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"This article compares the responses to the declining birthrate by three very different regimes in Wilhelmine, Weimar and Nazi Germany. In their intent these policies were markedly different: just before and during the First World War a declining birthrate symbolized national decline, sapping national progress and military power and the central aim was to boost fertility almost at any price; eugenics was not yet a major influence on official Wilhelmine policy. In the wake of the devastation reaped by the lost war and also influenced by the depression at the end of the 1920s the democratically elected governments of the Weimar Republic attempted to 'rationalize' reproduction to suit the prevailing socio-economic circumstances and the belief in modernity in industry and everyday life. They favored 'fewer but better children' but their policies remained fragmented and heavily contested; lawmakers tried to balance individual rights and collective interests, welfarism and eugenic concerns. In contrast, Nazi leaders developed a comprehensive and sophisticated system of selective reproduction based on racial prejudice; legal safeguards to protect the rights of individuals were ruthlessly dismantled. Material and ideological inducements to boost the birthrate benefited only 'Aryans' and healthy Germans. A series of extremely repressive measures were introduced: on the one hand they were meant to curb the breeding of the 'unfit', like Jews, gypsies, or those considered congenitally diseased and, on the other, they aimed to curb individual birth control by those deemed 'fit'. But of course the picture is more complicated. If we compare official population programs with their implementation at the local level and also with the reproductive strategies employed by ordinary women and men, a more subtle picture emerges about the regimes which is marked by both fundamental changes but also striking continuities." (author's abstract)

Throughout the ages, the idea of a "perfect" body has always existed, although what that kind of body is has changed. Today, many people still absorb these expectations of perfection and seek validation through social media and other platforms. This in turn has led to increasing instances of body shaming. This volume examines the complex issue of body image in today's society. It uses critical thinking questions, annotated quotes, and full-color photographs to illustrate the difficulties people face in appreciating and enjoying their bodies. It provides tips for developing a more positive body image and dealing with body shaming.

Introduction: Body Dressing / Joanne Entwistle and Elizabeth Wilson -- One Theoretical Approaches: Dress Needs: Reflections on the Clothed Body, Selfhood and Consumption / Kate Soper ; The Dressed Body / Joanne Entwistle ; Shop-Window Dummies? Fashion, the Body, and Emergent Socialities / Paul Sweetman ; Minding Appearances: Style, Truth, and Subjectivity / Susan Kaiser ; From Fashion to Masquerade: Towards an Ungendered Paradigm / Efrat Tseëlon -- Two Historical Case Studies: When they are veyl'd on purpose to be seene: The Metamorphosis of the Mask in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century London / Christoph Heyl ; Performing Selfhood: The Costumed Body as a Site of Mediation Between Life, Art and the Theatre in the English Renaissance / Ronnie Mirkin ; Manliness, Modernity and the Shaping of Male Clothing / Christopher Breward ; Embodying the Single Girl in the 1960s / Hilary Radner -- Three Contemporary Case Studies: Desire and Dread: Alexander McQueen and the Contemporary Femme Fatale / Caroline Evans ; Fashioning the Queer Self / Ruth Holliday ; Dress, Gender and the Public Display of Skin / Joanne B. Eicher -- Index.

I often feel that people come to me to be photographed as they would go to a doctor or a fortune teller - to find out how they are. So they're dependent on me. I have to engage them. Otherwise there's nothing to photograph… And when the sitting is over … there's nothing left except the photograph and a kind of embarrassment.

Body art, practiced across the world cultures and throughout history, is the most intimate art form, linking the self, the senses, and the social and political. In recent years, it has proliferated in an unprecedented way, borrowing motifs and practices from many different traditions. Explore their role in expressing personal and cultural identity; their longstanding associations with ritual, theatricality, criminality and beauty; and their recent resurgence via the Modern Primitabe movement and the work of contemporary artists such as Marc Quinn and Rebecca Belmore. The diversity of body arts is chronicled here: from Australian and African traditions of painting and scarification to Chinese footbinding, Russian prison tattoos, Harlem drag balls and the inked designs worn by celebrities such as Tupac Shakur and David Beckham

Introduction to subcultural body style. Toward a working definition of "subculture" -- Dress, body modification, and the subcultural body style -- Introduction(s) into subcultural research -- The urban tribal movement and subcultural body style -- Introducing subcultural body style -- Subcultural body style and dress research -- Summary -- Subcultural body style history. Historic body styles -- The body and dress -- History of the modern primitive body style within the urban tribal movement -- Implants -- Summary -- Subcultural body style and identity. Subcultural body style -- Displayed body -- Social body -- Primal body -- Ritualized body -- Spiritual body -- Phenomenological or lived body -- Summary -- Subcultural body style. Subcultural body style guidelines -- Subcultural body style as visual culture -- Noise : subcultural body style nonverbal communication -- Subcultural body style as material culture -- Marketing the subcultural body -- Subcultural body style : modern primitives and the body renaissance -- Summary -- Future of subcultural body style. Fashioning the subcultural body style -- Subcultural reactions -- Body technologies old and new -- Needles, hooks, and blood-- oh my! -- It's real to me -- Anonymity -- Church of body modification -- Mediated body -- Summary.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Gender Differences in Adolescents' Perceptions of One's Own Body, Eating Habits and Sports Participation Motives in the Era of Sedentary Behavior -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The Era of Sedentary Behavior -- 1.2. Gender Differences in Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction with the Perception of One's Own Body Size -- 1.3. Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction with Body Size in Sports Active and Sports Inactive Adolescents -- 1.4. Eating Habits in Adolescents -- 1.5. Sports Participation Motives in Adolescents -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Participants Characteristics -- 2.2. Measures and Calculation -- 3. Results -- 3.2. Eating Habits and Concerns about Eating, Depending on Gender and Participation in Sporting Activities -- 3.3. Motives for Exercising Depending on Gender and Participation in Sporting Activities -- 4. Discussion -- Conclusion -- Limitations of the Study -- Practical Implications -- Acknowledgments -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 2 -- Feminist Beliefs, Empowerment, and Positive Body Image: Exploring Associations and between-Group Differences as a Function of Feminist Self-Labelling -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Method -- Participants -- Measures -- Body Appreciation -- Body Pride -- Functionality Appreciation -- Empowerment -- Feminist Beliefs -- Feminist Self-Labelling -- Demographics -- Procedures -- Results -- Data Treatment -- Inter-Scale Correlations and Multiple Hierarchical Regressions -- Self-Labelling Differences -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Does Parent's Adolescent Relationship have an Effect on Adolescent Boys' Body Image and Their Subjective Well-Being? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Adolescent Boys' Body Image -- Parent-Adolescent Son Relationship -- Adolescent Subjective Well-being -- Method -- Sample -- Measures.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Why Body Snatch? -- Surgeons Need Practice -- Artists' Models -- How to Steal a Body -- Body-Snatching Britain -- Burke and Hare -- Presidents and Corpses -- Body-Snatching World -- Discriminaton -- Mortsafes and Towers -- Is Archaeology Robbing? -- Booby Traps -- Modern Body Snatching -- Glossary -- For More Information -- Index -- Back Cover

Intro -- BODY ARMOR: BALLISTIC AND STAB RESISTANCE STANDARDS WITH A GUIDE TO SELECTION -- BODY ARMOR" BALLISTIC AND STAB RESISTANCE STANDARDS WITH A GUIDE TO SELECTION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 BALLISTIC RESISTANCE OF BODY ARMOR NIJ STANDARD-0101.06 -- ABOUT THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CORRECTIONS STANDARDS AND TESTING PROGRAM -- FOREWORD -- STANDARD SPECIFIC ABBREVIATIONS -- COMMONLY USED SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS -- PREFIXES -- COMMON CONVERSIONS (SEE ASTM E380) -- NIJ STANDARD-0101.06 FOR BALLISTIC RESISTANCE OF BODY ARMOR -- 1. Purpose and Scope -- 2. NIJ Body Armor Classification -- 2.1. Type IIA (9 mm -- .40 S&W) -- 2.2. Type II (9 mm -- .357 Magnum) -- 2.3. Type IIIA (.357 SIG -- .44 Mag -- 2.4 Type III (Rifles) -- 2.5. Type IV (Armor Piercing Rifle) -- 2.6. Special Type -- 3. Definitions -- 3.1. Absolute Humidity -- 3.2. Accessory Ballistic Panels -- 3.3. Angle of Incidence -- 3.4. Armor Carrier -- 3.5. Armor Conditioning -- 3.6. Armor Panel or Panel -- 3.7. Armor Sample -- 3.8. Backface Signature (BFS) -- 3.9. Backing Material -- 3.10.Backing Material Fixture -- 3.11. Ballistic Limit -- 3.12. Ballistic Panel -- 3.13. Baseline Ballistic Limit -- 3.14. Body Armor -- 3.15. Complete Penetration -- 3.16. Compliance Test Group -- 3.17. Condensation -- 3.18. Dewpoint (or Dew Point) -- 3.19. Fair Hit -- 3.20. Flexible Body Armor -- 3.21. Full Metal Jacketed Bullet (FMJ) -- 3.22. Hard Armor or Rigid Armor -- 3.23. In Conjunction Armor -- 3.24. In Conjunction Plate -- 3.25. Insert -- 3.26. Jacketed Hollow Point Bullet (JHP) -- 3.27. Jacketed Soft Point Bullet (JSP) -- 3.28. Lead Bullet -- 3.29. Maximum Velocity -- 3.30. Minimum Velocity -- 3.31. Nonplanar Armor -- 3.32. Panel -- 3.33. Penetration -- 3.34. Perforation -- 3.35. Plate Inserts -- 3.36. Reference Velocity -- 3.37. Relative Humidity -- 3.38. Rigid Armor or Systems