. Esping-Andersen's typology and is so mixed and specific that it should be considered as a separate post-communist model. The post-communist countries are characterized by a lower level of economic and social development, high levels of corruption, high migration rates, social inequality, lower levels of social protection, etc. It was determined that the welfare system of the post-communist states was influenced by three factors: the legacy of the past, the influence of the West and political reforms. The legacy of the past is, above all, communist experience, although it has been proven that the origins of the development of social models and welfare of the post-communist countries backs to the German and Austro-Hungarian empires. The influence of the West is mostly connected to the European Union (because states had to meet strict requirements and make social, economic and political changes in order to become the members of EU) and other international organizations (such as World Bank, International Monetary Fund). Political reforms are mainly related to expanding citizens' rights, increasing social protection and social services. The biggest challenge to the creation of social model and a welfare system was the period of transformation, which took place under difficult circumstances, and was accompanied by shocks, upheavals: in the early 1990's the economic recession has begun, the legacy of the socialist model has led to a limitation of financial resources, the state has faced major demographic changes, the socioeconomic structure of society has changed, savings in the social security system increased as well as poverty, unemployment, inequality etc.
After the collapse of communism, the post-communist countries had to transform their economic and social systems, democratize the political system, etc. The post-communist countries had to demonstrate their ability and potential to create strong social security system (social model), thereby ensuring the welfare for its citizens. The newly created social models had to rely on a certain notion of prosperity, while the state had to take care of the implementation of the welfare regime, formulate the methods and measures that are necessary for the achievement of the welfare state. There are many attempts at understanding, evaluating and describing the social (welfare) models and their development in post-communist states. Case studies and comparative studies of several countries are used most commonly. Some of the researchers attempt to put the postcommunist model into the traditional typology of G. Esping-Andersen's three models – liberal, conservative and social democratic. However, there is a growing consensus, that the postcommunist states have the features of all three models, are unique and therefore form a separate model. Taking this into account, the aim of this paper is formulated – to identify and analyze social model of post-communist states. G. Esping-Andersen's classification of welfare regimes is considered to be the main and most prevalent in the scientific community, however, many countries have different features of all G. Esping-Andersen's types and do not match just one of the models exactly. It is for this reason that the typology of G. Esping-Andersen has received a lot of criticism of its rigor and therefore there are many attempts to correct, adjust or extend this typology, usually by adding one or more models. One of these attempts applies to the search for a post-communist model. The analysis of social models proves that the social policy of post-communist countries does not reflect any type of G. Esping-Andersen's typology and is so mixed and specific that it should be considered as a separate post-communist model. The post-communist countries are characterized by a lower level of economic and social development, high levels of corruption, high migration rates, social inequality, lower levels of social protection, etc. It was determined that the welfare system of the post-communist states was influenced by three factors: the legacy of the past, the influence of the West and political reforms. The legacy of the past is, above all, communist experience, although it has been proven that the origins of the development of social models and welfare of the post-communist countries backs to the German and Austro-Hungarian empires. The influence of the West is mostly connected to the European Union (because states had to meet strict requirements and make social, economic and political changes in order to become the members of EU) and other international organizations (such as World Bank, International Monetary Fund). Political reforms are mainly related to expanding citizens' rights, increasing social protection and social services. The biggest challenge to the creation of social model and a welfare system was the period of transformation, which took place under difficult circumstances, and was accompanied by shocks, upheavals: in the early 1990's the economic recession has begun, the legacy of the socialist model has led to a limitation of financial resources, the state has faced major demographic changes, the socioeconomic structure of society has changed, savings in the social security system increased as well as poverty, unemployment, inequality etc.
Object of the research – public debt. Aim of the research – to evaluate the Lithuanian public debt, to assess its influence on social expenditure. Objectives of the research: 1. to present the concept of public debt and to discuss the factors, which influence government borrowing needs; 2. to define the debt burden and to determine the effect of public debt on economy; 3. to provide the public debt evaluation criteria; 4. to evaluate the Lithuanian public debt in respect to the situation in the EU countries according to the identified criteria; 5. to determine the impact of the Lithuanian public debt on social expenditure and to compare it with that in other EU countries. Research methods. Analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and legal documents, statistical data collection and analysis methods, comparative analysis, graphical representation techniques, logical analysis, regression analysis. Research results. Part One introduces the concept of public debt, analyzes the factors influencing government borrowing needs, importance of borrowing to economy and structured models of debt burden. Part Two, having analyzed various scientific articles, provides criteria of the public debt evaluation, reasons importance of the public debt composition and presents the assessment model of the impact of public debt on social expenditure. Part Three gives structural and dynamic analysis of the Lithuanian public debt, evaluates the amount of public debt, according to the mentioned criteria for public debt assessment, and discusses the impact of the Lithuanian public debt on social spending and compares with that in other EU countries. The results of research show that the Lithuanian public debt is one of the smallest amounts borrowed by the EU countries, but it is rapidly increasing (during 2004-2010 tripled). Analysis of the impact of the public debt on social expenditure shows that the effect of public debt of health costs is negligible, while growth of public debt has positive impact on the costs of education and social security. Increasing spending for education is evaluated as acceptable, while a nonproportional increase of government expenditure on social security is not considered an effective investment and can cause serious problems in the future management of public debt.
Object of the research – public debt. Aim of the research – to evaluate the Lithuanian public debt, to assess its influence on social expenditure. Objectives of the research: 1. to present the concept of public debt and to discuss the factors, which influence government borrowing needs; 2. to define the debt burden and to determine the effect of public debt on economy; 3. to provide the public debt evaluation criteria; 4. to evaluate the Lithuanian public debt in respect to the situation in the EU countries according to the identified criteria; 5. to determine the impact of the Lithuanian public debt on social expenditure and to compare it with that in other EU countries. Research methods. Analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and legal documents, statistical data collection and analysis methods, comparative analysis, graphical representation techniques, logical analysis, regression analysis. Research results. Part One introduces the concept of public debt, analyzes the factors influencing government borrowing needs, importance of borrowing to economy and structured models of debt burden. Part Two, having analyzed various scientific articles, provides criteria of the public debt evaluation, reasons importance of the public debt composition and presents the assessment model of the impact of public debt on social expenditure. Part Three gives structural and dynamic analysis of the Lithuanian public debt, evaluates the amount of public debt, according to the mentioned criteria for public debt assessment, and discusses the impact of the Lithuanian public debt on social spending and compares with that in other EU countries. The results of research show that the Lithuanian public debt is one of the smallest amounts borrowed by the EU countries, but it is rapidly increasing (during 2004-2010 tripled). Analysis of the impact of the public debt on social expenditure shows that the effect of public debt of health costs is negligible, while growth of public debt has positive impact on the costs of education and social security. Increasing spending for education is evaluated as acceptable, while a nonproportional increase of government expenditure on social security is not considered an effective investment and can cause serious problems in the future management of public debt.
Relevance of the dissertation is determined by the object of research – the influence of logistical factors on transport flows distribution. The growth of world economics, business globalization, progress in technology skills extends the distances between geographical points of raw materials resources, manufacturers and consumers. Due to the membership in the European Union (EU) Lithuania has got new opportunities for international trade growth, and all the Eastern Baltic countries have become the buffer region for the EU trading with the countries of the Eastern Europe and Asia. A proper transport policy and infrastructure development would increase significantly the GNP in warehousing, transport and distribution sectors. Forecasting of potential transport flows according to logistical requirements of freight suppliers is most important for transport network optimization. Scientific problem. Contemporary transport engineering theory approaches the peculiarities of transport flows formation too narrowly, only as an analysis of internal factors determining freight flows. There is no analysis of external factors. Many researchers assume that transport flows are determined only by the existing transport network and its characteristics. Other researchers consider transport flows as a result of logistic elements only. The estimating of internal and external logistical factors provides a possibility to forecast the transport flows. Aim of the research is to create a model of logistical factors influence on transport flows distribution. Seeking to meet this aim, the author of the dissertation has solved the following tasks: 1. To make an analysis of the theory provided by Lithuanian and foreign researchers concerning the common interaction of logistics and transport, as well as to point out the advantages and disadvantages in the approaches and hypotheses of many authors, and to propose own conclusions. 2. To create a model of logistical factors and their indicators, which determine transport flows distribution in the transport network. 3. To make empirical research of indices of logistical factors in Lithuanian case. Scientific novelty of the research 1. The analysis of the research level of the scientific problem shows a very narrow theoretical view of determining transport flows. Many authors analyze internal factors only and do not estimate logistical needs of consignors and consignees. 2. The created new models determine transport flows and freight flows in transport network by internal and external specific logistical factors as well. 3. The results of empirical research of external factors confirm the created new models and provide a new interpretation and theoretical view of regularities of freight flows formation. Direct influence on basic transportation process characteristics and control is exercised by clients of transport companies. The basic attitudes for defending 1 The advantages and disadvantages of approaches of numerous researchers on logistic and transportation functions. 2 The models determining distribution of transport flows according to logistical factors. 3 The conclusions of empirical research of logistical factors' influence in Lithuanian case. The significance of the research. Theories proposed by many authors on transport and logistic functioning and interaction are analyzed, and a new point of theoretical view is given. The created models would be fit for forecasting of transport flows and planning of investments in transport infrastructure. The models would help the government, transport and logistics companies to make strategic decisions for development projects. Results of empirical research, which prove theoretical models are important for transport and logistic service providers and their customers for better common understanding and common activities. Methodology of the research is based on regression and correlative analysis, forecasting, as well as on market survey and mathematical modeling. Approbation of the work. Main theses of the dissertation were approbated in 3 scientific published works and 14 scientific conferences papers. Dissertation's structure. The work consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusions and a list of literature (123 scientific works). The amount of the work is: 108 pages, 61 figures and 20 tables. The work includes 6 appendixes. Conclusions The theoretical analysis of logistics influence on transport flows distribution concepts by many researchers, the mathematical modeling of transport flows determination factors and empirical research to give the following conclusions: 1. Many scientists explore logistics and transport by different concepts, however there are no special investigations of logistical impact on transport flows distribution in their works. The analysis of scientific works shows a dual aspect of transport flows distribution. The first theory maintains that technological engineering solutions determine transport flows; the second theory considers that they are determined by logistical factors such as: 1) added value; 2) minimization of logistics costs; 3) customer service. 2. The supporters of technological approach focus the attention on mathematical modeling of freight flows in transport network, nodes and links, as well as logistical chains. According to this point of view, physical characteristics of links and nodes only give possibility to solve the task of freight flows distribution. The scientific problem is that physical characteristics do not suffice for the right solution of this task. It is important to find and estimate external logistical factors. 3. It is important to estimate that transport flows formation is determined in long-term period according to the requirements of manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. The trade centralization is one of the basic elements in formation of logistical channels and distribution centers, and transport flows of course. 4. The mathematical model of transport flows distribution is created here. The model gives peculiarities of freight flows distribution according to estimation of economical, juridical and physical parameters of nodes and links. If a logistical subsystem of the given sub-region does not constitute the entire goods traffic channel from the consignor to the consignee, but it is a constituent part of the entire logistical channel from the consignor to the consignee, then the flow traffic goods through that sub-region will be dependent not only on the characteristics of the logistical channel existing in the sub-region's logistical system, but it will also depend on other regions, the logistical systems of which are involved in the common logistical channel. The minimization of the characteristics of any element may cause the minimization of the characteristics of the entire logistical channel as well as the loss of its competitive abilities. 5. The model of shipment grouping according to peculiarities of transport flows and logistic requirements is created. The model enables the estimating of characteristics of freight origins and destination points and forecasting of grouped shipment routes. 6. The survey shows dual approach to transport flows distribution as well as theoretical analysis. Transport flows are distributed according to logistic strategy of transport service consumers and technological solutions, and implementations of providers as well. The survey demonstrates that transport companies are not only 'sellers' or 'providers' of transport services. They are logistical partners of transport service consumers. The strategic partnership of trading and transport companies determines in many cases the formation of transport flows in Lithuania. According forecast of 5 % yearly trade growth, freight volume by road and rail in Lithuania will increase to 133.6 million tons in year 2015. 7. The basic logistical factors determining the distribution of transport flows in Lithuania according to the survey are these: geography of consumers markets, geography of basic transport nodes, structures of logistical channels, perspective of urban development, shortest paths, political and anti-criminal security of transit, grouping of goods, national factor.
Relevance of the dissertation is determined by the object of research – the influence of logistical factors on transport flows distribution. The growth of world economics, business globalization, progress in technology skills extends the distances between geographical points of raw materials resources, manufacturers and consumers. Due to the membership in the European Union (EU) Lithuania has got new opportunities for international trade growth, and all the Eastern Baltic countries have become the buffer region for the EU trading with the countries of the Eastern Europe and Asia. A proper transport policy and infrastructure development would increase significantly the GNP in warehousing, transport and distribution sectors. Forecasting of potential transport flows according to logistical requirements of freight suppliers is most important for transport network optimization. Scientific problem. Contemporary transport engineering theory approaches the peculiarities of transport flows formation too narrowly, only as an analysis of internal factors determining freight flows. There is no analysis of external factors. Many researchers assume that transport flows are determined only by the existing transport network and its characteristics. Other researchers consider transport flows as a result of logistic elements only. The estimating of internal and external logistical factors provides a possibility to forecast the transport flows. Aim of the research is to create a model of logistical factors influence on transport flows distribution. Seeking to meet this aim, the author of the dissertation has solved the following tasks: 1. To make an analysis of the theory provided by Lithuanian and foreign researchers concerning the common interaction of logistics and transport, as well as to point out the advantages and disadvantages in the approaches and hypotheses of many authors, and to propose own conclusions. 2. To create a model of logistical factors and their indicators, which determine transport flows distribution in the transport network. 3. To make empirical research of indices of logistical factors in Lithuanian case. Scientific novelty of the research 1. The analysis of the research level of the scientific problem shows a very narrow theoretical view of determining transport flows. Many authors analyze internal factors only and do not estimate logistical needs of consignors and consignees. 2. The created new models determine transport flows and freight flows in transport network by internal and external specific logistical factors as well. 3. The results of empirical research of external factors confirm the created new models and provide a new interpretation and theoretical view of regularities of freight flows formation. Direct influence on basic transportation process characteristics and control is exercised by clients of transport companies. The basic attitudes for defending 1 The advantages and disadvantages of approaches of numerous researchers on logistic and transportation functions. 2 The models determining distribution of transport flows according to logistical factors. 3 The conclusions of empirical research of logistical factors' influence in Lithuanian case. The significance of the research. Theories proposed by many authors on transport and logistic functioning and interaction are analyzed, and a new point of theoretical view is given. The created models would be fit for forecasting of transport flows and planning of investments in transport infrastructure. The models would help the government, transport and logistics companies to make strategic decisions for development projects. Results of empirical research, which prove theoretical models are important for transport and logistic service providers and their customers for better common understanding and common activities. Methodology of the research is based on regression and correlative analysis, forecasting, as well as on market survey and mathematical modeling. Approbation of the work. Main theses of the dissertation were approbated in 3 scientific published works and 14 scientific conferences papers. Dissertation's structure. The work consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusions and a list of literature (123 scientific works). The amount of the work is: 108 pages, 61 figures and 20 tables. The work includes 6 appendixes. Conclusions The theoretical analysis of logistics influence on transport flows distribution concepts by many researchers, the mathematical modeling of transport flows determination factors and empirical research to give the following conclusions: 1. Many scientists explore logistics and transport by different concepts, however there are no special investigations of logistical impact on transport flows distribution in their works. The analysis of scientific works shows a dual aspect of transport flows distribution. The first theory maintains that technological engineering solutions determine transport flows; the second theory considers that they are determined by logistical factors such as: 1) added value; 2) minimization of logistics costs; 3) customer service. 2. The supporters of technological approach focus the attention on mathematical modeling of freight flows in transport network, nodes and links, as well as logistical chains. According to this point of view, physical characteristics of links and nodes only give possibility to solve the task of freight flows distribution. The scientific problem is that physical characteristics do not suffice for the right solution of this task. It is important to find and estimate external logistical factors. 3. It is important to estimate that transport flows formation is determined in long-term period according to the requirements of manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. The trade centralization is one of the basic elements in formation of logistical channels and distribution centers, and transport flows of course. 4. The mathematical model of transport flows distribution is created here. The model gives peculiarities of freight flows distribution according to estimation of economical, juridical and physical parameters of nodes and links. If a logistical subsystem of the given sub-region does not constitute the entire goods traffic channel from the consignor to the consignee, but it is a constituent part of the entire logistical channel from the consignor to the consignee, then the flow traffic goods through that sub-region will be dependent not only on the characteristics of the logistical channel existing in the sub-region's logistical system, but it will also depend on other regions, the logistical systems of which are involved in the common logistical channel. The minimization of the characteristics of any element may cause the minimization of the characteristics of the entire logistical channel as well as the loss of its competitive abilities. 5. The model of shipment grouping according to peculiarities of transport flows and logistic requirements is created. The model enables the estimating of characteristics of freight origins and destination points and forecasting of grouped shipment routes. 6. The survey shows dual approach to transport flows distribution as well as theoretical analysis. Transport flows are distributed according to logistic strategy of transport service consumers and technological solutions, and implementations of providers as well. The survey demonstrates that transport companies are not only 'sellers' or 'providers' of transport services. They are logistical partners of transport service consumers. The strategic partnership of trading and transport companies determines in many cases the formation of transport flows in Lithuania. According forecast of 5 % yearly trade growth, freight volume by road and rail in Lithuania will increase to 133.6 million tons in year 2015. 7. The basic logistical factors determining the distribution of transport flows in Lithuania according to the survey are these: geography of consumers markets, geography of basic transport nodes, structures of logistical channels, perspective of urban development, shortest paths, political and anti-criminal security of transit, grouping of goods, national factor.