Suchergebnisse

"Um erfolgreich zu sein, brauchen soziale Bewegungen ein Credo, das Eigenschaften, Ursachen und mögliche Lösungen eines sozialen Problems so popularisiert, dass potentielle Anhänger und Unterstützer motiviert sind, sich in vielfältigen Formen zu engagieren. In dem Vortrag werden die Verfasser argumentieren, dass es den deutschen Umweltschutzbewegungen in den verschiedenen Zeitepochen bisher nicht gelungen ist ein anziehendes Gesellschaftsmodell zu entwickeln, in dem die 'Stadt' bzw. urbane Lebensformen einen positiven Beitrag zur Qualität der Umwelt leisten können. Dies ist immer ein Kernmangel der Bewegung gewesen und bleibt es vermutlich auch in Zukunft. Dieses Manko ist tief verwurzelt in der Geschichte der deutschen Umweltbewegungen. Der Vortrag wird Grundzüge dieser spezifischen Vorkriegsgeschichte der Stadtfeindlichkeit darstellen. Desgleichen werden die neue Umweltbewegung der 70er und 80er Jahren analysiert. Erst jetzt wurde hier die Stadt in eine umfassende gegenkulturelle Theorie von Umweltproblemen und -lösungen einbezogen. Die Stadt und ihre Industrien allerdings wurden auch in diesen Konzepten lediglich als Verursacher der Probleme betrachtet. Einige der von der Umweltbewegung geförderten Maßnahmen konnten durchgesetzt werden, aber die Hiobsbotschaften auf das eigene Auto und das eigene Haus im Grünen zu verzichten, wie auf den Konsum, waren nicht umzusetzen. Obwohl die Umweltorganisationen heute auch weiterhin viele Unterstützer haben und sich eines gewissen Wachstums erfreuen können, haben sie ihre Strategien insofern geändert, dass jetzt der Naturschutz in Deutschland und in den Entwicklungsländern in den Vordergrund gestellt wird. Im Kampf gegen den Stadtverkehr und Landschaftszersiedlung werden nur noch Rückzugsgefechte betrieben und eine grundsätzliche Kritik der städtischen Konsumgesellschaft wird nicht mehr propagiert. Gleichwohl könnten diese neuen Konzepte zur nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung ironischerweise die Eckpfeiler eines positiven Konzepts von Stadt und Umwelt begründen, dies allerdings, angesichts des wirtschaftspolitischen Klimas, mit bisher wenig Resonanz in Politik und in der Bevölkerung." (Autorenreferat)

Garden City Mega City is a timely and challenging book for anyone concerned by the global consequences of the unsustainable growth of those cities. City planning and architecture are no longer the preserve of specialists, as the biggest decisions must be made by the community at large. Only two percent of the planet's land area is urbanised, but that two percent consumes eighty percent of our energy. The fossil fuelled energy consumption of our cities is destroying the planet. Garden City Mega City illustrates the depressing realities of life in the mega cities, and documents the ill advised planning decisions that created such blighted environments. But Garden City Mega City also proposes a way to escape what now appears to be an inevitable fate, one of terminal dysfunction. The mega cities have been re imagined as 21st century garden cities...dense and vertical, yet sociable and sustainable. The fundamental strategies and principles of these new garden cities are explained and illustrated, as are WOHA's large scale prototypes, many of which have already been built. The Self Sufficient City, the ultimate 21st century city, is presented in detail. Garden City Mega City includes a Rating Cities set of measurements, which can be used to assess the social and ecological value of urban developments

The terms city-region and city-regionalism are today widely used by urban managers, planners, representatives of businesses associations and international organizations, real estate and property developers and state officials and politicians. These terms disclose the complex intertwining of contemporary urbanization, world economy and world politics. In this chapter we first review the economic geographical literature on city-regionalism. Secondly, we interrogate city regionalism as a set of political-administrative and/or geopolitical processes in more detail. We suggest that city-regions should not be understood as discrete spatial units that operate as "agents" or "actor-scales" in themselves. Nor should city-regions be considered as passive backdrops on which economy, politics or social reproduction simply happen. Rather city-regions may be conceptualized as dynamic sites of policy experimentation and political struggle, which are produced from various political processes operating within and around the national state and its institutions. ; Peer reviewed

The use in the cities of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) has increased, due to the political and economical control, that has favored their development. This new type of city (system) holds different names: Digital City and Smart City. The Smart City is a self-sustaining city. In the most innovative-technological dimension, there are included the factors for sustainable development. The Smart City uses the ICT, with the purpose of providing an infrastructure, that can guarantee: a sustainable development, an better life quality for its population, a higher efficiency when using the resources that are available and, a more active participation of the citizens. The focus of Smart City, is more popular among projects that imply transformation for this kind of cities. However, in researches that measure and classify some of the smart cities, there have been presented ideal models, where the main characteristics are based in the subsystems of these cities. The factor that allows establishing the level of intelligence that a city has achieved, is the analysis of a real city and then, comparing it to the features of a Smart City. This measurement model, can be adopted by the municipal government of the city, in order to carry out special improvement activities in their development plans. The case in this paper is the city of Manizales, which is considered to be the ICT city of Colombia. It was labeled as a Smart City by the adoption of intensive systems in ICT. Nevertheless, and according to a recent study in FEDESARROLLO, Manizales has the lowest usage rate of ICT in Colombia, based on the different components of urban intelligence. Therefore, this label is not based in a measurement that comprises all of the factors that define this type of cities. The project that is presented in this paper aims to set an assessment model, in order to measure the intelligence of Manizales as a Smart City. This paper is the final paper for graduation, in the Masters Program of Information Systems Management (Major).

Despite the significant contributions of cities to our nation's economy and the everyday life of most Americans, local government leaders are faced with significant constraints on their ability to lead and govern. This article presents a novel framework of constraints facing city leadership focused on legal (what they are allowed to do), fiscal (what they have resources to do), and political constraints (what they want to do). A model is constructed to analyze the impact of these constraints on local action regarding minimum wage and hypothesize that greater constraints will result in less policy action within cities. Using multivariate regression, the authors find that political constraints and economic factors are the most significant determinants of whether a city pursues policy leadership.

"The concept of a livable smart city presented in this book highlights the relevance of the functionality and integrated resilience of viable cities of the future. It critically examines the progressive digitalization that is taking place and identifies the revolutionized energy sector as the basis of urban life. The concept is based on people and their natural environment, resulting in a broader definition of sustainability and an expanded product theory. Smart City 2.0 offers its residents many opportunities and is an attractive future market for innovative products and services. However, it presents numerous challenges for stakeholders and product developers"--Provided by publisher