At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the political science of the Occident began to spread into China. Chinese elites were fascinated by these brand new thoughts immediately. The goal of this research is to try to find the role of Rousseau's works in this 'great discovery' and their importance which has influenced Chinese intellectuals until now. ; À la fin de la dynastie Qing, la science politique occidentale a commencé à pénétrer en Chine et les élites chinoises se sont bientôt passionnées pour ces idées nouvelles à leurs yeux. L'objet de cette étude est de voir le rôle occupé par l'œuvre de Rousseau dans cette découverte et son importance dans les débats qui ont occupé les intellectuels chinois jusqu'à aujourd'hui.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the political science of the Occident began to spread into China. Chinese elites were fascinated by these brand new thoughts immediately. The goal of this research is to try to find the role of Rousseau's works in this 'great discovery' and their importance which has influenced Chinese intellectuals until now. ; À la fin de la dynastie Qing, la science politique occidentale a commencé à pénétrer en Chine et les élites chinoises se sont bientôt passionnées pour ces idées nouvelles à leurs yeux. L'objet de cette étude est de voir le rôle occupé par l'œuvre de Rousseau dans cette découverte et son importance dans les débats qui ont occupé les intellectuels chinois jusqu'à aujourd'hui.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the political science of the Occident began to spread into China. Chinese elites were fascinated by these brand new thoughts immediately. The goal of this research is to try to find the role of Rousseau's works in this 'great discovery' and their importance which has influenced Chinese intellectuals until now. ; À la fin de la dynastie Qing, la science politique occidentale a commencé à pénétrer en Chine et les élites chinoises se sont bientôt passionnées pour ces idées nouvelles à leurs yeux. L'objet de cette étude est de voir le rôle occupé par l'œuvre de Rousseau dans cette découverte et son importance dans les débats qui ont occupé les intellectuels chinois jusqu'à aujourd'hui.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers for the Chinese intellectuals in the 20e century. This study focuses firstly on different groups of society, not only the intellectuals, but also average people and they were inspired by Rousseau. Secondly, the historical materials the author employed are not limited to political commentaries, academic articles, but also included a number of novels, plays or other literary works. In order to provide a complete interpretation of this subject, the author employed especially the imperial exam papers in the late Qing, which is breakthrough of the early studies in the similar subject. Over all speaking, this thesis is an excellent exploration of the themes which author sets but there are still some problems which should be modified for further study, such as content about the complexity of the thinking of Rousseau. The first part of this thesis collects more than two hundred historical documents mentioned Rousseau. By analyzing the historical source according to the time, the authors and the species, the thesis reveals an overall historical course how the Rousseau's ideas spread in the late Qing Dynasty. The second part of the article focuses on the intellectual elite and how they accept and understand Rousseau's thoughts. According to the historical database of this thesis, at late Qing, Liang Qichao is the intellectual who advocated the most the ideas of Rousseau. His attitude towards Rousseau turns from the praise to suspect and finally to criticize, but from the perspective of the history of the human civilization, Liang always holds a "stable" position towards Rousseau. The revolutionary intellectuals elites have an special mode in propagation of Rousseau's thoughts. Their propaganda system is from shallow to deep, covering all sectors of society crowd. Yan fu, although he criticized the political philosophy of Rousseau, also recognized the contribution of Rousseau as educator. The third part deals with the popular literature, literary works, which ...
Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers for the Chinese intellectuals in the 20e century. This study focuses firstly on different groups of society, not only the intellectuals, but also average people and they were inspired by Rousseau. Secondly, the historical materials the author employed are not limited to political commentaries, academic articles, but also included a number of novels, plays or other literary works. In order to provide a complete interpretation of this subject, the author employed especially the imperial exam papers in the late Qing, which is breakthrough of the early studies in the similar subject. Over all speaking, this thesis is an excellent exploration of the themes which author sets but there are still some problems which should be modified for further study, such as content about the complexity of the thinking of Rousseau. The first part of this thesis collects more than two hundred historical documents mentioned Rousseau. By analyzing the historical source according to the time, the authors and the species, the thesis reveals an overall historical course how the Rousseau's ideas spread in the late Qing Dynasty. The second part of the article focuses on the intellectual elite and how they accept and understand Rousseau's thoughts. According to the historical database of this thesis, at late Qing, Liang Qichao is the intellectual who advocated the most the ideas of Rousseau. His attitude towards Rousseau turns from the praise to suspect and finally to criticize, but from the perspective of the history of the human civilization, Liang always holds a "stable" position towards Rousseau. The revolutionary intellectuals elites have an special mode in propagation of Rousseau's thoughts. Their propaganda system is from shallow to deep, covering all sectors of society crowd. Yan fu, although he criticized the political philosophy of Rousseau, also recognized the contribution of Rousseau as educator. The third part deals with the popular literature, literary works, which ...
Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers for the Chinese intellectuals in the 20e century. This study focuses firstly on different groups of society, not only the intellectuals, but also average people and they were inspired by Rousseau. Secondly, the historical materials the author employed are not limited to political commentaries, academic articles, but also included a number of novels, plays or other literary works. In order to provide a complete interpretation of this subject, the author employed especially the imperial exam papers in the late Qing, which is breakthrough of the early studies in the similar subject. Over all speaking, this thesis is an excellent exploration of the themes which author sets but there are still some problems which should be modified for further study, such as content about the complexity of the thinking of Rousseau. The first part of this thesis collects more than two hundred historical documents mentioned Rousseau. By analyzing the historical source according to the time, the authors and the species, the thesis reveals an overall historical course how the Rousseau's ideas spread in the late Qing Dynasty. The second part of the article focuses on the intellectual elite and how they accept and understand Rousseau's thoughts. According to the historical database of this thesis, at late Qing, Liang Qichao is the intellectual who advocated the most the ideas of Rousseau. His attitude towards Rousseau turns from the praise to suspect and finally to criticize, but from the perspective of the history of the human civilization, Liang always holds a "stable" position towards Rousseau. The revolutionary intellectuals elites have an special mode in propagation of Rousseau's thoughts. Their propaganda system is from shallow to deep, covering all sectors of society crowd. Yan fu, although he criticized the political philosophy of Rousseau, also recognized the contribution of Rousseau as educator. The third part deals with the popular literature, literary works, which reveals an overview how the enlightenment values of Rousseau thought inspiring the Chines at late Qing. By analyzing the imperial exam papers, especially in the part of "policy question", the thesis discovers a split phenomenon in the class of the gentry, which shows the challenges and their answers of the gentry as defenders of the traditional social order at the late Qing Dynasty. ; Jean-Jacques Rousseau est l'un des philosophes les plus importants pour les intellectuels chinois dans le XXe siècle. Cette étude se concentre d'abord sur les différents groupes de la société, pas seulement les intellectuels, mais aussi la moyenne des gens et comment ils ont été inspirés par Rousseau. Deuxièmement, les documents historiques employés ne sont pas limités à des commentaires politiques, des articles académiques, mais sont également inclus un certain nombre de romans, de pièces de théâtre ou d'autres œuvres littéraires. Afin de donner une interprétation complète de ce sujet, l'auteur emploie surtout les copies d'examen impérial à la in des Qing, qui est une percée des sources historiques sur le thème similaire. En résumé cette thèse est une exploration de ce thème mais il ya encore quelques problèmes qui devraient être modifiés pour les études plus approfondies comme la complexité de la pensée de Rousseau en Chine. La première partie de la thèse rassemble plus de deux cents documents historiques mentionnant Rousseau. En analysant les sources historiques selon le temps, les auteurs et les types, la thèse révèle un parcours historique : comment se propagent les idées de Rousseau à al fin des Qing? La deuxième partie de l'article se concentre sur l'élite intellectuelle et la façon dont elle accepte et comprend les pensées de Rousseau. Selon la base de données historiques de cette thèse, à la fin des Qing, Liang Qi-Chao est l'intellectuel qui a le plus promu les idées de Rousseau. Son attitude envers Rousseau se détourne de la louange et soupçonne et critique. Du point de vue de l'historie de la civilisation humaine, Liang détient toujours une position "stable" sur Rousseau. Les élites révolutionnaires ont eu un mode de propagation spécial de la pensée de Rousseau. Leur système de propagande a couvert tous les secteurs de la société. Yan Fu, malgré qu'il ait critiqué la philosophie politique de Rousseau, a également reconnu la contribution de Rousseau en tant qu'éducateur. La troisième partie traite de la littérature populaire, des œuvres littéraires, qui révèlent comment les valeurs des Lumières de Rousseau ont inspiré les Chinois à la fin de Qing. En analysant les feuilles d'examen impérial, en particulier dans le cadre de "stratégie-question", la thèse montre un phénomène de "conflit" au sein de la gentry à propos de Rousseau et dévoile les défis et les réponses de la gentry, en tant que défenseur de l'ordre social traditionnel à la fin de la dynastie Qing.
Between the 1911 revolution which ended the Qing empire and allowed a Republic to be installed in China to the Communist victory in 1949, China lived a time of political unrest. While the country was trying to present itself as an actor of the international tensions, it had to struggle with intern conflicts such as warlords' conflicts, the Nanking Republic led by Chiang Kai-shek and then the civil war between nationalists and communists. The sino-japanese war, which began in 1931, added the violence of an international war to these events. During these trouble times, France was seen as an example by young-educated Chinese, who were dreaming of democracy. Thus, the present work tries to uncover what the reactions of the whole French intellectual society (writers, journalists, professors, or missionaries) were about those disruptions. We will need to follow different intellectual careers by exploring their press organs and places of socialization, what might reveal some attitudes of the intellectuals, necessarily changing over the years. This study aims to bring to light the networks of these intellectuals fascinating by China, both inside and outside the country. The words of Chinese, Japanese of Indochinese intellectuals will reveal how intellectual exchanges were productive, at a time when the Communist Party was being structured with difficulty. Our work aims to adopt a transnational perspective, to question the reciprocal representations that irrigate these intercultural exchanges. We will therefore try to illustrate the attitudes and the paths of the French intellectuals toward a changing republican China. This country then offers the opportunity to question the best know definitions of the word, "intellectual", to observe various forms of engagement or non-engagement for China. The last French intellectuals taking place in those intercultural exchanges left the now communist China, only in 1954. The departure of these people, who were companions of the political disruptions of the Republic of China ...
International audience ; Faced to the Western intrusion and to the inner crisis, early 20th century Chinabecomes involved into a processus of modernization and expériences importantchanges in the relationship between the state and the social body. Created anddeveloped after the government New Policy (1901-1911) was launched, theJiangsu General Education Society (1905-1927) was one of the most activeand the most structured among the numerous associations born at that time. Ithas greatly taken advantage of the intellectual and material resources of theShanghai open port and dedicated itself to the implantation of the neweducational System in the province. It tried to remedy the inadequacies andcorruption of the state apparatus. It has expended a lot of effort for therécognition of the association rights and for their realization while increasingthe number of its local branches. With its intégration into the institutionalcoopération frame introduced in 1906-1907, it has lent an essential support tothe administration. In spite of countless obstacles, it has demonstrated thegreatest energy in developping and consolidating its network of local relays,and in sorting out the concrète problems the reform was giving rise to. Itarbitrated numerous conflicts, introduced new procédures and organizationalpractices. This laborious construction of the social body was about to resuit ina basic political reorganization, which the Yuan Shikai dictatorship brutallybrokeoff in 1914. ; Confrontée à l'intrusion occidentale et à la crise intérieure, la Chine du débutdu xxe siècle s'engage dans un processus de modernisation et connaîtd'importants changements dans les relations entre État et corps social. Crééeet développée après le lancement de la Nouvelle Politique gouvernementale(1901-1911), la Société Générale d'Éducation du Jiangsu (1905-1927) a été,parmi de nombreuses associations apparues à l'époque, l'une des plus activeset des plus structurées. Elle a largement profité des ressources intellectuelleset matérielles du port ouvert ...
Situated in the context of the Franco-Chinese cultural intercourse which happens in the Shanghai of the 20s and the 30s and in the Taiwan of the 50s and the 60s, this study aims to discuss the poetic quest — the quest of metamorphosis — to which some Chinese poets devote themselves by referring to symbolism or surrealism, a quest which takes place against a background of intellectual, ideological, and military conflits. These French literary schools are intimately linked with the fate of these poets at the mercy of the fate of their country. No matter how well they are equipped with symbolist or surrealist wings, they cannot escape from the reality of an age penetrated by politics. The historical and cultural background in question has to do with the frame of reference constituted by the six principal groups of writers reputed for their contributions to Franco-Chinese poetic intercourse : "Society of literary studies", "Creation", the school "New Moon", and the school "Modern" in Shanghai during the 20s and the 30s; "Modern School" and "Genesis" in Taiwan during the 50s and the 60s. They are all involved in politics. It is within this frame of reference that we approach the subject of the reception of symbolism in Shanghai and that of the reception of surrealism in Taiwan on the basis of a textual analysis. ; Cette étude se situe dans le contexte des échanges culturels franco-chinois qui se produisent à Shanghai pendant les années vingt et trente et à Taïwan pendant les années cinquante et soixante. Nous nous proposons d'interroger la quête poétique — la quête de la métamorphose — à laquelle s'adonnent, avec l'aide du symbolisme ou du surréalisme, des poètes chinois sur un fond de conflits intellectuels, idéologiques et militaires. Ces écoles françaises sont intimement liées au destin personnel de ces poètes qui se voient à la merci de celui de leur pays. Aussi munis des ailes symbolistes ou surréalistes, ils ne peuvent échapper à une réalité pénétrée par la politique. Le fond historique et culturel en question ...
This PhD thesis investigates the use of psychiatric care by Chinese migrants and their descendants in Paris. It draws on ethnographic surveys carried out from 2010 to 2014 both in the medical field – a dozen of medical services in French psychiatry public and private sectors -, and in the private sphere of Chinese families.The word « psychiatric » is used here in broad term, to describe all mental health care activities resorting to different psychiatric approaches such as psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychoanalytic care. In the public psychiatric sector, field survey has been facilitated by the specific position of the interviewer, being interviewer, mediator and sociologist at the same time. It made possible to investigate both sides of the therapeutic process: Immigrant Chinese families living in Paris and healthcare professionals, and this at the very moment of their interactions. For interviewees consulting in the private sector and liberal practitioners, individual or collective interviews (including research groups, meetings and conferences) helped to determine the patients' healthcare path and collect information structuring their therapeutic interaction.The ethnographic approach brings a new perspective of the logics to go for psychiatric care, without forgetting the links among the social uses of those cares, and the contexts of the Chinese immigration which influence the latter. This work reveals the daily life of migrants, but also the work of healthcare professionals in psychiatric institutions, behind the scenes. In the same way, the perception of the migrants and of the health professionals were captured and reinscribed into the economic, political, social and moral contexts of transnational migrations and of the migrants' mental healthcare system in the hosting society. Within these general contexts, the specificity of each path has been described. The ethnographic survey takes into account the diversity of subgroups of the "Chinese in Paris" population: intellectuals having immigrated in ...
International audience ; Faced to the Western intrusion and to the inner crisis, early 20th century Chinabecomes involved into a processus of modernization and expériences importantchanges in the relationship between the state and the social body. Created anddeveloped after the government New Policy (1901-1911) was launched, theJiangsu General Education Society (1905-1927) was one of the most activeand the most structured among the numerous associations born at that time. Ithas greatly taken advantage of the intellectual and material resources of theShanghai open port and dedicated itself to the implantation of the neweducational System in the province. It tried to remedy the inadequacies andcorruption of the state apparatus. It has expended a lot of effort for therécognition of the association rights and for their realization while increasingthe number of its local branches. With its intégration into the institutionalcoopération frame introduced in 1906-1907, it has lent an essential support tothe administration. In spite of countless obstacles, it has demonstrated thegreatest energy in developping and consolidating its network of local relays,and in sorting out the concrète problems the reform was giving rise to. Itarbitrated numerous conflicts, introduced new procédures and organizationalpractices. This laborious construction of the social body was about to resuit ina basic political reorganization, which the Yuan Shikai dictatorship brutallybrokeoff in 1914. ; Confrontée à l'intrusion occidentale et à la crise intérieure, la Chine du débutdu xxe siècle s'engage dans un processus de modernisation et connaîtd'importants changements dans les relations entre État et corps social. Crééeet développée après le lancement de la Nouvelle Politique gouvernementale(1901-1911), la Société Générale d'Éducation du Jiangsu (1905-1927) a été,parmi de nombreuses associations apparues à l'époque, l'une des plus activeset des plus structurées. Elle a largement profité des ressources intellectuelleset matérielles du port ouvert de Shanghai et s'est vouée à l'implantation dunouveau système d'enseignement dans la province, tout en s'employant àremédier aux carences et à la corruption de l'appareil d'État. Elle a déployé uneffort considérable pour faire accepter le principe du droit d'association et pouren concrétiser l'application par la multiplication de ses antennes locales.Intégrée dans le cadre institutionnel de coopération instauré en 1906-1907,elle a apporté un concours indispensable à l'administration. En dépitd'innombrables obstacles, la Société a manifesté la plus grande énergie dans ledéveloppement et la consolidation de son réseau de relais locaux et dans lerèglement des problèmes concrets posés par la réforme. Elle a arbitré denombreux conflits, introduit de nouvelles procédures et de nouvelles pratiquesorganisationnelles. Cette construction laborieuse du corps social allaitdéboucher sur une réorganisation politique de base, que la dictature de YuanShikai interrompit brutalement en 1914.
Situated in the context of the Franco-Chinese cultural intercourse which happens in the Shanghai of the 20s and the 30s and in the Taiwan of the 50s and the 60s, this study aims to discuss the poetic quest — the quest of metamorphosis — to which some Chinese poets devote themselves by referring to symbolism or surrealism, a quest which takes place against a background of intellectual, ideological, and military conflits. These French literary schools are intimately linked with the fate of these poets at the mercy of the fate of their country. No matter how well they are equipped with symbolist or surrealist wings, they cannot escape from the reality of an age penetrated by politics. The historical and cultural background in question has to do with the frame of reference constituted by the six principal groups of writers reputed for their contributions to Franco-Chinese poetic intercourse : "Society of literary studies", "Creation", the school "New Moon", and the school "Modern" in Shanghai during the 20s and the 30s; "Modern School" and "Genesis" in Taiwan during the 50s and the 60s. They are all involved in politics. It is within this frame of reference that we approach the subject of the reception of symbolism in Shanghai and that of the reception of surrealism in Taiwan on the basis of a textual analysis. ; Cette étude se situe dans le contexte des échanges culturels franco-chinois qui se produisent à Shanghai pendant les années vingt et trente et à Taïwan pendant les années cinquante et soixante. Nous nous proposons d'interroger la quête poétique — la quête de la métamorphose — à laquelle s'adonnent, avec l'aide du symbolisme ou du surréalisme, des poètes chinois sur un fond de conflits intellectuels, idéologiques et militaires. Ces écoles françaises sont intimement liées au destin personnel de ces poètes qui se voient à la merci de celui de leur pays. Aussi munis des ailes symbolistes ou surréalistes, ils ne peuvent échapper à une réalité pénétrée par la politique. Le fond historique et culturel en question renvoie à un cadre de référence structuré par les six principaux groupes d'écrivains qui contribuent à l'échange poétique franco-chinois et qui sont inévitablement impliqués dans la politique : la "Société d'études littéraires", "Création", l'école "Le croissant" et l'école "Moderne" à Shanghai durant les années vingt et trente ; l'"École moderne" et "Genèse" à Taïwan durant les années cinquante et soixante. C'est dans ce cadre que nous discutons, sur la base d'une analyse textuelle, de la réception du symbolisme à Shanghai et de celle du surréalisme à Taïwan.
The appropriation of transnational cultural flows that occurs as a result of globalization is studied here through adaptations of Western narratives in manga & anime. This "Other" is integrated by exacerbating some of its features: The West is presented in Japanese works as conveyor of an excessive, unjust & potentially dangerous world, as the manifestation of Cartesianism taken to the extreme. Japaneseness, which is then defined by opposition to this incorporated otherness, brings out a supposedly specifically Japanese sensitivity, thus perpetuating a long intellectual tradition that sees in the feeling of things the very essence of Japaneseness by contrast to the rational Chinese & Western mind. Episodes from the life of Joan of Arc & Athena's divine interventions for instance then take on new meaning, which serves to promote Japaneseness & the essential values it conveys, such as the importance of social harmony & the close interdependence among members of the community. Adapted from the source document.
On December 7th, 2007, the Chinese government decided to place traditional festivals on the national calendar. This event, which can be considered a textbook example of "inventing tradition", reinforced the position of those who believe that the Communist Party uses the past in the service of an aggressive foreign policy and to reinforce national unity, which has been jeopardized by the disappearance of socialist ideology. Yet "genealogical" analysis of the decision process reveals that a phenomenon of convergence of interests and representations was at work, bringing together various milieu: Hong Kong deputies, intellectuals, economists, folklorists and businessmen. It also shows the obstacles -- among others, managing the flows brought about by an increased number of holidays in such a heavily populated country -- that the government encountered before ratifying the proposal. Yet China is now also a society of leisure. Proof of this can be found in the popular enthusiasm with which the government's initiative was greeted, especially among the urban middle class, who can now profit from new vacation periods. Adapted from the source document.