Suchergebnisse

The aim of this research is to determine the presence of chlorpyrifos in two varieties of apples: Golden Delicious and Idaret on two different locations (Evla and Krveni) from Resen region in the country. Chlorpyrifos is organophosphate pesticide (insecticide) used to protect apples from insects which can cause significant damage in apple production. The apples are analyzed in four development phases and in each phase the presence of chlorpyrifos is determined. Chlorpiryfos analysis of the apples is performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by an extraction/separation cleansing with acetonitrile and the dispersive SPE - QuEChERS - method. The results are compared with the maximum residue levels (MRL) prescribed by the legislation of the Republic of Macedonia. The conclusion is that chlorpyrifos is variously represented in most phases, regardless of the phase and location where apple is grown. At certain phase the concentration exceedes MRL, however during the harvest, apples are safe to be consumed. Higher presence of chlorpyrifos is found in Idaret apples at Kriveni location compared to Evla. Тhe presence of chlorpyrifos in Golden Delicious is almost equally in both locations. From the statistical analysis of the data it is noticeable that the use of chlorpyrifos doesn't depends on the (type) variety of apple but rater of the location where the apple is grown. Keywords: chlorpyrifos, pesticides, apples, Golden Delicious, Idaret

In this work the effect of chlorpyrifos exposure on metabolic profiles of zebrafish muscle was evaluated by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Different chemometric tools based on the selection of Regions of Interest and on Multivariate Curve-Resolution-Alternating Least Squares are proposed for the analysis of the complex data sets generated in the different exposure experiments. Analysis of Variance Simultaneous Component Analysis of changes on metabolite peak profile areas showed significant chlorpyrifos concentration and exposure time-dependent changes, clearly differentiating between exposed and non-exposed samples and between short (2 h) and long exposure times (6 h or 24 h). The changes observed in the concentrations of 50 muscle metabolites are indicative of induction of oxidative stress, of a general disruption of neurotransmitter metabolism, and of muscle exhaustion. These three effects are intimately related to the toxicity of chlorpyrifos. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under European Union's Seven Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n.320737. ; Peer reviewed

Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, including chlorpyrifos (CPF), can alter metabolic hemostasis. The current systematic study investigated blood glucose, lipid profiles, and body weight alterations in rodents and fish exposed to CPF. The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines, querying online databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus and also search engine including Google Scholar, through January 2021. Studies on rodent and fish exposed to CPF assessing metabolic functions were selected. All studies were in the English language, with other languages being excluded from the review. Two investigators independently assessed each of the articles. The first author's name, publication date, animal model, age, sample size, gender, dose, duration, and route of exposure and outcomes were extracted from each publication. The present review summarizes findings from 61 publications on glycemic, lipid profile, insulin, and body weight changes in rodents and fish exposed to CPF exposure. Most of the studies reported hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and decreased insulin levels and body weight following exposure to CPF. Additionally, we confirmed that the CPF-induced metabolic alterations were both dose- and time-dependent. Our findings support an association between CPF exposure and metabolic diseases. However, more studies are needed to identify the metabolic-disrupting effects of CPF and their underlying mechanisms.

Ecotoxicology; Environmental Management; Waste Management/Waste Technology; Chlorpyrifos; Terrestrial systems; Aquatic systems; Ecological risk assessment

Chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichlor-2-pyridyl)-phosphorothioate) is a white cristalline organophosphates with a broad-spectrum of insecticide effects. Chlorpyrifos is acrid and poor water soluble compound. In agriculture it is used for the treatment of infected leaves and the fruit as well as beet, maize, cereals, pepper, cucumbers and potatoes. It is effective for the destruction of mosquitoes, cockroaches, caterpillars, fleas, ants and other insects. Applying to the affected crops, chlorpyrifos gradually gets into the soil and sticks tightly to soil particles. Due to low water solubility of chlorpyrifos the groundwater pollution occurs only rarely. Chlorpyrifos is slightly toxic to rabbits, rats and mice and highly toxic to chickens, amphibians and fish. Several studies have shown that people respond to exposure to chlorpyrifos significantly more sensitive than e.g. rats or mice. In small doses, chlorpyrifos causes headache, blurred vision, watery eyes, dry mouth, dizziness, weakness, nausea, and so on. Recent studies have shown that chlorpyrifos can cause cancer in humans. Maximum residue limits for chlorpyrifos in foodstuff are set by legislation. The RA will cover the whole food area. ; SK; sk; efsa.focalpoint@land.gov.sk