Suchergebnisse

This article tests if the democratization process in Central and Eastern Europe
coincides with a decrease in number of invalid votes. Using descriptive
statistics, we seek for evidence from 67 elections in ten countries from the
regions during the period 1990-2012. By the beginning of the 2000s, ten years
after the breakdown of communist regime, the percentages of invalid votes
in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe reached levels comparable to
those of the Western European democracies. However, significant differences
between regions and countries endure. This article adds to the literature by
being the first to inquire into the subject of invalid votes in the Central and
Eastern Europe.

The article explores the way political participation, representation and governance
are conceptualized and rationalized by the Romanian legislation on parties. The
plurality of parties was initially set up as a way to discipline and organize the
political pluralism manifest in society in order to contain it within the boundaries
imposed by the Constitution. This disciplinary vocation of parties was confirmed
and reinforced by the laws enacted in 1996 and 2003 that embedded parties into
a functional vision of democracy where they were explicitly endowed with
the public mission of ensuring the political integration of Romanian citizens.
The detailed rationalization of parties' mission to organize citizens' political
participation and to contain the expression of their political will contrasted
sharply with both the ambiguity of their governmental role within the "eclectic"
institutional design of the Constitution, and with their organizational friability.

Actuellement nombreuses compagnies provenants des pays développés réexaminent la géographie de l'«outsourcing» (externalisation). La focalisation durable sur la productivité, l'efficience opérationnelle et la posibilité d'une future extension de l'emplacement, l'emportent sur la diminution de coûts à court terme. L'arrivée des grandes STN (sociétés transnationales) dans les pays de l'Europe Centrale et de l'Est marque le début d'une tendance ample, qui tient non seulement des opportunités de faire économie à long terme, mais aussi d'une possible perspective pour ces pays de devenir leaders dans l'attirance des investissements.

The erosion of media trust raises concerns about the ways in which the conduit of political information could undermine citizens' trust in democracy. While a large body of research in western democracies shows that media trust is contingent on specific media-system, political and cultural factors pertaining to national contexts, little is known about the sources of media trust in the new democracies from Central and Eastern Europe. Based on statistical analyses of public opinion surveys, this research tests if levels of trust in various traditional (television, radio, written press) and alternative mediums (Internet and online social networks) are differentiated along political party lines and depending on media consumption patterns in post-communist Romania. The results reveal a stronger association between trust in political parties and trust in traditional mediums, while trust in online media is more strongly linked to consumption patterns. These findings have practical, theoretical and normative implications for the functioning of democracy in post-communist societies.

Prefaţă / Attila GIDÓ, István HORVÁTH, Judit PÁL -- Legea naţionalităţilor din 1868 şi consecinţele ei / Gábor GÁNGÓ -- Antecedentele din Austria ale Legii naţionalităţilor din 1868 / Ágnes DEÁK -- Concepţiile despre naţionalitate ale lui József Eötvös în Ideile dominante / Attila DEMETER -- Contele Imre Mikó şi chestiunea naţionalităţilor / Ákos EGYED -- Uniune sau autonomie? : Reglementarea legală a uniunii Transilvaniei în 1868 / Judit PÁL -- Liberalism şi interes de putere : dileme politice privind libertăţile individuale şi cetăţeneşti din perioada dualismului din Ungaria / András CIEGER -- Identitate reprimată : legislaţie şi deznaţionalizare în Transilvania dualistă / Luminiţa IGNAT-COMAN -- Legea şcolară 38/1868 şi efectele sale asupra evoluţiei învăţământului confesional năsăudean / Mirela POPA-ANDREI / Mileniul şi naţionalităţile / Bálint VARGA-KUNA -- Cum să fie autonomia rusinilor? : cauza voievodatului subcarpatic / Csilla FEDINEC -- Proiecte pentru o lege a minorităţilor naţionale în România interbelică / Vasile CIOBANU -- O mică Ungarie în România Mare : Alternative pentru Secuime în proiectele maghiare dintre cele două războaie mondiale / Csaba ZAHORÁN / Evreii din România între 1938-1940 : De la statutul de cetăţean la cel de paria / Liviu CARARE -- Din piesă de teatru-discurs : cum se făcea politică în mod simbolic în anii 1980, într-o societate locală maghiară din România / Zsuzsa PLAINER -- Obiective şi concepţii în politica minoritară a Ungariei în perioada 1988-1993 / Balázs DOBOS / Discriminarea etnică şi rasială în jurisprudenţa Curţii Europene a Drepturilor Omului / Radu CHIRIŢĂ -- Legislaţia minoritară în Italia şi Slovenia / Sergiu CONSTANTIN / Legislaţia şi aplicarea drepturilor de protecţie a minorităţilor în Ucraina : experienţele politicii privind minorităţile într-un stat naţional nou / Mihály TÓTH -- Drepturile lingvistice ale minorităţilor şi utilizarea limbilor minoritare în România / István HORVÁTH -- Soluţii electorale speciale pentru minorităţi : legislaţia românească în perspectivă comparată / István Gergő SZÉKELY -- Sistemul drepturilor minoritare şi autonomia culturală în proiectul de lege privind statutul minorităţilor naţionale / Attila VARGA

This study submits to our attention some qualitative and quantitative aspects related to urban and semi urban habitat from the former Arad County in the eighteenth century. If in 1715 there were 6 market towns, at the end of the century were already 15. Based on the conscriptions, urbariums and census, I have tried to detect the evolution of market towns during the entire eighteenth century. Reform policy of the Habsburg absolutism has determined even an economic and demographic increase in the market towns of Arad County. Between those 15 market towns of the county existing in 1787 only Arad had obvious urban characteristics. Here was concentrated 6.15% of the county population. By comparison with other counties from Transylvania and Hungary, I have pursued to dignify and quantify different aspects of the urbanization degree in the Arad County registered in the eighteenth century. The development of market towns in Arad County has had the same evolution with those of Central and Eastern Europe, because the agrarian character of these localities was predominant. The evolution towards urbanization was evident along the eighteenth century both in terms of population growth and a great social mobility and also in light of the economic and municipal development. The transformations in the direction of modernization registered during the eighteenth century were the basement of the future process of urbanization of Arad County in the century that has followed.