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Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Disintermediation Economics: An Introduction -- Trust Engineered! -- Why Disintermediation-And Not Decentralization Economics? The Problem of Dealing with Randomness -- The Structure of the Book -- Bibliography -- Part I Disintermediation in Microeconomics -- 2 Blockchain as an Economic Optimization Problem: Value, the Firm and the Limits of Decentralization -- Defining Blockchain Economics -- What Is the Real Economic Value of Blockchain? -- Any Blockchain Architecture Design Is an Economic Optimization Exercise -- The Blockchain Value Generation Continuum -- Blockchain 4.0: Overcoming Socio-Political and Technological Constraints -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 3 Economics of Smart Contracts: Efficiency and Legal Challenges -- Definition and Idea of Smart Contracts -- Smart Contracts and Blockchain -- Possible Use Cases -- Beyond the Applications: Smart Contracts and Economic Theory -- Contract Completeness and Smart Contracts -- Dynamic Contracting and Smart Contracts -- Making Smart Contracts, Smarter I: Physical and Programmable Intermediation -- Curators -- Oracles -- Making Smart Contracts, Smarter II: Ricardian Contracts -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 4 Corporate Strategies for Blockchain-Based Solutions -- What Blockchain Means for Businesses -- Market Outlook -- Why Companies Leverage Blockchain -- Corporate Demand for Blockchain Solutions -- When Blockchain Strategy Becomes the Business Model… -- Or the Operating Model to Deliver Value -- Capturing Business Through Tokenization -- How Companies Build Blockchain Services -- Blockchain Strategy -- The Consortium Model -- Platform Design -- Solution Architecture -- Use Case Design -- How to Engage with the Innovation Ecosystem -- Lead Collaboration with Emerging Disruptors.

"Recent years have seen a surge of interest in 'the commons' based on a simple yet radical idea: great improvements in production and management could be achieved by reducing barriers to knowledge exchange and power-sharing. Ranging from meadows, forests and parks to language, open source software (FLOSS and Blockchain) and 3D printers, the commons are distributed or common property resources/infrastructures which are self-managed by their user communities. While acknowledging the significant contributions that can be made through commons-based peer production, this book provides a critical examination of the commons with the aim of contributing to their long-term sustainability. In particular, the book examines the relation of Blockchain to the commons by illustrating the case study of the Commons Stack. Drawing on a range of interdisciplinary ideas and methodologies, the chapters argue that there are a number of economic and social barriers which are obstructing the wider reproduction of the commons. Problems with access to capital and training, the lack of entrepreneurial and managerial skills, and the absence of institutional support from governments, larger coops, and NGOs, are some of the external problems facing the commons today. Meanwhile, localism, gated communities, vested interests, atavism, traditionalism, ideology, conflict, neo-conservatism and techno-elitism represent some of the internal contradictions inherent in the commons. Through overcoming these contradictions, the ultimate goal is to transform capitalism into the postcapitalism of the commons: the creation of a social economy self-organised around the commons. This book provides vital reading for anyone interested in the commons from economics, techno-politics and across the social sciences. Vangelis Papadimitropoulos is a post doc researcher in the School of Political Sciences at Panteion University, Athens, Greece"--

Intro -- Materialien zum Buch -- 1 Vorwort -- 1.1 Vorwort der Autoren -- 1.2 Geleitwort -- 2 Einführung -- 2.1 Was ist die Blockchain? -- 2.1.1 Herausforderungen des Internets -- 2.1.2 Die Blockchain -- 2.1.3 Die Blockchain als Problemlöser -- 2.2 Geschichte der Blockchain -- 2.2.1 Pioniere der Blockchain -- 2.2.2 Bitcoin -- 2.2.3 Altcoins -- 2.2.4 Blockchain 2.0 -- 2.2.5 Gegenwart und Zukunft -- 2.3 Anwendung der Blockchain-Technologie -- 2.3.1 Entscheidungskriterien für die Blockchain -- 2.3.2 Blockchain-Varianten -- 2.3.3 Branchen mit Blockchain-Potenzial -- 2.3.4 Realbeispiele für Blockchain-Anwendungen -- 2.4 Zusammenfassung -- 3 Die Basics: So funktioniert eine Blockchain -- 3.1 Kryptografische Grundlagen -- 3.1.1 Einführung in die Kryptografie -- 3.1.2 Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) -- 3.1.3 Kryptografische Hashfunktionen -- 3.2 Die Blockchain -- 3.2.1 Transaktionen -- 3.2.2 Vom Block zur Blockchain -- 3.2.3 Das Blockchain-System -- 3.2.4 Weiterentwicklungen der Blockchain -- 3.3 Die Blockchain 2.0 -- 3.3.1 Einführung und Grundlagen -- 3.3.2 Accounts und State Trie -- 3.3.3 Transaktionen und Transaction Trie -- 3.3.4 Receipts und Receipts Trie -- 3.3.5 Vom Block zur Blockchain 2.0 -- 3.3.6 Das Blockchain-System 2.0 -- 3.3.7 Weiterentwicklung der Ethereum-Plattform -- 3.4 Alternative Konsensmodelle -- 3.4.1 Proof-of-Stake (PoS) -- 3.4.2 Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT) -- 3.4.3 Proof-of-Activity -- 3.4.4 Proof-of-Importance -- 3.4.5 Proof-of-Authority -- 3.4.6 Proof-of-Reputation -- 3.4.7 Proof-of-Capacity/Proof-of-Space -- 3.4.8 Proof-of-Elapsed-Time -- 3.4.9 Proof-of-Burn -- 3.5 Sicherheit der Blockchain -- 3.5.1 Blockchain und Informationssicherheit -- 3.5.2 Angriffsszenarien -- 3.6 Zusammenfassung -- 4 Eine eigene Blockchain erstellen - Grundfunktionen -- 4.1 Transaktionen - die kleinste Einheit.

In the context of blockchain technologies, tokens present a novel way to transfer value between parties without relying on traditional intermediaries. The so-called token economy has only recently attracted the attention of practitioners and academics, who seek to understand the potential of tokenization, but also its challenges and pitfalls. In this book, leading practitioners and academics provide a comprehensive overview explore theories on the future of the token economy and provide real world case studies from a range of industries. Chapter 3 and Chapter 8 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Mary C. Lacity is Walton Professor of Information Systems and Director of the Blockchain Center of Excellence in the Sam M. Walton College of Business at The University of Arkansas, USA. Horst Treiblmaier is a Professor in International Management at Modul University Vienna, Austria.

Facebook has proposed to integrate the cryptocurrency 'Libra' into its services, a plan which has been heavily discussed in science, business and politics. On Steemit.com one receives a tradable-token namend Steem in return for writing popular articles or post comments while at Wildspark.me one is rewarded for discovering the next big YouTube video. This shows that Blockchain technologies have an undeniable influence on the development of today's Social Media Networks. On the one hand, we have the technology hype around Blockchain and what kind of new applications are made possible, and on the other hand, the speculation hype around digital tokens (cryptocurrencies) and new forms of investment (ICO, STO), which have in turn resulted in a large number of start-ups in the Social Media and Blockchain sector. Start-ups and products, which quite often disappear from the market in a relatively short time. This paper provides a Snapshot, how Blockchain technologies could influence established Social Networks and gives an overview of known start-ups and their platforms which facilitate Blockchain technologies (like Steemit, Social X, Obsidian, Indorse, Sola, HyperSpace, Ardor.rocks a.s.o.). Finally, a discussion on how Blockchain technologies can be used beyond speculation is provided. ; peer-reviewed

Intro -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Conventions Used in This Book -- Using Code Examples -- O'Reilly Online Learning -- How to Contact Us -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Origins of Blockchain Technology -- Electronic Systems and Trust -- Distributed Versus Centralized Versus Decentralized -- Bitcoin Predecessors -- DigiCash -- E-Gold -- Hashcash -- B-Money -- Bit Gold -- The Bitcoin Experiment -- The 2008 Financial Crisis -- The Whitepaper -- Introducing the Timestamp Server -- Storing Data in a Chain of Blocks -- Bringing Bitcoin to Life -- Compelling Components -- Achieving Consensus -- An Early Vulnerability -- Adoption -- Summary -- Chapter 2. Cryptocurrency Fundamentals -- Public and Private Keys in Cryptocurrency Systems -- The UTXO Model -- Transactions -- The Merkle Root -- Signing and Validating Transactions -- The Coinbase Transaction -- Bitcoin Transaction Security -- Hashes -- Block Hashes -- Custody: Who Holds the Keys -- Wallet Types: Custodial Versus Noncustodial -- Wallet Type Variations -- Security Fundamentals -- Recovery Seed -- Mining -- Mining Is About Incentives -- Block Generation -- Consensus -- Proof-of-Work -- Proof-of-Stake -- Other Concepts for Consensus -- Stakeholders -- Brokerages -- Exchanges -- Custody -- Analytics -- Information -- Summary -- Chapter 3. Forks and Altchains -- Bitcoin Improvement Proposals -- Understanding Forks -- Contentious Hard Forks -- The Bitcoin Cash Fork -- Altcoins -- Litecoin -- More Altcoin Experiments -- "2.0" Chains -- NXT -- Counterparty -- Privacy-Focused Cryptocurrencies -- Dash -- Monero -- Zcash -- Ripple and Stellar -- Ripple -- Stellar -- Scaling Blockchains -- SegWit -- Lightning -- Other Altchain Solutions -- The Ethereum Classic Fork -- Summary -- Chapter 4. The Evolution to Ethereum -- Improving Bitcoin's Limited Functionality -- Colored Coins and Tokens.

Learn blockchain in a simple, non-tech way and explore the different emerging technologies that open a world of opportunities in the space of tourism and hospitality. This book showcases examples of blockchain-based solutions implemented in different industries and connects them to use cases in hospitality and tourism (disintermediation, payments, loyalty programs, supply chain management, identity management etc.). Blockchain is one of the disruptive technologies that lays foundations for Web3.0, NFTs, Metaverse and other innovations. Despite many benefits, its adoption in the hospitality industry is very slow. Lack of awareness and connection to clear return-on-investment, coupled with many misconceptions and general perception of complexity is one of the main reasons why hospitality managers are reluctant to embark on the blockchain train. Blockchain for Hospitality and Tourism serves as a practical guide to the world of innovations, from the basics of blockchain to "how to start a project" with brief explanations of different technologies and capabilities. You'll review NFTs and Metaverse, along with current developments, tools, and platforms. After reading this book, you'll be equipped with enough knowledge to make strategic business decisions and able to discuss these topics within your organization and with vendors and suppliers in a comfortable way. As blockchain enters the next phase of its evolution, with more user-friendly interfaces and interoperability, see how it opens a world of opportunities in the space of tourism and hospitality.

Envisaged Framework and Key Considerations, Name -- Blockchain-based Cross-border FMIs: In the Scenario of Depository Receipts -- Blockchain-based Exchange-traded Derivatives FMIs: In the Scenarios of Futures and Options -- Blockchain-based Over-the-Counter FMIs -- Blockchain-based OTC Derivatives FMI.

This book presents applications of blockchain technologies to foster sustainable development in the textile and clothing supply chain. The concept of Textiles and Fashion Sustainability has grown to a wider extent today. Among the list of items to achieve Sustainability in Textiles and Fashion, the key element is the traceability of supply chains in terms of mapping and tracing the entire supply chain to ensure sustainable supply chain management. Reliable and transparent, efficient data is one of the crucial requirements for Textiles and Fashion Sustainability in today's advanced industrial context and this is possible in this advanced era by various technological advancements such as Block chain technologies. These days one can see a widespread application of blockchain technology in the Textiles and Clothing sector. The core competencies of blockchain technology namely transparency, data auditability, privacy, value transfer, and process efficiency and automation are very much essential for achieving the multifold objectives under the theme Textiles and Fashion Sustainability.

Front Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Author's Note -- Introduction -- Part One: Meet Your Guide -- Blockchain and the problem of provenance -- If that's blockchain, then what is an NFT? -- When I buy an NFT, what exactly am I buying? -- Where will my NFT "be" and how can I see it? -- So then how did we get from blockchain to NFT art? -- Are there any areas of controversy within crypto, blockchain, and NFTs? -- Now the ball is rolling . . . -- Part Two: An NFT . . . but what Kind of NFT -- Static or dynamic -- Static NFTs as part of a comprehensive branded environment -- Creating value for the client with a dynamic NFT -- Empowering artists, creators, and investors together -- Part Three: Paths Forward for The NFT -- Proof of work versus proof of stake -- Environmental impact -- NFTs will need to last -- Part Four: The Impact of NFTs Across Industries: What to Expect in The Years Ahead -- Musical artists -- Luxury fashion brands -- Sports teams and athletes -- Video games -- Cultural institutions and venues -- Charities, philanthropies, and nonprofits -- Virtual reality and augmented reality -- Beyond NFTs -- Real estate -- Travel and leisure -- Health care -- Government -- Supply chain -- Security and cybersecurity -- Insurance -- Big tech -- Part Five: New Opportunities for Investing -- Purchasing NFTs -- Investing in the businesses making NFTs possible -- Investing in the businesses that will incorporate NFTs -- Final questions: regulation -- Slow build, explosion, or slow fade? -- Final thoughts.

The aim of this work is to understand the technological and business potential of the blockchain technology and to reflect on its legal challenges, providing an unparalleled critical analysis of the disruptive potential of this technology for the economy and the legal system.