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The 'Chinese dream' sums up China's goals in the twenty-first century. Since its first appearance in 2012, the concept of the Chinese dream has been the core of Xi Jinping's "new thoughts, new ideas and new arguments". At the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China it was elevated as one of the guiding principles of 'Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era', which represents the latest effort towards the Sinicization of Marxism. This paper aims at casting light on whether the discourse on the Chinese dream carries new contents or is based on old concepts 'camouflaged' as new. To do so, it will analyse the ideological implications of those 'creative metaphors' that compose the discursive mosaic of the Chinese dream as used by Xi Jinping in his political speeches. Drawing on the studies on conceptual metaphors and frame analysis, this study analyses those metaphorical expressions that are purposely outlined in the transcription of the speeches with the aim of signaling the originality of "Xi's language style". The final aim is to provide insight into what these 'creative metaphors' are doing in contemporary China. Results show that 'creative metaphors' in the discourse on the Chinese dream are meant to set the agenda on revitalising morality within the Party as well as 'unifying' values in today's Chinese society, and most of them are far from being new in Chinese political discourse.

During one century's development, libraries in China have overcome many difficulties, changed their focus and orientation, and built up a steady basis for future development. When entering the new century, they are changing and progressing at an ever-increasing speed. Facing both opportunities and challenges, they are seriously rethinking and redefining their roles, missions, and orientations in the information era. A user-oriented philosophy is replacing the traditional book-centered philosophy.Free, equal, and open spirit is spreading in the library field. While engaging in the state-of-the-art activities such as digital libraries, new services, information resource development and sharing, and library administration and reform, libraries in China are closely concerned with the unbalanced development of China and the enlarging digital divide. While playing an important role in the public education and in preserving the traditional culture, they are actively involved in the campaign of sustainable development and the improvement of economically underdeveloped areas. This paper is a general overview of the libraries in China, presenting the status quo and current trends. It first introduces the current organization and policy structure of the library system in China, with emphasis on the National Library of China, public library system, academic library system, and research library system, and points out some existing problems in the structure. It then talks about some of the recent trends in library services, including the employment of online shared cataloging and online public access catalog, the tradition of and current focus on user education and instruction, the emerging interest in reference services especially cooperative digital reference services, and the developing document delivery and inter-library loan services. As in other countries, new technologies and the Internet have a great impact on the librarianship in China.In Section 4, some major digital library projects are introduced, including China National Digital Library Project (CNDL), Chinese National Science Digital Library (CSDL), Tsinghua University Architecture Digital Library (THADL), and Chinese Digital Library Standards (CDLS). Some existing problems in the development of digital libraries are discussed; for example, most of the digital library projects in China are still in the rudimental stage of simply digitizing library materials, rather than more complicated digital services. The next section talks about the digital divide in China and the resource sharing efforts of libraries. China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) is the major project in the academic library system, and National Science and Technology Library (NSTL) is a digital library engaging in information sharing in the research sector. Information sharing projects in the public library system are mostly sponsored by the government, including but not limited to the nation-wide project of "Send Books to the Countryside" and the "Mobile Libraries" project in Guangdong province. The Shanghai Information Resources Network is a case of cross-sector information sharing projects, and the conferences of Chinese Resources Cooperation and Development are the international endeavor in sharing Chinese information resources and preserving Chinese culture. Library legislation and library education are briefly discussed towards the end of the paper. A unified library law of China is still an important issue under development, and requires the efforts and cooperation from both within and outside the library profession.Library education in China is a comprehensive system with undergraduate education as the basic means of training professional librarians and in-service training as an important complement. The graduate education also grows fast in recent years in response to the demands of high quality librarians. ; During one century's development, libraries in China have overcome many difficulties, changed their focus and orientation, and built up a steady basis for future development. When entering the new century, they are changing and progressing at an ever-increasing speed. Facing both opportunities and challenges, they are seriously rethinking and redefining their roles, missions, and orientations in the information era. A user-oriented philosophy is replacing the traditional book-centered philosophy.Free, equal, and open spirit is spreading in the library field. While engaging in the state-of-the-art activities such as digital libraries, new services, information resource development and sharing, and library administration and reform, libraries in China are closely concerned with the unbalanced development of China and the enlarging digital divide. While playing an important role in the public education and in preserving the traditional culture, they are actively involved in the campaign of sustainable development and the improvement of economically underdeveloped areas. This paper is a general overview of the libraries in China, presenting the status quo and current trends. It first introduces the current organization and policy structure of the library system in China, with emphasis on the National Library of China, public library system, academic library system, and research library system, and points out some existing problems in the structure. It then talks about some of the recent trends in library services, including the employment of online shared cataloging and online public access catalog, the tradition of and current focus on user education and instruction, the emerging interest in reference services especially cooperative digital reference services, and the developing document delivery and inter-library loan services. As in other countries, new technologies and the Internet have a great impact on the librarianship in China.In Section 4, some major digital library projects are introduced, including China National Digital Library Project (CNDL), Chinese National Science Digital Library (CSDL), Tsinghua University Architecture Digital Library (THADL), and Chinese Digital Library Standards (CDLS). Some existing problems in the development of digital libraries are discussed; for example, most of the digital library projects in China are still in the rudimental stage of simply digitizing library materials, rather than more complicated digital services. The next section talks about the digital divide in China and the resource sharing efforts of libraries. China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) is the major project in the academic library system, and National Science and Technology Library (NSTL) is a digital library engaging in information sharing in the research sector. Information sharing projects in the public library system are mostly sponsored by the government, including but not limited to the nation-wide project of "Send Books to the Countryside" and the "Mobile Libraries" project in Guangdong province. The Shanghai Information Resources Network is a case of cross-sector information sharing projects, and the conferences of Chinese Resources Cooperation and Development are the international endeavor in sharing Chinese information resources and preserving Chinese culture. Library legislation and library education are briefly discussed towards the end of the paper. A unified library law of China is still an important issue under development, and requires the efforts and cooperation from both within and outside the library profession.Library education in China is a comprehensive system with undergraduate education as the basic means of training professional librarians and in-service training as an important complement. The graduate education also grows fast in recent years in response to the demands of high quality librarians.

The Monetary Policy and The Exchange Rate Policy in China Index 1.The People's Bank of China 1.1 The history of The People's Bank of China 1.2 The role of The People's Bank of China 1.3 Internal departments 2.The Fiscal policy of china 3. The monetary policy of China 3.1 monetary policy 3.2 The Crisis over the last 10 years 3.3 independence of PBC 3.4 Taylor's rule in China 4. Comparison 4.1 Fed Reserve and ECB 4.2 Comparison of EU, US and China central banks and economies 5 The exchange rate policy of China 5.1 fixed exchange rate and floating exchange rate 5.2balance of international payments and capital mobility 5.3The policy ofChina 6 The future of CNY in the world arena 7.Can the CNY become a currency of international rank?

La Cina rappresenta una minaccia per le economie occidentali? La risposta è decisamente sì! L'idea della Cina come "fabbrica del mondo" è ormai superata. Grandi gruppi industriali cinesi progettano, sviluppano e fabbricano prodotti propriamente cinesi, non più soltanto made in Chinabensì made by China.Quest'opera, dinamica e piacevole da leggere, ripercorre lo sviluppo folgorante di questi nuovi giganti che non si limitano più a imitare ma puntano all'innovazione e all'eccellenza tecnologica lanciandosi alla conquista del mercato mondiale. Questo saggio, imperdibile e ben documentato, in cui cifre, esempi e aneddoti si uniscono per documentare e dar vita alla discussione, getta una luce nuova sugli attori di primo piano dell'economia cinese

The globalization of the seafood supply chain, together with the difficulty in visual identification of prepared seafood products, makes quite easy to commit frauds by substituting high-value species with less expensive ones. The traceability systems implemented at international level should be the answer to solve this issue and the accurate labeling of seafood species throughout the supply chain has become quite important for the protection of the consumers. Currently, the European Union (EU) has established a legal framework for the management of seafood label (Reg. No. 1379/2013), while in China, despite its increasingly important role in the world's seafood market, a specific vertical regulation for fishery product traceability and an official system for the assignment of the trade names are still not available. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to develop rapid, economic and highly sensitive methods for the identification of seafood species. DNA-based methods are the most applied for species identification due to the high resistance of nucleic acid to physical-chemical treatments that allow to recover diagnostic fragment of DNA even in processed products. However, the most appropriate DNA based method to be used should be selected according to the species and the kind of products to be analyzed. In this perspective, the research activities were aimed: (I) to develop a simple and cost-effective bead-milling method for DNA extraction from fish muscles, (II) to develop a DNA-based method to verify the labeling accuracy in the light of the European provisions, (III-IV) to investigate the phenomenon of species substitution in China, (V) to assess the possible implementations of the Chinese labeling system through the introduction of official denominations, in light of EU. The bead-based method developed in the first work allowed to obtain acceptable amounts of DNA, with good purity and amplificability. Although the salting-out method has been confirmed as the most effective protocol in terms of pure performances, the bead-milling procedure can be considered a valid alternative. In the second work the analyisis of canned pet food commercialized on the EU market and claiming to contain high price ingredients was performed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and and Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing (FINS). An impressive rate of mislabeling (100% for whole minnows and 40% for tuna fillets) was highlighted. DNA and mini-DNA barcoding technique was applied for the identification of commercial products sold with the Chinese term 鳕(Xue, Cod) in supermarkets (Nanjing and Shanghai) and in the online market in China. The mislabeling rate was assessed according to three increasingly stringent definitions due to the lack of harmonization around the definition of Cod in China. A very high mislabeling rate, which exceeded 60% even with the less stringent definition, was highlighted. The same technique applied for the identification of fish products sold on the Chinese e-commerce market as Anoplopoma fimbria highlighted an alarming overall misrepresentation rate of 85,7%. Finally, through the analysis of the commercial designations officially adopted by 5 European Member States (MSs) (Italy, France, United Kingdom (UK), Germany and Spain) and of those adopted on international lists of Chinese names such as the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics and Information Service (ASFIS), FishBase and the Latin-Chinese Dictionary of Fish Names (LCDFN) for Cod, Salmon and Tuna species, possible implementations of the Chinese labeling system through the introduction of official denominations were suggested.