熊躍根. ; 論文(博士)--香港中文大學社會工作學部, 1998. ; 參考文獻: p. 192-213. ; 中英文摘要. ; Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. ; Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. ; Mode of access: World Wide Web. ; Xiong Yuegen. ; Lun wen (Bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue she hui gong zuo xue bu, 1998. ; Can kao wen xian: p. 192-213. ; Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.
貧窮既是一種客觀況,又是一種主觀心感受。既有的研究很少關注老年人自身關於貧窮的經驗,特別是缺乏華人社會背景下貧窮老人主觀經驗的研究。本研究試圖從個體的層面考察貧窮對於中國城市老人多重面向的負面影響,以及他們如何回應這些負面影響,在此基礎上為改善與貧窮老人有關的社會政策提出適切的建議。 ; 基於這一研究目的,本研究從批判老年學和抗逆力的理論視角出發,採取建構主義範式和生命故事的研究取向,以中國北京的城市貧窮老人為例,選取17位城市貧窮老人為研究物件,深入研究中國城市貧窮老人的各種壓力,以及抗逆力的內外保護性因素回應這些壓力的機制及其所起到的作用。 ; 研究發現,中國城市貧窮老人面臨經濟壓力、疾病與老化的壓力、逆反哺與照顧配偶的壓力,以及貧窮恥感的壓力。貧窮在城市老人的主觀經驗裡意味著多重壓力的相迭,這從主觀經驗的角度揭示了中國城市貧窮老人的多重弱勢。 ; 作為抗逆力外在保護性因素的社會支持,它的實現機制因其類型的不同而相異。代際支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到代際團結和代際張力的共同影響;其他非正式支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到互惠關係的影響;社會政策的支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到人情倫理的雙重性和代群差異的影響。這些機制共同決定了貧窮老人的非正式支援日趨弱化,而社會政策和專業服務提供的正式支援有待加強。 ; 作為貧窮老人抗逆力的內在保護性因素,工具性策略由獨立性的要求所驅動,意義創造遵循追尋自我價值和重構貧窮經驗這兩條路徑。意義創造在貧窮老人的內在保護性因素中發揮著更為根本性的作用。內外保護性因素的比較有助於我們識別城市貧窮老人中更脆弱的次群體。 ; 基於這一研究發現,本研究在原有研究框架的基礎上,補充了貧窮老人的多重壓力和保護性因素的實現機制,擴展了貧窮老人抗逆力研究的研究框架。文章的最後提出了社會政策的具體建議。 ; Poverty is both an objective condition and a kind of subjective psychological feeling. However, existing studies pay little attention to older people's own experience of poverty, especially lacking of studies on subjective experience of the aged poor in the Chinese context. This research attempts to explore from the individual level, the multi-dimensional negative effects of poverty on the aged poor in urban China and how they respond to these impacts. On this basis, appropriate social policies were proposed to improve the living conditions of the aged poor. ; Taking the constructivist position and life story approach, this study was conducted from the perspectives of resilience theory and critical gerontology and used the urban aged poor in Beijing, China as an example. Seventeen urban aged poor were selected as the sample for in-depth interview and their multiple stresses, and the mechanisms of internal and external protective factors of resilience in response to their stresses and their functions were investigated. ; Research findings show that China's urban aged poor suffer stresses from economic pressure, diseases and aging, taking care of their spouses, inverse nurturing, and shamefulness of poverty. Poverty means a combination of multiple stresses in ...
Guo, Xinxin. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-78). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Abstract (Chinese Translation) --- p.iii ; Acknowledgments --- p.iv ; Table of Contents --- p.vi ; List of Figures --- p.viii ; Romanization and Translation --- p.ix ; Limitation of this Thesis --- p.x ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Approaching the Dolans and their Music --- p.1 ; Pre-existing Research --- p.4 ; Methodology and Fieldwork --- p.13 ; Chapter 2. --- Becoming an "Intangible Cultural Heritage´ح:Cultural Policies of UNESCO and the Chinese Government --- p.21 ; UNESCO and its Convention for the Safeguarding of the ICH --- p.22 ; Cultural Policies of the Chinese Government and their Implementation --- p.28 ; The Central Government´ةs Call for Preserving the Culture of Ethnic Minorities --- p.31 ; Transcribing Dolan Muqam --- p.37 ; The Local Government´ةs Implementation of Cultural Policies --- p.42 ; The Music Videos of Dolan Muqam --- p.46 ; Summary --- p.49 ; Chapter 3. --- Ketmen vs. Rawap: Transmission of Dolan Muqam in New Contexts --- p.50 ; Performance and Farming: Changes in Life of the Older Generation --- p.51 ; Learning Muqam: Career Potentials for the Younger Generations --- p.55 ; Dolan Muqam Training Classes in Mekit County --- p.57 ; The 13th National Young Singers TV Competition on CCTV --- p.60 ; Summary --- p.68 ; Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.69 ; Political Implications of Safeguarding the ICH --- p.69 ; Old Tradition and New Transmission --- p.71 ; References Cited --- p.73
本文以北朝戰爭書寫為題。記錄北朝戰爭的大多是正史等歷史文獻,這些並非全然客觀中立的書寫,而是包含官方意識形態、史家個人情懷等因素;甚至一些看似「客觀」的記錄,如兵力數字、氣候、地理,其實也有可能經過了史家有意的再創造。本文嘗試對歷史文本做進一步發掘,分析文本的內外關聯,如影響戰爭書寫的政治文化力量、史學內部傳統等,從而從側面增進對於古代戰爭的認識。 ; 本文匯集一些個案研究,分別討論北朝幾次戰爭記錄中的兵力數字、北周開國君主形象、北朝勝利和失敗的武將的書寫方式、胡族戰略戰術分析,以及記錄李淵建唐的《大唐創業起居注》等。 ; 本文嘗試指出,北朝戰爭書寫最為突出的特點,可歸結為「去胡化」,或者「由胡入漢」:北朝諸政權大多是胡族政權,但在東魏北齊以及唐初的史家筆下,這些北朝胡族政權的君主、將士,胡族色彩並不濃重,反而大多蒙上一層漢族文化的面紗;胡人的戰略戰術、戰爭過程的記錄都接近漢人的傳統方式。 ; This dissertation discusses the writing of warfare in the Northern Dynasties, Medieval China. Most of the records on the warfare are from official histories written in Northern Qi (550-577) and Tang Dynasty (618-907). These records, however, are under the influence of political and cultural powers, such as political struggles and orthodoxy. Even some of so called objective description, such as records of the place, time, figure and climate may be kind of recreation of the writers. This dissertation tries to analyze context of these records, including their political and cultural background, along with the development of historiography and other writing traditions. ; This dissertation is made up of several case studies, discussing respectively figures in battle, adventure of Yuwen Tai (the leader of the military group in Western Wei), the image of generals in the Northern Dynasties, the description of strategy and tactics of nomad people, and the historical record of Li Yuan, founder of Tang Dynasty. The principal conclusion is that in the official histories historians descript nomad people in traditional Chinese way. Sinicization of the nomad people is the most important characteristics of the writing of warfare in Northern Dynasties: the nomad leaders and generals are close to Chinese emperors and generals, the nomadic way of war is replaced by the Chinese way. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 雷仕偉. ; Parallel title from added title page. ; Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. ; Includes ...
Chan, Siu-han. ; Thesis submitted in: July 2004. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-193). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.i ; 論文摘要 --- p.ii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii ; CONTENTS --- p.v ; INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Empirical Puzzles and Theoretical Concern --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- The Cultural Scene in Hong Kong --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Defining the New Wave Cinema --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.4 --- The Objectives of the Thesis --- p.12 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- In Quest of Theoretical Perspective and Analytical Framework ; Chapter 2.1 --- Existing Studies of the New Wave Cinema --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Study of Popular Culture in Hong Kong --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Culture Industry: The Approach of the Frankfurt School --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.4 --- The Elective Affinity of Culture Industry with Hong Kong Society --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Analytical Framework --- p.36 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Anxiety of Political Subjectivity ; Chapter 3.1 --- Prelude --- p.45 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Perturbed Hong Kong People --- p.50 ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Hong Kong Diaspora --- p.57 ; Chapter 3.4 --- The Negative Projection on the Colonizers --- p.60 ; Chapter 3.5 --- The Ambivalence Towards the Motherland´ؤChina --- p.66 ; Chapter 3.6 --- Discourse on Political Modernization: The Anxiety of Political Subjectivity --- p.86 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Contradiction of Societal Modernization ; Chapter 4.1 --- Prelude --- p.89 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Looking back at the Pre-modernized Social Order --- p.91 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Rethinking the Entanglement of the Old and the New --- p.102 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Representing the Modernized New Social Order --- p.110 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Discourse on Societal Modernization: The Contradiction of Societal Modernization --- p.123 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Fragility of Hong Kong Cultural Identity ; Chapter 5.1 --- Prelude --- p.126 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Historical Memories as Cultural Receptacles --- p.128 ...
中国改革的初始恰逢全球对新时代曙光的期盼,但是理应相伴随的、适应市场经济的改革理论却依然缺乏。其改革政策似乎依然强烈地依赖于毛泽东主义。本论文集中探讨毛早期的三篇文章(1950年代后期(1960年代早期)被汇编成册并在文化大革命中家喻晓的"老三篇"--即《纪念白求恩》(1939),《为人民服务》(1944)和《愚公移山》(1945)--对中国改革政策实施的持续影响,并分析其持久力的成因以及它在中国改革前到改革中的政治施为(political performatives) 的传输。 ; 在过去,毛泽东主义被普遍当成是一个均等的政治统一体来论述。然而,本研究认为,与大多数革命文本不同,"老三篇"是对以"忠"和"孝"为代表的中国传统思想的拓展和延伸,而当前研究认为,"忠"、"孝"是灌输教育的中心和中国人个体习性的主要体现。利用表述行为与实践理论的概念,借用Butler和Bourdieu对于起义行为 (Insurrectionary acts) 与习性 (Habitus) 的见解,以"老三篇为主要分析文本,本文主要探讨"四字成语、"孝和"忠在中国价值观世代相传过程中的影响。上述文本分析与2010-2011年对于两个领域的采访研究是相辅相成的,调查分析了中国改革前政治文本在政府和教育机构改革中保持和消耗的方式。 ; 文本的初步研究揭示了潜藏于中国政治施为中的生产,实施和消费过程中的标准模式。该模式在这项研究中称为"对映结构 (antipodal structures)",表现在以善/恶,公/私及内/外为代表的相对的词汇单位里。对映结构的发现提供了一个平台,展现了以阴阳为表现代表的互补二元论 (complementary dualism) 在道德二元论 (ethical dualism) 层面有一个对应副本,而它的构建则成为中国人传统思想的主要表现标示。 ; 本研究认为, 虽然国家不愿意放弃其控制生产领域的象征,但是国内外新手玩家寻求自己在新创建的市场空间的定位的确会影响政治施为的生产和消费。本研究回答的问题之一是在上述观测条件下,以"为人民服务格言为代表的"社会效用准则(social utility criterion)"继续影响改革政策的实施,保持了延安精神的象征性资本。 ; The onset of the reform PRC was met with a global anticipation for the dawn of a new era but the discourse that is expected to accompany the adoption of market economy is still absent. There seem to be still a strong reliance upon Maoist discourse for articulating the guidelines for implementing the PRC reform policies. This dissertation will investigate the continued impact of Maoist discourse in reform policies implementation focusing on the Laosanpian texts which consist of Mao's early essays, "In Memory of Norman Bethune (1939), "Serve the People (1944) and "The Foolish Old Man who Removed Mountains (1945), compiled in the early 1960s and reaching fame at the height of the Cultural Revolution (1966 to 1976). The above examination of Maoist discourse is coupled with that of agents deemed responsible for the staying power and transmission of the pre-reform political performatives to the reform PRC. ; In the past, Maoist discourse was commonly known as a homogenous political unit. The present study, however, argues that the Laosanpian, unlike the majority of revolutionary texts ...
自1840年清廷與英國簽訂《南京條約》以來,長久以來東亞地區傳統國家對於人身的掌握方式以及以朝貢冊封作為手段所建立的天下秩序便日漸被削弱且重新被編入近代西方國際法秩序之中。在此過程中,當時的東亞各國,皆曾嘗試一方面遵行近代西方的國際法秩序,一方面使用西式的法律將自身塑造為符合西方意義下的近代國家以達到可以完全在其「國」內外掌控其臣民之人身並同時受到西方列強所承認的目的。而所謂的近代西方國際法秩序,特別是在其秩序下主權國家所代表的對外擁有獨立性以及對內之臣民與領土擁有排他性權力等特質,更被明治維新之後的日本政治家與知識分子視為是國體存在的憑藉與證明,是使日本得以與歐美列強建立平等外交關係的前提之一。換句話說,日本近代法秩序中具有明顯地使日本作為一個主權國家融入近代西方國際法秩序的企圖。 ; 然而自1890年《大日本帝國憲法》正式實施以來,日本先後在甲午戰爭以及日俄戰爭後領有臺灣與朝鮮。日本帝國在法律上所須支配的範圍不再僅限於日本列島,同時更包含了以上在帝國轄下這些地域的人身流動。在此種情況下,本研究企圖解決兩個問題,即:第一,當時什麼是「臺灣人」?而臺灣人在帝國內被日本政府以法律的方式賦予怎樣的法律地位?而這個法律地位在治安法律的適用上與帝國內的其他人群,特別是日本內地人之間又具有怎樣的差別,而其成因又是什麼?第二,當《治安維持法》作為當時日本帝國下日本與臺灣兩地域所共同擁有的治安法律時,帝國的裁判機構是如何根據帝國下各地域在地社會的情形而處理在各地域的治安法律案件的?而這些法院的判例又對於當時「臺灣人」族群意識的形成具有怎樣的影響?以及這些法律關係對於了解整個日本帝國的發展所具有的意義上有什麼幫助? ; 而經由本研究,筆者得出結論,認為帝國下的「臺灣人」的法律地位與其治安法律的適用是與日本帝國權力秩序之結構有著深刻的關係。而當時帝國權力秩序之結構事實上即是近代西方國際法秩序在東亞的滲透、天皇制國家的國體論述、兩地各自過往治安法律的實施背景,以及當時日本國內外的臨時事件的各個因素所形成的,並且影響了「臺灣人」作為一個族群意識的形成。 ; Ever since the mid-19th century, the traditional East Asian Hua Yi (華夷) system has been weakening and was re-incorporated into the modern Western world order because of the rise of the Western powers. This process not only broke the old ruling order (in East Asia connected through the Tribute system), but also made the East Asia countries greatly shaped by the new concept of the International Law, for example the equal status between all sovereign states and the sovereign states had exclusive authorities over their people and territories. In this trend, Japan, China, and other East Asian countries were to some extent, tried to not only comply with the order of the International Law, but also made themselves a sovereign state recognized by the Western powers in order to avoid their diplomatic intervention using the excuse of different concept of law. ; In this pursuit, the legal system, particularly the characteristics in the constitution that a country owning a constitution was independent from external interferences and superior to domestic affairs have attracted many Japanese intellectuals and politicians in the Meiji period (1868-1912). They ...