This article highlights significant aspects of the contemporary reality in Chinese society,characterized by fast economic and cultural changes. It discusses how has the formation of apublic opinion independent from institutional power occurred, increasingly more fragmented,heterogenous, and sometimes critical to the choices made by the regime. The diversity ofopinions is favored by the internet. But this mean is also considered by the Chinese State, ininitiatives such as the Social Credit System, a tool to strengthen trust and social cohesion,reducing destabilization risks for the leadership of the Communist Party. ; O artigo destaca alguns aspectos significativos da realidade contemporânea na sociedade chinesa, marcada por uma rápida transformação econômica e cultural. Discute como tem se dado a formação de uma opinião pública independente do poder institucional, cada vez mais fragmentada, heterogênea e, em alguns casos, crítica às escolhas do regime. A diversidade opinativa é favorecida pela internet. Mas esse meio é também pensado pelo Estado chinês, a partir de iniciativas como o chamado Sistema de Crédito Social, como instrumento para fortalecer a confiança e a coesão social, reduzindo os riscos de desestabilização à liderança do Partido Comunista.
China's rise is one of the hottest issues among international relations scholars & experts. However, China's rise is an event with some centuries. The future is unknown but the past may give us some clues because China's history is cyclical. Some are worried about China's rise, others fear it will collapse in the future. From the analysis of the past examples & from the policies adopted by the third & forth generation leaders, we may examine whether the rise of China as a major power will be peaceful. Tables, Graphs, 1 Diagram, References. Adapted from the source document.
In 1974 Roland Barthes, François Wahl, Philippe Sollers, Julia Kristeva and Marcelin Pleynet spend a month in Mao Zedong's China. The "Tel Quel group", as they were seen, visits the country under the tutelage of Luxingshe Agency, which also provides two guides and translators in order to accompany visitors. Taking as a guideline Barthes's Travels in China ([1974] 2009) and the article "Alors, la Chine?" (without translation in English), I will try to identify, describe and interpret the presence of the Chinese Foreigner by the eyes of the French writer, through these spacial and linguistic formulations, as well as the descriptions of the Chinese people. From this reading, in a more abstract degree, situations of exercise of authority and the search for otherness will be the object of reflection, marking the timelessness of the Barthesian gestures of repulsion to the first and the search for the second. Barthes's views will be opposed to those of his fellow travellers, who also reported their impressions once back to France. How is China grasped by the textual plot of travel narratives and the discourse of group members? Which aspects converge and which diverge in these multiple views on the same object, the Foreigner, particularly Chinese, in a moment of political and ideological authoritarianism? ; Em 1974 Roland Barthes, François Wahl, Philippe Sollers, Julia Kristeva e Marcelin Pleynet passam um mês na China de Mao Tsé-Tung. O "grupo de Tel Quel", como era visto, visita o país sob a tutela da Agência Luxingshe, que também providencia dois guias e tradutores para acompanhar os visitantes. Tendo por fio condutor os Cadernos da viagem à China([1974] 2009) e o artigo "E então, China?" (1974) de Barthes, procurarei identificar, descrever e interpretar a presença do estrangeiro chinês aos olhos do escritor francês, por meio de suas formulações espacial e linguística, bem como das descrições dos chineses. Dessa leitura, num grau mais abstrato, serão objeto de reflexão situações de exercício de autoridade e de busca pela alteridade, marcando a atualidade dos gestos barthesianos de repulsa à primeira e de busca pela segunda. Os pontos de vista de Barthes serão contrapostos aos de seus colegas de viagem, que também reportaram suas impressões uma vez de volta à França. Como a China é apreendida pela trama textual das narrativas de viagem e pelo discurso dos membros do grupo? Quais aspectos convergem e quais divergem nesses múltiplos olhares sobre o mesmo objeto, o Estrangeiro, particularmente, chinês, num momento de autoritarismo político e ideológico?
The Lula era has witnessed a changing bilateral strategic partnership between China and Brazil, having the interlocutions between both countries became more substantial, comprehensive and influential. To enlarge the global impacts of the partnership, both countries should inject more regional and global components into their bilateral agenda. In doing so, both sides need to enhance the ties not only in terms of economic cooperation but also of social interaction. Adapted from the source document.
The present paper explores the role of China in Asia's evolution in the international system, describing the political and security dynamics that has characterized its diverse "centres" -- East Asia, Northeast Asia or Southeast Asia -- and that, at the turning of the century, created the conditions for the emergence of a "Great Asia", concomitantly with the acknowledgement of China. The paper also approaches the various conflicts that have marked the history of the region during the Cold War and, despite the fact that its end was unable to bring to Asia the "Kantian peace", a "Lockean intermission" took place in the area, as a result of North-American unipolar preponderance and a long cycle of economic growth. Adapted from the source document.
