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This dissertation examines game theory models in the context of persuasion and competition wherein decision-makers are not completely rational by considering two complementary threads of research. The first thread of research pertains to offensive and preemptively defensive behavioral models. Research in this thread makes three notable contributions. First, an offensive modeling framework is created to identify how an entity optimally influences a populace to take a desired course of action. Second, a defensive modeling framework is defined wherein a regulating entity takes action to bound the behavior of multiple adversaries simultaneously attempting to persuade a group of decision-makers. Third, an offensive influence modeling framework under conditions of ambiguity is developed in accordance with historical information limitations, and we demonstrate how it can be used to select a robust course of action on a specific, data-driven use case. The second thread of research pertains to behavioral and behaviorally robust approaches to deterrence. Research in this thread makes two notable contributions. First, we demonstrate the alternative insights behavioral game theory generates for the analysis of classic deterrence games, and explicate the rich analysis generated from its combined use with standard equilibrium models. Second, we define behaviorally robust models for an agent to use in a normal form game under varying forms of uncertainty in order to inform deterrence policy decisions.

Chapter 1 We present two studies that elicit explict stereotypes about cooperative behavior in a laboratory setting. Like in a normal public goods game, subjects are introduced to the procedures and solve control questions. Before they actually play the public goods game, we elicit incentivized estimates about the contributions of subgroups of the population. In Study 1, we elicit gender stereotypes by asking subjects to guess the average contributions of male and female partic- ipants from a reference data set. In Study 2, we use the same design to elicit stereotypes in political orientation. We find no systematic gen- der stereotype, whereas subjects systematically overestimate contributions of the left-leaning subjects relative to the right-leaning subjects. In both studies, the distribution of the guesses are not significantly different from a normal distribution suggesting that participants do not have opposite stereotypes. Chapter 2 I study the effect of changes in the choice architecture in charitable giving. In an online experiment with 1,338 participants, respondents decide if they want to donate a part of their experimental earnings to a charity. Subjects are presented with a list of charitable organizations to choose from. I investigate the effect of providing a short or long list of charities to participants, either directly visible or with a drop- down button, and compare donations to a control group where no list was provided. I find that providing a list increases the proportion of donors, but in contrast to previous research, attracts only small donations. The list works as a nudge to increase donations at the extensive margin, but crowds out the intrinsic motivation at the intensive margin, resulting in no systematic change on the realized level of donation. The comparison between the different list treatments enables me to investigate the underlying process in the donation decision and I find that the shift in the propensity to donate is channeled through emotions rather than by cognitive costs. ...

The European Union coordinates and co-finances supra-national transport infrastructure investments in the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) which consist of road, rail, airport, and port infrastructure. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to quantify the direct and indirect economic growth effects of newly created TEN-T core corridor roads in Eastern European countries. Both the panel data and the spatial analyses show that regional GDP growth at the NUTS3 level is between 0.4 and 2.4 percentage points higher, if a region has direct access to a newly built road. The analyses with a spatial Durbin model (SDM), for which we use three differently specified spatial weight matrices, show that the new construction of a TEN-T core road also causes positive spillover effects on adjacent regions, as well as on regions that are connected by the same corridor section. The results thus indicate that the TEN-T policy, which aims to alleviate transport bottlenecks, can help to increase cohesion between central and peripheral regions and consequently to enhance regional welfare in Eastern Europe.

Anxiolytics (AX) are the psychotropic drugs prescribed for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia for 2–4 weeks, for longer periods of consumption (>1 month) may lead to the development of tolerance or addiction. In fact, its prescription was 16% of the total pharmaceutical expenditure in Spain in 2007. This paper deals with the development of a mathematical model describing the dynamic of the addiction to AX for the case study of the Spanish region of Castellón. The reasons believed to cause the development of addicts to AX are the economic situation, the marriage termination and the social contact. The simulations performed to forecast the addicts rate for the period 2010–2014 showed an increase from 6% in 2010 to 14% in 2014 with a fluctuation of about 2% between the possible economic scenarios. Finally, the analysis of sensitivity of the rate of addicts to the fluctuation of the social contact parameters was performed, letting us estimate its impact on the pharmaceutical expenditure. ; De La Poza, E.; Guadalajara Olmeda, MN.; Jódar Sánchez, LA.; Merello Giménez, P. (2013). Modeling Spanish anxiolytic consumption: Economic, demographic and behavioral influences. Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 57(7):1619-1624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2011.10.020 ; S ; 1619 ; 1624 ; 57 ; 7

A number of microeconomic choice models are currently applied to demonstrate systematic biases in energy consumer behavior. The models highlight the hidden potential of energy savings from policies that target the so-called behavioral anomalies. Nevertheless, whether these patterns are repeatable or not is not clear, because the efforts to determine the transferability or generalizability of these models are practically nonexistent. This paper uses a unique collection of empirical data from five EU countries collected within the CONSEED project to refine and develop further the standard consumer decision model, validate it for policy purposes, and elaborate on its transferability between countries. The pooled samples allow for a more reliable investigation of the relative importance of the factors influencing consumers' attitudes and beliefs towards energy investment decisions. Based on the statistical tests conducted to evaluate the "transferability" of the pooled models (i.e., the possibility of creating a "universal" model of EE from the pooled model), it can be argued that the models are transferable in specific cases since attitudinal factors and demographic characteristics play a significant role. Although the pooled models are validated, any extrapolation of the above-mentioned findings to specific populations in terms of "space" (i.e., country) and "target" (e.g., sectors and technologies) should be approached with caution from a policy perspective. ; publishedVersion

The work is devoted to the study of the impact of external control on the strategies of pollutant discharge enterprises and government regulators in the field of environmental protection. The authors construct a model of the relationship between these entities. It is an evolutionary game in which the players are entities that generate pollutants and the government departments that implement pollution supervision. The choice of strategies of both of these entities and the evolutionary stability of the system controlled by different regulatory efforts, i.e., a third party, are analyzed. The authors then verify the evolutionary paths and evolutionary results of the model under different conditions using simulation analysis based on this model. The conducted research shows that the weak power of third-party supervision is not enough to promote the evolution of the behavioral decisions of the government and enterprises. An appropriate increase in the power of third-party supervision will change the choice of the government and enterprises strategies in the short term; however, due to the mutual influence of the strategies between both sides of the game, in this situation, the evolutionary system does not pursue a stable state. The strong power of third-party supervision will push enterprises to choose a pollution control strategy, change the intensity of government supervision, and replace government supervision to a certain extent. It is an interesting example of modeling the relationship of this system on the basis of evolutionary game theory. The findings can be regarded as a theoretical reference for environmental pollution control of enterprises.

A number of microeconomic choice models are currently applied to demonstrate systematic biases in energy consumer behavior. The models highlight the hidden potential of energy savings from policies that target the so-called behavioral anomalies. Nevertheless, whether these patterns are repeatable or not is not clear, because the efforts to determine the transferability or generalizability of these models are practically nonexistent. This paper uses a unique collection of empirical data from five EU countries collected within the CONSEED project to refine and develop further the standard consumer decision model, validate it for policy purposes, and elaborate on its transferability between countries. The pooled samples allow for a more reliable investigation of the relative importance of the factors influencing consumers' attitudes and beliefs towards energy investment decisions. Based on the statistical tests conducted to evaluate the "transferability" of the pooled models (i.e., the possibility of creating a "universal" model of EE from the pooled model), it can be argued that the models are transferable in specific cases since attitudinal factors and demographic characteristics play a significant role. Although the pooled models are validated, any extrapolation of the abovementioned findings to specific populations in terms of "space" (i.e., country) and "target" (e.g., sectors and technologies) should be approached with caution from a policy perspective.

Multiple studies in animal models and humans suggest that the endogenous opioid system is an important neurobiological substrate for nicotine addictive properties. In this study, we evaluated the participation of δ-opioid receptors in different behavioral responses of nicotine by using δ-opioid receptor knockout mice. Acute nicotine administration induced hypolocomotion and antinociception in wild-type mice, which were similar in knockout animals. The development of tolerance to nicotine-induced antinociception was also similar in both genotypes. In agreement, the expression and functional activity of δ-opioid receptors were not modified in the different layers of the spinal cord and brain areas evaluated after chronic nicotine treatment. The somatic manifestation of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome precipitated by mecamylamine was also similar in wild-type and δ-opioid receptor knockout mice. In contrast, nicotine induced a conditioned place preference in wild-type animals that was abolished in knockout mice. Moreover, a lower percentage of acquisition of intravenous nicotine self-administration was observed in mice lacking δ-opioid receptors as well as in wild-type mice treated with the selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole. Accordingly, in-vivo microdialysis studies revealed that the enhancement in dopamine extracellular levels induced by nicotine in the nucleus accumbens was reduced in mutant mice. In summary, the present results show that δ-opioid receptors are involved in the modulation of nicotine rewarding effects. However, this opioid receptor does not participate either in several acute effects of nicotine or in the development of tolerance and physical dependence induced by chronic nicotine administration. ; This work was supported by the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación"/n(#SAF2007-64062 and #SAF-2011-29864), the "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" grants/n#PI07/0559, #PI10/00316 and #RD06/001/001, the "Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas"/n(#2009/026), the Catalan Government (SGR2009-00131), and the ICREA Foundation/n(ICREA Academia Award-2008) to R.M. Partial support of FEDER funds is also acknowledged.

Innovation on Information Communication and Technology (ICT) are not suddenly accepted and directly used by individuals in work and workplace, even some individuals refuse to work using adoption ICTs. Therefore this research needs to be done to reveal what factors influence this attitude. This article aims to analysis variables or factors such as performance expectancy (PE) as X1, effort expectancy (EE) as X2, social influence (SI) as X3 and facilitating condition (FC) as X4 that contribute to the behavioral intention (BI) as Y of individual in accepted or rejected innovation based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model perspective. The method was applied factor analysis. A technique of collecting data using the checklist of questionnaire instrument, with total the population of 85 people, then according to tables of Isaac and Michael obtained the sample of 68 respondents who came from the Government Employees in the Disdikpora Dharmasraya Regency. The data were analyzed with the software tools of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The data collection time starts from November to December 2018. We found that X1, X2, X3, and X4 have significant effects on user acceptation based on UTAUT model.

It is well known that smoking causes severe adverse health effects, and it seems evident that governments are justified or even obliged to implement measures of tobacco control to mitigate these effects. Yet, as this paper argues with a distinct focus on Germany, the three most important and still largely open questions in the design and implementation of economic and health policy are, whether government action is justified at all, what behavioral patterns this policy should try to alter, and whether the policy measures chosen indeed exert any substantial effects on the targeted outcomes. We conclude that the case for control measures aiming at the prevention of smoking initiation among adolescents is indeed strong, but also that their proper design would benefit from a better understanding of behavioral issues and that their empirical evaluation requires (non-experimental) study designs that facilitate the identification of causal effects.

Understanding the importance of a country's image in the behavioral intentions of tourists is essential for sun-and-sand destinations. This study examines an integrated model of behavioral intentions regarding two international tourist destinations, namely Cancun (Mexico) and Lloret de Mar (Spain). The results indicate that country image influences destination image; destination image influences value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions; value influences satisfaction; and satisfaction influences behavioral intentions. These findings confirm that the country and destination images are different constructs, and that destination image is the key to attracting tourists. Additionally, there are some differences in the relationships hypothesized in the model among the destinations.

International audience ; The computational simulation of human intelligent behavior has been one of the main research topics in (AI) artificial intelligence domain. Therefore, a great number of behavioral models were proposed considering emotional, cognitive and psychological factors to simulate the human behavior in different domain such as military or manufacturing systems. In addition to psychological factors, the social state of a group of workers plays a critical role in rational decision-making, perception, human interaction and human intelligence. Thus, it is judicious to analyze the workers' behavior at work and to integrate their needs and requirements in manufacturing systems models in order to improve the simulation accuracy. In this context, this paper suggests a graphical and a mathematical representation model of workers' behaviors as well as the ties that can exist among them. The model is also extended to consider inter-worker social relations that can influence the individual performance.

International audience ; The computational simulation of human intelligent behavior has been one of the main research topics in (AI) artificial intelligence domain. Therefore, a great number of behavioral models were proposed considering emotional, cognitive and psychological factors to simulate the human behavior in different domain such as military or manufacturing systems. In addition to psychological factors, the social state of a group of workers plays a critical role in rational decision-making, perception, human interaction and human intelligence. Thus, it is judicious to analyze the workers' behavior at work and to integrate their needs and requirements in manufacturing systems models in order to improve the simulation accuracy. In this context, this paper suggests a graphical and a mathematical representation model of workers' behaviors as well as the ties that can exist among them. The model is also extended to consider inter-worker social relations that can influence the individual performance.

International audience ; The computational simulation of human intelligent behavior has been one of the main research topics in (AI) artificial intelligence domain. Therefore, a great number of behavioral models were proposed considering emotional, cognitive and psychological factors to simulate the human behavior in different domain such as military or manufacturing systems. In addition to psychological factors, the social state of a group of workers plays a critical role in rational decision-making, perception, human interaction and human intelligence. Thus, it is judicious to analyze the workers' behavior at work and to integrate their needs and requirements in manufacturing systems models in order to improve the simulation accuracy. In this context, this paper suggests a graphical and a mathematical representation model of workers' behaviors as well as the ties that can exist among them. The model is also extended to consider inter-worker social relations that can influence the individual performance.

"Pre-print of an article to appear in American political science review, June, 1963." ; Includes bibliography. ; Mode of access: Internet.