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The article analyzes the main barriers to the social integration of older people. The relevance of the chosen research topic is determined by the existing need to address many issues related to the increase in the proportion of older people, which leads to the transformation of the socio-demographic structure. It should also be taken into account that today old age is not only physiology, but also a combination of psychological, social, socio-cultural and other factors. However, not all of them have a positive effect on the social integration of older people. The problem of social exclusion after retirement comes to the fore, the search for the meaning of one's existence is more acute, there is a feeling of uselessness by society, which leads to depression and loneliness. In addition, there is the problem of society's perception of the elderly person himself. Often he is not positioned as an equal participant, as a social unit, and his social potential is not used. To eliminate these problems, it is necessary to understand the process of social integration, namely, what social barriers prevent positive changes in the life of an elderly person, exclude the possibility of benefiting society and being an active participant in it. Based on sociological surveys, it was revealed that socio-psychological (depression, loneliness, misunderstanding with relatives, etc.) have a greater influence on social integration; socio-economic (the level of material income; exposure to fluctuations in the market economy; the impact of external adverse factors; shortcomings in the pension system; lack of preferences from the state, lack of work in rural areas, etc.); labor (reduction of pensioners in the workplace; poor organization of the system of pre- and retirement employment); social and medical (unavailability of medical care and its low quality, understaffing of polyclinics and hospitals with the necessary specialists, constant increase in prices for medical services and medicines, etc.); socio-cultural (a small number of non-profit public organizations for the elderly, poor organization of leisure, etc.); ageist stereotypes (negative experience of communication with the elderly, self-stereotyping, estimation of values in society, etc.).

The article discusses the issue of social exclusion of elderly people in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author relies on the concept that defines social exclusion as a mechanism for separating a certain group of people from an integral community. Using the example of several respondents, the article examines the effects that social exclusion of elderly people creates in rural areas, as well as possible ways of their adaptation that can minimise it.

The empirical basis of the work is collected by the author 20 semi-structured interviews with elderly people living in rural areas in the Republic of Karelia and 20 diaries of their observations. When analysing interviews and diaries, a thematic method was used. The main result of the study is the identification of various fears and characteristics of the perception of social exclusion as a condition associated with changes in the habitual everyday life, as well as the lifestyle of respondents due to isolation.

The main conclusion highlights the various fears presented in the perceptions of social exclusion by elderly people associated with changes in the usual everyday life due to isolation.

The study also identifies the most effective ways for adaptation of elderly people to minimise their social exclusion: expanding communication with neighbours, translating communication into digital format. The data obtained by the author also allow us to draw a conclusion about changes in the sociological consideration of ageing. It becomes not a state of inclusiveness and activity, integration of elderly people into society, as modern concepts and approaches denote it (for example, the concept of active longevity), but a state that is primarily determined by physical weakness. The need for isolation, as well as limitation of activity, is becoming a forced measure that negatively affects older people and the characteristics of their perception of their age and the situation of a pandemic. This work contributes to the latest research into the understanding of ageing in the context of forced social exclusion in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.

In this article the forecasting model of career planning of student of University. This model has an empirical nature and lets to control the process and the content of student learning taking into account of his individual characteristics and the predictions of his potential careers.

The article considers experience of advanced training courses on the programmes of further professional education. The programmes correspond to social procurement of the government and allow teachers to get competence in accordance with the main ways of education policy; they also relate to innovation processe applied by institutions. The paper notes that modern social procurement defines the nature the teacher of profes sional competition as a necessary one for successful work of professionally advanced teacher at school. The author reveals the leading role of career development system in successful career and proficiency of a teacher and its contributing to career growth of a teacher. ; В статье рассматривается опыт организации курсов повышения квалификации по программам дополнительного профессионального образования, отвечающим социальному запросу государства и позволяющим педагогам приобрести ряд компетенций в соответствии с основными направлениями образовательной политики, которые связаны с рядом инновационных процессов, внедряемых в практику образовательных учреждений. Отмечается, что современный социальный заказ определяет понятие профессиональной конкуренции как необходимого для успешной работы в школе профессионально важного качества учителя. Автором раскрывается ведущая роль системы повышения квалификации в формирования успешной профессиональной карьеры педагога, содействии его карьерному росту.

Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу систем профессиональной ориентации в школах Европы, Азии и Америки с целью разработки рекомендаций по организации профориентации в российской средней школе с учетом передового опыта зарубежных стран. Выявленные тенденции (обязательность профориентации в рамках образовательной программы, наличие возможности у подростков попробовать себя в той или иной сфере профессиональной деятельности, оформление индивидуального портфолио каждым обучающимся) обусловливают успешное формирование у подростков способности сделать осознанный выбор будущей профессии. Особое внимание в зарубежном образовании уделяется формированию у подростков самостоятельности и умению объективно оценивать себя, что является важным качеством личности, обеспечивающим ее адекватное поведение в меняющихся условиях. Учитывая прогрессивный опыт, описанный в зарубежных исследованиях последнего десятилетия, авторы формулируют следующие рекомендации по организации профориентационной работы в российской школе. Во-первых, реализация профориентации в рамках специального обязательного предмета уже на этапе основного общего образования. Во-вторых, на уроке профконсультант должен научить подростка определять род занятия в соответствии со своими возможностями, изучать современный рынок труда в сопоставлении со своим внутренним потенциалом, а также обеспечить ему возможность «примерять» на себя различные профессии с обязательным самоанализом результатов «примерки».
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of career guidance systems in schools of Europe, Asia and America in order to develop recommendations for the organization of vocational guidance in Russian secondary schools, taking into account the best practices of foreign countries. The identified trends (mandatory career guidance within the framework of the educational program, the opportunity for adolescents to try out different professions, individual portfolios) help adolescents to make a deliberate choice of a future profession. Foreign education is particularly aimed at the formation of independence and the ability to objectively evaluate oneself, which is an important quality of a person that ensures their appropriate behavior in changing conditions. Taking into account the progressive experience described in foreign studies of the last decade, the authors formulate the following recommendations for the organization of career guidance in Russian schools. Firstly, the implementation of career guidance within the framework of a special compulsory subject at the stage of high school education. Secondly, in class the career counselor should teach the teenager to determine the type of occupation in accordance with his or her abilities, study the modern labor market in comparison with his or her internal potential, and also provide the teenager with the opportunity to "try on" various professions with further analysis of the results.

The paper focuses on comparative characteristics of men's and women's psychophysical men's and women's qualities on the way to career success. Some research materials of western scientists addressing the problem of modern objective reality in the European Union and in some others countries were analyzed. The authors introduce the data of opinion polls on the researched problem. ; Основным предметом анализа в настоящей статье выступают сравнительные характеристики психофизических мужских и женских качеств на пути к карьерному успеху. Анализируются некоторые материалы исследований западных учёных, касающиеся современных реалий в Европейском союзе и других странах мира. Приводятсяданныеопросовпоозначеннойпроблеме, проведённыхавторами.

The first part of the article discusses the possibilities of analyzing the publication activity of Russian elderly people in the social networks of the Internet in order to highlight the leading value determinants of successful aging. 126 web pages of the elderly (61.7 ± 6.1 years, 50 males and 76 females) were analyzed. Content analysis showed high activity of older Internet users. Using cluster analysis (hierarchical clustering), leading domains (clusters) were determined that reflect the main value orientations of the study participants. These include family values, politics, happiness, coziness and comfort, as well as significant events. The results obtained will subsequently be subjected to analysis of its influence on the emotional states and subjective well-being of older people – users of social networks.

Purpose: to find out the main reasons for divorce in old age, to assess social perception of certain situations that lead to divorce, to trace the development later in life after the divorce of former spouse. Methodology: qualitative research on how to "double reflection" in formal means of semi-structured interviews; discourse analysis of online documents on the Internet forums for the elderly. Results: allocated substantial characteristics of divorce in the third age. 1. The causes of divorce in older age, alcoholism, adultery, fake divorce, divorce due to the illness of a spouse, divorce is a consequence of the crisis of retirement. 2. Social approval/ condemnation of divorce in the third age - the examples cited in the study is an indicator of gender inequality. 3. The trajectories of the spouses later in life - "The effect of the return of" the wandering behavior, a new life, a divorce after the divorce. Practical implications - the creation of special courses on social gerontology for students of social and humanitarian disciplines, gerontologists, social workers, as well as the use of programs of socio-psychological training for the elderly.

The article analyzes the problems of professional training and employment of people of retirement age. The author shows that pension reforms on the course causes the problem for old people employment. The processes that occur in social and economic life and higher proportion of old people in Russia result in the need to build gerontological culture of society focusing on the role of old people in social development. The gerontological education assumes influencing people in their preparation for older age; revealing resources for development and participation in the public life for productive activities.The paper outlines that it is necessary to solve the problem and prepare people for retirement. Lifelong learning and being open-minded are seen as the reasons for old people efficient employment. Old people need to solve their problems efficiently not relying on governmental and public authorities. The article highlights the tendencies of professional training development that should be considered when teaching old people. These tendencies include: continuity of education, standards of professional training, democratic education, education availability, free compulsory education, equal rights in for professional and higher education aimed at personal development. The article represents professional standards and competency-based approach for training qualifi personnel. The concept «competency» is the dominant criterion when evaluating staff qualification as it is the main parameter of professional training and qualification of national employees.The author proposes the measures on improving professional training and employment of old people. ; В статье анализируются проблемы профессионального обучения и трудоустройства лиц пенсионного возраста. Показано, что предстоящая реформа пенсионной системы ставит на повестку дня проблему трудоустройства пожилых людей. Процессы, происходящие в социально-экономической жизни россиян, а также увеличение числа пожилых граждан в стране обусловливают необходимость формирования геронтокультуры общества, роли пожилых людей в социальном развитии. Основными целями геронтообразования являются подготовка к пожилому возрасту, выявление ресурсов для развития и вхождения в общественную жизнь для продуктивной деятельности в интересах личности, общества и государства. Утверждается, что необходимо решение проблемы подготовки граждан к выходу на пенсию. Предпосылкой обеспечения продуктивной занятости пожилых людей является выработка у них способности к непрерывному обучению и восприятию нового, чтобы они умели успешно решать свои проблемы, не полагаясь только на общественные и государственные органы.В статье показаны тенденции развития профессионального образования, которые должны учитываться при обучении людей пенсионного возраста. Эти тенденции включают преемственность, стандартизацию, демократизацию профессионального образования, а также его доступность, бесплатное общее образование, равенство в получении профессионального и высшего образования на основе способностей каждого, направленного на личностное развитие. Представлены профессиональные нормы, компетентностный подход в обучении квалифицированного персонала. Термин «компетенция» становится ведущим в оценкеуровня квалификации работников – важнейшего критерия профессионального образования и интегрального показателя качества отечественных работников.По результатам исследования предложены меры по совершенствованию профессиональной подготовки и трудоустройства лиц пенсионного возраста.

The article reveals the problem of Patriotic education of young people, shape and conditions of formation of patriotism, purpose of military-Patriotic education. At present, in Russia, the understanding of patriotism is limited to the experience of the past centuries. The manifestation of patriotism can be expressed in various forms: pride for one's country, for one's people, respect for the history of one's own country, respect for traditions and values. Motivational characteristics of the activity, ideological and ideological readiness, moral and ethical stability, appraisal and critical attitude towards oneself and the surrounding people express the level of patriotic education of the individual. The tasks of patriotic upbringing and their realization in modern conditions are considered. The authors come to the conclusion that with the proper organization of the work of the state, various organizations, it is possible to achieve manifestation of patriotism among the citizens of the Russian Federation.

What does an anthropologist's archive look like? Where is it located? And is the anthropology of archives important for the understanding of anthropological thinking today? Here we answer these questions by analysing the various life histories of the archival fragments of one of the most puzzling and influential anthropologists in the history of Russian and Soviet anthropology: Sergei Mikhailovich Shirokogoroff (1887–1939). Shirokogoroff is credited as being one of the authors of the etnos theory — one of the main instruments of identity politics in Russia, China, Germany and also, in part, Japan and South Africa. The transnational life histories of Shirokogoroff and his wife Elizaveta [Elizabeth] Nikolaevna (1884–1943), and of their ideas, suggests a conception of the archive not as a single whole, but instead as a collection of forgotten, hidden, obliterated, or, on the other hand, scrupulously preserved fragments. These fragments are not centred in one place or organized around any one reading, but they nevertheless represent "partial connections". Moreover, as we can see today with hindsight, none of these archival fragments lay inert. They have been intertwined in local political and social ontologies. Our text has an autoethnograpic quality. While illustrating separate episodes from the life of the Shirokogoroffs we also will tell of our search for the manuscripts through which we were forced onto strange paths and encounters. These greatly deepened our understanding both of the life of documents and their material links to the lives of researchers. Our article is an attempt to illustrate this complex picture which, in the end, will allow us to conclude that we have only just begun to understand the workings of the anthropologist's archive in the history of anthropological thought. ; QC 20220530

This article reveals the relevance of the study of intrapersonal constructive conflicts, as well as examines the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding this type of conflict. This type of conflict is associated with a positive model for achieving success, career growth and personal development. The article also reveals the significance of the study of intrapersonal destructive conflicts. This type of conflict is associated with an immoral and criminal model of achieving success, career growth and personality deformation. The theory of intrapersonal constructive and destructive conflicts is an integral part of social conflictology. There is still a lot to do both in theoretical and applied terms for its complete formation. Currently, there is an urgent need for the development of conflictological competence not only among professionals, but also among various groups of the population.

В статье представлены результаты изучения проблемы ранней технической профориентации детей старшего дошкольного возраста посредством профессиоведения. Авторы на основе анализа нормативных документов, теоретических работ и практического опыта раскрывают актуальность ранней профориентации и необходимость ознакомления детей дошкольного возраста с технической сферой жизни человека. Интерес к данной сфере обусловлен реализацией важной задачи государства по подготовке высококвалифицированных инженерно-технических кадров для промышленной сферы, интеллектуально развитых, способных к результативной технической деятельности. Результаты беседы с детьми старшего дошкольного возраста о технических профессиях показали, что большинство дошкольников имеют низкий уровень представлений о технических профессиях: дети затрудняются в назывании технических профессий, не могут описать трудовые действия, перечислить инструменты, оборудование и технику, индифферентны к техническим профессиям. Авторы обосновывают необходимость использования в процессе ранней технической профориентации профессиоведческого подхода, позволяющего определить необходимые для освоения детьми старшего дошкольного возраста знания о конкретных технических профессиях, а также подчеркивают важность сочетания методов информирования (рассказ, беседа, просмотр иллюстративных материалов, проектная деятельность и т. п.) и профессионального моделирования (сюжетно-ролевая игра).
The article presents the results of studying the problem of early technical career guidance among senior preschoolers through vocational studies. The authors, basing on the analysis of normative documents, theoretical works and practical experience, reveal the relevance of early career guidance and the need to familiarize preschool children with the technical sphere of human life. The interest in this area is due to the implementation of an important task of the state to train highly qualified engineering and technical personnel that are to be intellectually developed, capable of effective technical activities, for the industrial sector. The results of the conversation with senior preschool children about technical professions showed that most preschoolers hardly have any idea about technical professions: children find it difficult to name any technical professions, they cannot name labor actions or list any tools, equipment and machinery, and they are rather indifferent to technical professions. The authors substantiate the need to use a profession-based approach in the process of early technical career guidance. This approach allows us to determine the content of knowledge about specific technical professions necessary for the development of senior preschool children. They note the need for a combination of information methods (story, conversation, viewing illustrative materials, project activities, etc.) and professional modeling (story-role-playing) in the process of early technical career guidance for senior preschool children.

The article is devoted to the memory of Vladimir Anatolievich Georgiev, Associate Professor of the Faculty of History at Moscow State University, his scholarly heritage and participation in the activities of Professor N.S. Kinyapina's school in the study of foreign policy of the Russian Empire, especially concerning national peripheries - the Caucasus and Central Asia. The author provides the main facts of Georgiev's biography, including information about the activities of his parents, who were also professional historians and graduates of the Department of History, Moscow State University. Georgiev was a representative of one of the four generations of this family who graduated from the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. His scholarly career and many years of teaching are connected with the Department of Russian history in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Under the supervision of Professor N.S. Kinyapina he successfully defended his PhD thesis "Russian Foreign Policy in the Middle East in the Late 1830s and Early 1840s" and published a corresponding monograph in the mid-1970s. The article also deals with his major publications in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, in particular, with his contribution to the collective monograph The Eastern Question in Russian Foreign Policy. From the Late Eighteenth through the Early Twentieth Century. Special attention is paid to the group set up by Georgiev for research on Russian policy in the Caucasus during the imperial period. The article lists all of the students, who studied under his direction from writing student essays to defending dissertations and compiling their own monographs. Georgiev's multifaceted work on popularization of historical knowledge in text- and handbooks for students and schoolchildren is not forgotten. They are still in great demand and published in large editions. Georgiev also wrote for the Soviet Military Encyclopedia and the Large Russian Encyclopedia.

The article discusses the policy of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the implementation of the National Training Program ; В статье рассматривается политика правительства Республики Узбекистан по реализации Национальной программы подготовки кадров