Suchergebnisse

The article describes the character of Mykola Hankevich in the context of the early parliamentary elections of 1908 in Galicia. The author sets out his task, by shifting the usual historiographical accents, to consider the general election culture in the provincial capital in the early twentieth century, the theory and practice of the international socialist movement in a multinational urban environment. The well-established point of view of K. Jobst and other researchers, who believe that the conflict over Hankevich's face in the 1907 elections, when the executive leadership of the PPSD did not support his candidacy, is the beginning of the path that ultimately led the Polish and Ukrainian Social Democrats parties in the bosom of "their" national camps, and the ephemeral international socialist movement in Galicia disintegrated. The author believes that such a narrative simplifies the processes that took place in the environment of the Galician socialist parties. Cooperation between Ukrainian, Polish, and Jewish socialists did not stop until the outbreak of the First World War. In the USDP, M. Hankevich himself did not cease to cooperate closely with Polish and Jewish socialists. During the snap election of 1908, the PPSD leader agreed with the candidacy of Mykola Hankevich, who, however, lost this election by winning 734 votes against 1011. However, in the anti-Ukrainian hysteria that had not yet subsided after the assassination of Andrzej Potocki, more than 40% of the vote, loyal to the Ukrainian and socialist candidates in the bourgeois Lviv district, looked like a tremendous success for Hankevich. Having identified the main reasons for this success, namely: his impeccable personal reputation, eloquence, popularity among the Lviv workers and intellectuals, genuine internationalism and willingness to represent different ethnic groups and different social strata, the author, referring to the memories of the Polish socialist Yevhen Morachevsky, calls another circumstance that explains the results of the vote quite differently. It is about 450 votes that Morachevsky bought in favour of Gankevich. The author notes that Morachevsky considers his dubious act as a peculiar feat - to pollute his hands to achieve a noble political goal, in which, in his opinion, he manifests the instinct and ability of a politician, thereby opposing himself to "dreamers" and idealists who did not compromise own principles. ; У статті докладно розглянуто постать Миколи Ганкевича в контексті позачергових парламентських виборах 1908 року у Галичині. Розкрито особливості виборчої системи Габсбурзької імперії, представлено кар- тину політичної боротьби на початку ХХ століття, а також визна- чено особисту роль Миколи Ганкевича. Проаналізовано його особисті якості, роль та місце у політичній боротьбі тогочасної Галичини, існу- ючі контакти та значення для різноманітних політичних сил. Розкрито особливості проведення виборів на початку ХХ століття у Галичині

The Lyzohubs were Cossack chiefmen and at the same time a noble family, whose representatives have played a prominent and sometimes paramount role at different stages of state formation during the XVII-XX centuries within the territories that are now part of the modern Ukrainian state. Illya Lyzohub's personality (about 1720–1781), despite his high social status, has not been the subject of research by the academic community of historians. Indirectly, his biography was covered by genealogists G. A. Miloradovich, V. L. Modzalevskyi and V. V. Kryvosheya. O. M. Lazarevskyi, who studied the Lyzohubs family in general, managed to bring most of the facts about his life path into the scientific circulation. However, there were no more attempts made to summarize the data concerning Illya Lyzohub's life and activities in the national historiography. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to attempt to fill in the above mentioned lacuna, based on a wide range of written sources. Thus, on the basis of the methods of the so-called "new family history", socio-cultural transmissions and Illya Lyzohub's social ambitions as a representative of a chief Cossack family have been analysed. In the course of the study, interpersonal interactions between I. Lyzohub and Hetman K. G. Razumovsky, as well as Major General I. I. Golovin, have been studied. The latter are extremely important in the view of the analyzed genealogical relationship between Lyzohub and Golovin. Therefore, there is a reasonable opportunity to claim that Lizohubs are relatives of such writers with a worldwide name as A. S. Pushkin and L. M. Tolstoy. On the basis of memoirs and archival sources, it was possible to find information about most of Illya Lyzohub's places of residence, thus extending the geography of the study beyond the Hetmanate. Thus, the proposed article is, in its essence, the first biographical research of the life and activities of Illya Lyzohub.

In the article O. Bogdashina and О. Osipova, through the analysis of family correspondence, the influence of the Kosachy-Dragomanov family relationship on Lesia Ukrainka's worldview, the evolution of her life scenario and the work of an outstanding poetess is examined. It is emphasized that the family communication of Kosach-Drahomanov in general was particularly warm. The poet all his life was seriously ill, suffered several operations, for a long time was forced to adhere to bed rest. Therefore, the course of Lesia Ukrainka's illness is constantly discussed in the letters. The correspondence of the poet to his parents testifies to the gradual evolution of relations: openness in the statements of young Lesya is replaced by restraint, even seclusion and secrecy. These changes, in our opinion, were due to the disapproval of the parents of woodpecker behaviour, especially her passionate love in S. Merzhinsky, and later her extramarital relations with K. Kvitka. At the same time, a large number of various issues of public life, education, science, art, language and literature were raised in the correspondence of Lesia Ukrainka with relatives. The poet often shared letters of plans with relatives of new literary works, the circumstances of his work, successes and failures. In correspondence with her relatives, Lesya Ukrainka formulates her political preferences. In general, most of all considerations on socio-political topics Lesya Ukrainka expresses in letters to her famous uncle – M. Drahomanov. In addition, she listened to the advice of MP Drahomanov, in particular, studied languages, read the books he recommended. A difficult state of health prevented the poet from constantly engaging in self-education. In addition to literary works, she read scientific and journalistic works.

Official's biography is primarily a statement of the positions he occupied and functional solutions he made. D. H. Bibikov's personality is known to the public mostly as one of the governor-general of Kyiv, Volyn and Podillia. In the paper, the researchers have also mentioned his military exploits and work at leading positions. However, the details and specifics of family relationship, closely intertwined with the events in the country, remain hidden behind the curtain of the history. The Bibikov family generations' participation in the military-political confrontations in the Caucasus is one of such occurrences that became known thanks to the research into their epistolary heritage

The purpose of the publication is to introduce into scientific circulation documents that cover the claim and the course of the court case of the cossack Fedor Proskurnenko (Proskurnya) from Pokoshichi of the Ponornytsia squadron of the Chernihiv regiment against fellow villagers Karp Vlasenko and Pylyp Fedosenko for illegally appropriated honey trees and for bullying and humiliation. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. L. Z. Gistsova's "Methodical recommendations on preparation for the publication of the Kosh Archive of the New Zaporozhian Sich" was used in the preparation of documents for printing. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the documents of the mentioned court case, which are stored in the Narodowa Library (Poland, Warsaw), were introduced into scientific circulation, their informative potential was analyzed and commented on. Conclusions. The published documents significantly expand the understanding of the judiciary of the Ukrainian state of the first third of the XVIII century, social communications, court records and document management, enrich the biography of the government officer of the Chernihiv regiment, and revenge information about the historical toponymy of the region.

The purpose of this article is to study the participation of Volodymyr Moshynsky (1895-1988) in the Ukrainian Cossack movement, who for some time was a representative of the Odessa center of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, but the main stage of his life took place in North America in the second half of the twentieth century. The article is based on the use of a wide source base of published narrative sources, the most important of which are the memoirs and works of V. Moshinsky. Biographical, prosopographic, historical-genetic methods, as well as a number of generally accepted scientific methods were used to implement the tasks. The historiographical work on the figure of V. Moshinsky is narrow and clearly inadequate to the scale of his activity. It is mentioned in a limited number of publications and sometimes in a false context. V. Moshynsky's articles show that he was fully aware of his Cossack ancestral roots and was proud of them. There was a harmonious connection between the facts of his biography and his interests, as he had to work in the interwar period in the area where his wife's ancestors came from the Danube Cossacks. In October 1917, during a confrontation with the Bolsheviks in Moscow, V. Moshinsky became friends with the Amur Cossacks, who almost persuaded him to go with them to the Far East. V. Moshinsky received scientific information about the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks at lectures of the leading Odessa Cossack scholar M. Slabchenko. The Cossack trace in V. Moshinsky's biography was most clearly reflected in his activity in the Cossack Ukrainian movement in the USA. In the 1970s, he was one of the leaders, clerk, tent of the Ukrainian Free Cossacks in Denver named after the commander, the first knight of the Iron Cross, Colonel-General Mikhail Omelyanovich-Pavlenko. V. Moshynsky received the rank of Cossack lieutenant colonel and later colonel. The main body of the free Cossack movement in the United States was the magazine "Ukrainian Cossacks", published from the late 1960s to ...

Introduction. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Kamianets-Podilskyi was one of the citiesof Ukraine where national cultural and educational centers were formed, which contributed to the awakening ofnational consciousness in Ukraine in 1917-1921. The revolution opened up great opportunities for the developmentof Ukrainian education and culture. In October 1918, the State Ukrainian University was founded in KamianetsPodilskyi, the fi rst national higher educational institution created by the independent Ukrainian state. A year later,the University opened an agricultural faculty, the faculty created departments: crop, agronomic, horticulturaland horticultural, livestock. The opening of the faculty was important, at which time the Directorate began landreform, which required specialists with agricultural education. One of the founders of the Faculty of Agricultureat Kamyanets-Podilsky State Ukrainian University was Ivan Andriyovych Oliynyk - a famous agronomist, the fi rstdean of the Faculty of Agronomy of Kamyanets-Podilsky Agricultural Institute. In modern historiography thereare no special comprehensive studies of social life and organizational activities of the founders of agriculturaleducation in Podolia.The рurpose is to analyze the fi gure of I. Oliynyk – one of the organizers of agricultural education inPodillya.The methods of investigation: problem-searching, historical-comparative, systems thinking, chronological,analysis and synthesis.Results. І. А. Oliynyk was born on June 23, 1879 in the town of Studenytsia, Ushytsya district, Podolskprovince, into a peasant family. In April 1919, the Faculty of Agriculture was established at Kamyanets-PodilskyState Ukrainian University. There was an urgent need for his professional support, because there were not enoughteachers who could teach lectures to students in the Ukrainian language and had the necessary specialty. I.Oliynyk had extensive practical experience in the agricultural sector and the necessary education, so the universitymanagement invited to teach. With the advent of Soviet power I. Oliynyk remained in Kam 'Yanka-Podilskyi,became the fi rst dean of the agronomic faculty of the institute. In the summer of 1930, the Kamyanets-PodilskyAgricultural Institute was reorganized into the Institute of Technical Cultures and the All-Ukrainian ResearchInstitute of Poultry. I.A. Oliynyk started working but he didn't have to teach there for a long time. The punitiveauthorities began to fabricate the case of the Ukrainian branch of the Labor Peasant Party with its center inKharkiv. He was arrested by local Chekists for allegedly «counter-revolutionary activities» in agronomy andconvicted. And only on September 16, 1960, by the decision of the Judicial Board for Criminal Cases of theVerkhovna Rada of the USSR, the case of I.A. Oliynyk was interrupted due to the lack of evidence of the accusationand he was rehabilitated.Novelty of the results of the research. Investigating the history of agricultural education in Ukraine, inparticular in Podillya through the fi gure of Ivan Andreevich Oliynyk traces the general trend of the era, theattitude of political regimes to educators, scientists, public and political fi gures. Everyone's biography will givean opportunity to recreate their own face in history, and then make a holistic picture of events, time and system.Conclusions. For the short period of time that falls on the scientifi c and pedagogical activities of I.A. Oliynykcan trace the history of formation and development of agricultural education in Ukraine. The historical period ofthe 20s-30s of the XX century under the infl uence of political events and realities of that time formed a system thatinfl uenced not only the socio-political relations, but also the personal life of each person. ; Мета дослідження – проаналізувати організаційну, науково-педагогічну діяльність І. Олійниказ упровадження та розвитку вищої сільськогосподарської освіти на Поділлі та створення ефективних формсільськогосподарського виробництва на рубежі 20-30-х років ХХ століття. Для досягнення цієї мети використанопроблемно-пошуковий,хронологічний та системні методи.Висновки.На початку ХХ століття Кам'янець-Подільськийбув одним із міст України, де формувалися національні культурно-освітні осередки, що сприяли пробудженнюнаціональної свідомості в Україні в 1917-1921 роках. Революція відкрила великі можливості для розвитку українськоїосвіти і культури. У жовтні 1918 р. Кам'янці-Подільському засновано Державний Український університет –перший національний вищий навчальний заклад, який створено власними зусиллями незалежної Української Держави.Через рік при університеті було відкрито сільськогосподарський факультет, при факультеті створено відділи:рослинництва, агрономічний, садівництва і городництва, скотарства. Відкриття факультету мало вагоме значення,в цей час Директорія розпочала аграрну реформу, котра потребувала фахівців із сільськогосподарською освітою.Одним із фундаторів сільськогосподарського факультету при Кам'янець-Подільському Державному Українськомууніверситеті був Іван Андрійович Олійник – відомий вчений агроном, перший декан агрономічного факультетуКам'янець-Подільського сільськогосподарського інституту. У сучасній історіографії немає спеціальних комплекснихдосліджень суспільного життя та організаційної діяльності засновників сільськогосподарської освіти на Поділлі.Олійник народився 23 червня 1879 р. у містечку Студениця Ушицького повіту Подільської губернії в селянській сім'ї.У квітні 1919 р. було створено сільськогосподарський факультет Кам'янець-Подільського Державного Українськогоуніверситету. Виникла гостра потреба щодо його фахового забезпечення, адже викладачів, котрі могли б викладатилекції студентам українською мовою і мали необхідний фах, було обмаль. І. Олійник мав тривалий практичний стажроботи в аграрному секторі й необхідну освіту, тому керівництво університету запросило його до викладання. Зприходом радянської влади І. Олійник залишився у Кам'янці-Подільському, став першим деканом агрономічногофакультету інституту. Влітку 1930 р. Кам'янець-Подільський сільськогосподарський інститут було реорганізованов Інститут технічних культур та Всеукраїнський науково-дослідний інститут птахівництва. І. Олійник почавпрацювати, але довго викладати йому там не довелося. Каральні органи почали фабрикувати справу українськоїфілії «Трудової селянської партії» з центром у Харкові. Він був заарештований місцевими чекістами начебтоза «контрреволюційну діяльність» в агрономії й засуджений. Лише 16 вересня 1960 р. рішенням судової колегії укримінальних справах Верховної ради УРСР справа І. Олійника перервана в зв`язку з недоказовістю обвинувачення івін був реабілітований.

Мета дослідження полягає у з'ясуванні: обставин народження, загальних закономірностей та індивідуальних особливостей соціалізації, мапи просторових переміщень, мережі інтелектуальних зав'язків, читацьких компетенцій і когнітивного інструментарію, змісту й спрямування головних ідей та життєвих стратегій класика української історіографії Ілька Боршака в період, який охоплював la belle époque, Першу світову війну. Революцію і закінчився його оселенням у Франції в 1920 р. Методологія дослідження. Біографію Борщака реконструйовано шляхом порівняння інформації двох домінантних текстуальних проекцій, а саме еґонаративів (1) й документів інституційного характеру (2). На противагу його пізнішій українській еґонаративній ідентичності, яка реінтерпретувала та замовчувала обставини походження, дитинства й юності (концепт стигми ідентичності Е. Гоффмана), діловодство релігійно-обрядового, освітянського, військового, поліційного характеру засвідчує існування двох раніших пластів соціокультурної приналежності – єврейської та російської, тож вибір української ідентичності став пізнім і раціональним результатом процесу переідентифікації. Окремі пояснення добре корелюються з теорією наративної ідентичності П. Рікера, а також психологією девіантної поведінки. Наукова новизна визначається як практичною реалізацією сучасних дослідницьких підходів у царині біографістики, так і створенням вступу до інтелектуального життєпису Ілька Борщака. Висновки. Викладена Борщаком версія його минулого, яка завдяки некритичному підходові набула поширення в історіографічному полі, виявилася на повірку фікцією. Особливо прикметними виглядають його містифікації щодо походження, освіти та участі в Першій світовій війні. За матеріалами архівів Молдови, Росії, США, Франції, України з'ясовано питання про його родинне коріння; вперше до наукового обігу введено метричний запис про народження 19 (31) липня 1894 р. в м. Бельци Бессарабської губернії; проаналізовано документи його особової справи 1914 – 1915 рр. в університеті св. Володимира; а також інформацію французької поліції загальної безпеки та радянського НКВС, у т. ч. карної справи його батька – Л. Баршака. ; Дослідження здійснено завдяки ґрантовій підтримці Наукового товариства імені Шевченка в Америці (Нью-Йорк) та Українського католицького університету (Львів). ; The research is aiming to clarify the following features of Ilko Borshchak (Élie Borschak) life path activity, as follow: circumstances of his birth; general patterns and individual features of socialization; reconstructing the obstacles of Ilko Borshchak spatial displacements throughout his early life; discovering the network of intellectual relations with contemporaries, reading preferences and the shaping of the main ideological aspirations and life strategies of the classic of Ukrainian historiography Ilko Borshchak in the period covered la belle époque, World War I, Revolution and ending with his settlement in France in 1920. The research methodology. The biography of Ilko Borshchak was reconstructed by comparing two dominant text projections, namely the ego narratives (1) and institutional documents (2). In contrast to his later Ukrainian ego narrative identity, which reinterpreted and concealed circumstances of his origin, childhood, and adolescence (Erving Hoffman's stigma identity concept), the institutional documents relating to religious, educational, military, or police aspects of Ilko Borshchak life testifies to the existence of two earlier strong sociocultural affiliations – Jewish and Russian. Therefore, the choice of Ukrainian identity was a late and rational result of the Ilko Borshchak re-identification process. Our study's explanation strategies are well correlated with Paul Ricoeur's theory of narrative identity and the psychology of deviant behavior. The scientific novelty. In our study, we implement modern research approaches in the field of biography and propose an introduction to the intellectual biography of Ilko Borshchak. As a conclusion, we can conclude that Borshchak's version of his own past was a narrative fiction constructed by Borshchak himself. Still, nevertheless, that mythological image was both uncritically and successfully integrated into historiography. Particularly noteworthy are his mystifications about the origin, education, and own participation in the World War I. According to the materials based in archives of Moldova, Russia, USA, France, Ukraine, was clarified the question of his family roots; into historiography for the first time was introduced a metric record birth of July 19 (31) 1894 in the Bălți, Bessarabian province; analyzed the documents of his personal file from 1914 to 1915 at the University of Saint Volodymyr; as well as information from the French General Security Police (Sureté Générale) and the Soviet People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD), including the criminal case of his father, Leon Barshak.

This article analyzes the memoirs of Toma Konstanty Dusiatsky-Rudomyna – the 17th/18th-century "Happy Belarusian Nobleman" – published by Ivan Franko. This brief manuscript is composed of various short stories, and contains elements of a diary, an autobiography, and a family chronicle. From the point of view of the history of everyday life and mentality, this text constitutes not only an interesting document of general historical significance but, above all, a glimpse into the private life of a Belarusian representative of the Baroque era. The author of the diary attempts to insert his own microhistory in the frame of the turbulent macrohistory of the Polish Commonwealth in the last three decades of the 17th century, as well as the early 18th century. The author projects his own biography onto a broad background of the political conditions of his era; his personal story, however, gets lost among the historical events that he describes. In terms of structure and composition, his biography appears slightly flawed. The memoirs of Dusiatsky-Rudomyna constitute an interesting source of not just historical facts as such, but also of their interpretation within various segments of society. The diary also contains details based on gossip and speculations that grew around famous figures contemporary to its author. The analysis allows for the reconstruction of the reality left unrecorded by official historical sources. The memoiristic sources, based on gossip, rumors and legends, offer a view into the everyday life and the social structures of the 17th–18th century. ; Przedmiotem analizy w artykule jest opublikowany przez Iwana Frankę pamiętnik Tomy-Konstantija Dusiackiego-Rudomyny, "szczęśliwego białoruskiego szlachcica", żyjącego na przełomie XVII–XVIII w. Ten niewielki rękopis składa się z krótkich opowiadań, z elementami diariusza, autobiografii i kroniki rodzinnej. W kontekście historii codzienności oraz historii mentalności jest to niezmiernie ciekawy dokument nie tylko o znaczeniu ogólnohistorycznym, lecz również przynoszący informacje na temat modelu życia prywatnego białoruskiego przedstawiciela epoki baroku. Autor diariusza stara się wpisać swoją małą historię w przestrzeń burzliwej historii Rzeczypospolitej ostatnich trzech dziesięcioleci XVII–początku XVIII w. Swój życiorys przedstawia na szerokim tle politycznych uwarunkowań współczesności. Osobista historia ginie jednak w opisywanych przez diarystę wydarzeniach historycznych. Biograficzny zapis pozostaje pod względem kompozycji oraz struktury literackiej utworem niedoskonałym. Wspomnienia Dusiackiego-Rudomyny są interesującym źródłem informacji, zarówno jeśli chodzi o fakty historycznych, jak i o sposób ich postrzegania przez przedstawicieli różnych grup społecznych. W diariuszu pojawiają się także wpisy tworzone na podstawie plotek i domysłów związanych z życiem i działalnością osób współczesnych autorowi. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala zrekonstruować rzeczywistość, która funkcjonowała poza "oficjalnymi" źródłami historycznymi. Memuarystyka, uwzględniając plotki, ustne przekazy, legendy, pozwala odtworzyć historię codzienności, a także panoramę społeczną XVII–XVIII w. ; У артыкуле прааналізаваны мемуары "шчаслівага беларускага шляхціча" XVII–XVIII ст. Фамы-Канстанцыя Рудаміна-Дусяцкага, апублікаваныя Іванам Франко. Гэты невялікі рукапіс складаецца з рознажанравых кароткіх апавяданняў, з прыкметамі дыярыуша, аўтабіягрфіі і сямейнай хронікі. У кантэксце гісторыі штодзённасці і гісторыі ментальнасці – гэта надзвычай цікавы дакумент не толькі гістарычнай вагі, але таксама адлюстраванне мадэлі прыватнага жыцця беларуса эпохі Барока. Аўтар дыярыуша намагаецца ўпісаць сваю ўласную мікрагісторыю ў прастору бурлівай макрагісторыі Рэчы Паспалітай апошніх трох дзесяцігоддзяў XVII – пачатку XVIII стагоддзяў. Свой жыццяпіс аўтар імкнецца прадставіць на шырокім фоне палітычных падзей. Аднак мікрагісторыя яго жыцця цалкам губляецца ў макрагісторыі і гістарычным часе. Гэты біяграфічны твор з пункту гледжання літаратурнай кампазіцыі і структуры недасканалы. Мемуары Фамы-Канстанцыя Рудаміна-Дусяцкага з'яўляюцца цікавай крыніцай не толькі гістарычных фактаў, але і іх рэцэпцыі ў розных слаях грамадства. У дыярыушы прысутнічаюць таксама запісы, заснаваныя на плётках і домыслах вакол асобаў, якія былі сучаснікамі аўтара. Праведзены аналіз тэксту дазваляе рэканструяваць рэчаіснасць, якаяіснавала па-за "афіцыйнымі" гістарычнымі крыніцамі. Мемуарыстыка, адлюстроўваючы плёткі, вусныя пераказы, легенды, дазваляе ўзнавіць гісторыю штодзённасці, а таксама панараму грамадства XVII–XVIII стагоддзяў. ; This article analyzes the memoirs of Toma Konstanty Dusiatsky-Rudomyna – the 17th/18th-century "Happy Belarusian Nobleman" – published by Ivan Franko. This brief manuscript is composed of various short stories, and contains elements of a diary, an autobiography, and a family chronicle. From the point of view of the history of everyday life and mentality, this text constitutes not only an interesting document of general historical significance but, above all, a glimpse into the private life of a Belarusian representative of the Baroque era. The author of the diary attempts to insert his own microhistory in the frame of the turbulent macrohistory of the Polish Commonwealth in the last three decades of the 17th century, as well as the early 18th century. The author projects his own biography onto a broad background of the political conditions of his era; his personal story, however, gets lost among the historical events that he describes. In terms of structure and composition, his biography appears slightly flawed. The memoirs of Dusiatsky-Rudomyna constitute an interesting source of not just historical facts as such, but also of their interpretation within various segments of society. The diary also contains details based on gossip and speculations that grew around famous figures contemporary to its author. The analysis allows for the reconstruction of the reality left unrecorded by official historical sources. The memoiristic sources, based on gossip, rumors and legends, offer a view into the everyday life and the social structures of the 17th–18th century.

In the article are analyzed books, publications, documents, and archival materials dedicated to one of the most effective fighter pilots of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, a native of Cherkasy, title hero Hero of the Soviet Union twice, Lieutenant General of Aviation – Ivan Nikiforovich Stepanenko. In addition, with the help of new sources and publications was carried out a certain reconstruction of the way of life and correction of little-known and deliberately hidden by communist censorship individual pages of the pilot's biography. In particular, this applies to the childhood and youth of Ivan Stepanenko. The main stages of IN Stepanenko's formation as a military specialist are analyzed. His military activity during the Second World War and in the postwar period is considered. Were compiled detailed ratings of the thirty most effective fighter pilots of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, as well as the most productive pilots of the Soviet Air Force in the confrontation with German pilots.An article dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of one of the most productive aces of the Anti-Hitler coalition, title hero Hero of the Soviet Union twice, Lieutenant General of Aviation – I. N. Stepanenko. ; У статті аналізуються книги, публікації, документи та архівні матеріали, присвячені одному з найрезультативніших льотчиків-винищувачів Антигітлерівської коаліції, уродженцю Черкащини двічі Герою Радянського Союзу генерал-лейтенанту авіації Івану Никифоровичу Степаненку. Крім того, за допомогою нових джерел та публікацій, здійснена певна реконструкція життєвого шляху і корекція маловідомих та свідомо прихованих комуністичною цензурою окремих сторінок біографії льотчика. Зокрема, це стосується дитинства та юності Івана Степаненка. Проаналізовано основні етапи становлення І. Н. Степаненка як військового фахівця. Розглянуто його військову діяльність під час Другої світової війни та у повоєнний період. Складено деталізовані рейтинги тридцяти найрезультативніших льотчиків-винищувачів Антигітлерівської коаліції, а також найрезультативніших льотчиків радянських ВПС у протистоянні з німецькими льотчиками.Стаття, присвячена 100-річчю від дня народження одного з найрезультативніших асів Антигітлерівської коаліції, двічі Героя Радянського Союзу генерал-лейтенанта авіації І. Н. Степаненка.

In the article are analyzed books, publications, documents, and archival materials dedicated to one of the most effective fighter pilots of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, a native of Cherkasy, title hero Hero of the Soviet Union twice, Lieutenant General of Aviation – Ivan Nikiforovich Stepanenko. In addition, with the help of new sources and publications was carried out a certain reconstruction of the way of life and correction of little-known and deliberately hidden by communist censorship individual pages of the pilot's biography. In particular, this applies to the childhood and youth of Ivan Stepanenko. The main stages of IN Stepanenko's formation as a military specialist are analyzed. His military activity during the Second World War and in the postwar period is considered. Were compiled detailed ratings of the thirty most effective fighter pilots of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, as well as the most productive pilots of the Soviet Air Force in the confrontation with German pilots.An article dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of one of the most productive aces of the Anti-Hitler coalition, title hero Hero of the Soviet Union twice, Lieutenant General of Aviation – I. N. Stepanenko. ; У статті аналізуються книги, публікації, документи та архівні матеріали, присвячені одному з найрезультативніших льотчиків-винищувачів Антигітлерівської коаліції, уродженцю Черкащини двічі Герою Радянського Союзу генерал-лейтенанту авіації Івану Никифоровичу Степаненку. Крім того, за допомогою нових джерел та публікацій, здійснена певна реконструкція життєвого шляху і корекція маловідомих та свідомо прихованих комуністичною цензурою окремих сторінок біографії льотчика. Зокрема, це стосується дитинства та юності Івана Степаненка. Проаналізовано основні етапи становлення І. Н. Степаненка як військового фахівця. Розглянуто його військову діяльність під час Другої світової війни та у повоєнний період. Складено деталізовані рейтинги тридцяти найрезультативніших льотчиків-винищувачів Антигітлерівської коаліції, а також найрезультативніших льотчиків радянських ВПС у протистоянні з німецькими льотчиками.Стаття, присвячена 100-річчю від дня народження одного з найрезультативніших асів Антигітлерівської коаліції, двічі Героя Радянського Союзу генерал-лейтенанта авіації І. Н. Степаненка.

The military–political situation during the Second world war was being negotiated by organizational and structural changes of the Soviet state security bodies in Ukraine. Historiographical palette of domestic research on the history of the Soviet secret police in Ukraine in the period of the Second world war is quite broad. This archaeological research, publications of a General nature, the study of the punitive-repressive activities and biography. The most relevant to the stated subject of the article the scientific groundwork for the functioning of the Soviet state security bodies. Normativelegal bases of activity investigated in the dissertation research of L. Borodzicz, A. Oleinik, A. Lebedev, A. articles God. A. Kalyuka. The creation of the Soviet state security bodies in Western Ukraine covered in articles D. Vedeneeva. I. Losa, A. Wheat. Analyzed the impact of the operational situation during the war on the formation of structures of military intelligence in the thesis.Bykhov, Features counter the German counter-intelligence agents investigated in the works of Tchaikovsky. Publications D. Vedeneeva, G. Bystrukha analyzed vneplanovo work and organization of the Soviet intelligence guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. the public security organs. However, the period of the Second world war and still remains one of Dolci stages of the history of the Soviet secret police. The aim of this article is to attempt a synthesis of scientific progress on the restructuring of the Soviet state security bodies in Ukraine during the Second world war, to consider the legal basis for restructuring and measures of state security bodies since the beginning of the Second world war and the wartime conditions. ; У статті розглядаються організаційно-правові засади перебудови ор-ганів держбезпеки з початком Другої світової війни. Висвітлюється організаційний стан та заходи органів державної безпеки під час німецько- радянської війни.

The military–political situation during the Second world war was being negotiated by organizational and structural changes of the Soviet state security bodies in Ukraine. Historiographical palette of domestic research on the history of the Soviet secret police in Ukraine in the period of the Second world war is quite broad. This archaeological research, publications of a General nature, the study of the punitive-repressive activities and biography. The most relevant to the stated subject of the article the scientific groundwork for the functioning of the Soviet state security bodies. Normativelegal bases of activity investigated in the dissertation research of L. Borodzicz, A. Oleinik, A. Lebedev, A. articles God. A. Kalyuka. The creation of the Soviet state security bodies in Western Ukraine covered in articles D. Vedeneeva. I. Losa, A. Wheat. Analyzed the impact of the operational situation during the war on the formation of structures of military intelligence in the thesis.Bykhov, Features counter the German counter-intelligence agents investigated in the works of Tchaikovsky. Publications D. Vedeneeva, G. Bystrukha analyzed vneplanovo work and organization of the Soviet intelligence guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. the public security organs. However, the period of the Second world war and still remains one of Dolci stages of the history of the Soviet secret police. The aim of this article is to attempt a synthesis of scientific progress on the restructuring of the Soviet state security bodies in Ukraine during the Second world war, to consider the legal basis for restructuring and measures of state security bodies since the beginning of the Second world war and the wartime conditions. ; У статті розглядаються організаційно-правові засади перебудови ор-ганів держбезпеки з початком Другої світової війни. Висвітлюється організаційний стан та заходи органів державної безпеки під час німецько- радянської війни.

Метою цієї статті є дослідження участі в українському козацькому русі Володимира Мошинського (1895 – 1988), деякий час представника одеського плацдарму Української революції 1917 – 1921 років, але основний етап життя якого відбувся вже у Північній Америці у другій половині ХХ ст. У постаті В. Мошинського маємо одного з найбільш своєрідних популяризаторів історії українського козацтва, козака-практика та козакамитця, козака-мемуариста, багатий життєвий досвід якого єднав незримими узами Україну та діаспору, сприяв збереженню історичної пам'яті про не найпомітніші та не найпопулярніші сторінки козацької історії. ; The purpose of this article is to study the participation of Volodymyr Moshynsky (1895-1988) in the Ukrainian Cossack movement, who for some time was a representative of the Odessa center of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, but the main stage of his life took place in North America in the second half of the twentieth century. The article is based on the use of a wide source base of published narrative sources, the most important of which are the memoirs and works of V. Moshinsky. Biographical, prosopographic, historical-genetic methods, as well as a number of generally accepted scientific methods were used to implement the tasks. The historiographical work on the figure of V. Moshinsky is narrow and clearly inadequate to the scale of his activity. It is mentioned in a limited number of publications and sometimes in a false context. V. Moshynsky's articles show that he was fully aware of his Cossack ancestral roots and was proud of them. There was a harmonious connection between the facts of his biography and his interests, as he had to work in the interwar period in the area where his wife's ancestors came from the Danube Cossacks. In October 1917, during a confrontation with the Bolsheviks in Moscow, V. Moshinsky became friends with the Amur Cossacks, who almost persuaded him to go with them to the Far East. V. Moshinsky received scientific information about the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks at lectures of the leading Odessa Cossack scholar M. Slabchenko. The Cossack trace in V. Moshinsky's biography was most clearly reflected in his activity in the Cossack Ukrainian movement in the USA. In the 1970s, he was one of the leaders, clerk, tent of the Ukrainian Free Cossacks in Denver named after the commander, the first knight of the Iron Cross, Colonel-General Mikhail Omelyanovich-Pavlenko. V. Moshynsky received the rank of Cossack lieutenant colonel and later colonel. The main body of the free Cossack movement in the United States was the magazine "Ukrainian Cossacks", published from the late 1960s to the 1980s. V. Moshinsky was mentioned in the pages of this magazine as a donor to its publication, was the author of a number of articles. The magazine covered the artistic activity of V. Moshynsky and his children, with the inclusion of this activity in the Cossack context. In 1974, the magazine published an important and so far unique evidence that the Cossack theme was present in the artist's work - a reproduction of his painting in the mid-1950s "Hetman Mazepa before the Battle of Poltava", kept in Montreal, donated to the Women's Society "Daughters of Ukraine". Thus, in the figure of V. Moshinsky we have one of the most original popularizers of the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks, a Cossackpractitioner and a Cossack-artist, a Cossack-memoirist, whose rich life experience united Ukraine and the diaspora with invisible ties, contributed to the preservation of historical memory not the most popular pages of Cossack history. But these pages are the most important for the modern Odessa region, where the problem of saturation of Bessarabia (as well as Odessa and Odessa region in general) with the Ukrainian worldview and culture is acutely relevant. The author considered the Cossacks within the framework of the national tradition, which combined the features of populist and state historiography, which was a typical feature of the North American Ukrainian historiographical tradition.

Метою цієї статті є дослідження участі в українському козацькому русі Володимира Мошинського (1895 – 1988), деякий час представника одеського плацдарму Української революції 1917 – 1921 років, але основний етап життя якого відбувся вже у Північній Америці у другій половині ХХ ст. У постаті В. Мошинського маємо одного з найбільш своєрідних популяризаторів історії українського козацтва, козака-практика та козакамитця, козака-мемуариста, багатий життєвий досвід якого єднав незримими узами Україну та діаспору, сприяв збереженню історичної пам'яті про не найпомітніші та не найпопулярніші сторінки козацької історії. ; The purpose of this article is to study the participation of Volodymyr Moshynsky (1895-1988) in the Ukrainian Cossack movement, who for some time was a representative of the Odessa center of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, but the main stage of his life took place in North America in the second half of the twentieth century. The article is based on the use of a wide source base of published narrative sources, the most important of which are the memoirs and works of V. Moshinsky. Biographical, prosopographic, historical-genetic methods, as well as a number of generally accepted scientific methods were used to implement the tasks. The historiographical work on the figure of V. Moshinsky is narrow and clearly inadequate to the scale of his activity. It is mentioned in a limited number of publications and sometimes in a false context. V. Moshynsky's articles show that he was fully aware of his Cossack ancestral roots and was proud of them. There was a harmonious connection between the facts of his biography and his interests, as he had to work in the interwar period in the area where his wife's ancestors came from the Danube Cossacks. In October 1917, during a confrontation with the Bolsheviks in Moscow, V. Moshinsky became friends with the Amur Cossacks, who almost persuaded him to go with them to the Far East. V. Moshinsky received scientific information about the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks at lectures of the leading Odessa Cossack scholar M. Slabchenko. The Cossack trace in V. Moshinsky's biography was most clearly reflected in his activity in the Cossack Ukrainian movement in the USA. In the 1970s, he was one of the leaders, clerk, tent of the Ukrainian Free Cossacks in Denver named after the commander, the first knight of the Iron Cross, Colonel-General Mikhail Omelyanovich-Pavlenko. V. Moshynsky received the rank of Cossack lieutenant colonel and later colonel. The main body of the free Cossack movement in the United States was the magazine "Ukrainian Cossacks", published from the late 1960s to the 1980s. V. Moshinsky was mentioned in the pages of this magazine as a donor to its publication, was the author of a number of articles. The magazine covered the artistic activity of V. Moshynsky and his children, with the inclusion of this activity in the Cossack context. In 1974, the magazine published an important and so far unique evidence that the Cossack theme was present in the artist's work - a reproduction of his painting in the mid-1950s "Hetman Mazepa before the Battle of Poltava", kept in Montreal, donated to the Women's Society "Daughters of Ukraine". Thus, in the figure of V. Moshinsky we have one of the most original popularizers of the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks, a Cossackpractitioner and a Cossack-artist, a Cossack-memoirist, whose rich life experience united Ukraine and the diaspora with invisible ties, contributed to the preservation of historical memory not the most popular pages of Cossack history. But these pages are the most important for the modern Odessa region, where the problem of saturation of Bessarabia (as well as Odessa and Odessa region in general) with the Ukrainian worldview and culture is acutely relevant. The author considered the Cossacks within the framework of the national tradition, which combined the features of populist and state historiography, which was a typical feature of the North American Ukrainian historiographical tradition.