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As a result of a half century of urban sprawl and the neglect of city centres, many Western cities are judged to be obsolete and inefficient, while in the Global South, megacities are multiplying and constantly expanding. These two phenomena give rise to city-scale projects whose relation to urban models and whose utopian content we question in this dissertation.Based on these two concepts dating from the origins of debates about the ideal city, this research explores the current production of future urban worlds by studying cities that are thought about, theorised and under construction in the 21st century. We formulate the concept of 'city project' to address novel aspects of contemporary planning processes for the transformation or creation of entire cities. These processes are part of governments' agendas and articulate representations of the ideal city and society in the mid- to longterm perspectives. Two types can be identified: ex nihilo city projects, which concern projects for the creation of entirely new urban entities, mainly located in the Global South where urbanisation is rapidly increasing; and projects for transforming existing cities, which mainly concern the cities of the North where the urbanisation process is slowing down.A literature review situates the contemporary context in relation to five centuries of ideological and scientific debates on the ideal city and society as well as on the ways of designing and achieving them. We trace a history of studies and theories on the city and its production up to contemporary urbanism, understood through the logics of economic competition and the challenges of sustainable development, in the context of public policy neoliberalisation.Case studies of eight city projects reveal the geographical diversity of the subject on an international scale. We combine a systematic literature review with a survey of semi-structured interviews and observations. The cases include four ex nihilo city projects: Xixian New Area (China), Amaravati (India), Masdar City ...

Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Poverty, Inequality and Urban Infrastructure -- Chapter 1: Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Paradigm to Smart Cities -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Definition -- 1.3 Urbanization and Municipal Solid Waste -- 1.4 Management of Municipal Solid Waste -- 1.5 Introduction of Study Area -- 1.5.1 Jaipur and Its Population Growth -- 1.6 Existing Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Jaipur City -- 1.6.1 Waste Segregation -- 1.6.2 Waste Storage and Collection -- 1.6.3 Waste Transportation -- 1.6.4 Disposal of Waste -- 1.7 Results and Findings of the Major Problems Related to MSWM -- 1.8 Discussions -- 1.9 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Urban Poverty: Trends, Assessment, and Inclusive Planning as a Solution -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Global Poverty Trends -- 2.3 Indian Trend -- 2.4 Causes of Urban Poverty -- 2.5 Characteristics of Urban Poor -- 2.6 Programs and Schemes for Urban Poverty Alleviation -- 2.7 Strategies for Urban Poverty Reduction -- 2.8 Inclusive Planning -- 2.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Influence of Changing Real Estate Scenarios on Affordable Housing in India -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Phases of Residential Real Estate -- 3.2.1 Scenario A: Before Crisis -- 3.2.2 Scenario B: During Crisis -- 3.2.3 Scenario C: After Crisis (Present and Future) -- 3.2.3.1 Growth in Market Size and Potentials -- 3.3 Driving and Limiting Factors -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Market Situation of Unauthorized Colonies in East Delhi: A Case Study of Guru Ram Dass Nagar -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Guru Ram Dass Nagar -- 4.2.1 Facts About the Study Area -- 4.2.2 Existing Layout of the Study Area -- 4.2.3 Plot Sizes and Building Heights -- 4.2.4 Street Section: Then and Now -- 4.2.5 Violation of Norms -- 4.3 Real Estate Scenario in the Colony

A Chain of Words as an Introduction: Human Dignity, Language, Identity, Citizenship, Values, Human Capital and Urban Spaces -- Environmental, Social and Inter-Generational Justice at Territorial level: the Contribution of Planning Evaluation and Multicriteria Decision Theory -- In the Name of Antigone: Migrants and Human Rights in Contemporary Urban Spaces -- Populism and Immigration: (Re)Inventing Identities through Language -- The Approach of Ethnopsychology in the Encounter with the Other -- Axiology of Human Capital. The Dignity of the Other -- Identity and Value of Public Space: Multifaceted and Multicultural Points of View -- Migrations, Populisms and Emergencies: A Sicilian Case Study -- How Does Immigration Affect the Housing Market? Evidence from Italy -- The Conditions of Accessibility to Housing for Foreign Citizens: The Case of Genoa -- Market Values and Socio-economic Mixité in Palermo. The Role of Migrants in the Commercial Real Estate Market -- Real Estate Market Latent Variables and the Multiculturalism in Turin -- Social Variables and Real Estate Values: The Case Study of the City of Cosenza -- Real Estate Market and Migrants' Flows to Small Towns: Empirical Evidence from Sales and Rent Prices Analysis -- Marbella: from a Luxury Tourist Destination to Socio-Spatial Segregation.

9. Building High-Performance Organizations10. Real Estate: Developing Physical Capital; 11. Financial Capital: Business Development and Financial Infrastructure; 12. Lobbying and Advocacy; Part IV: Putting It All Together; 13. Expanding Social and Political Capital; 14. Special Challenges in Community Development: Racism and Regionalism; 15. Community Building: A New Synthesis; 16. Conclusion; Appendix I: Anymidwest City Exercise; References; Index.

Maraknya pedagang kaki lima yang memadati lingkungan kota dengan menggelar dagangannya diruas jalan maupun ruang publik lainnya dirasa tidak sesuai dengan sistem penataan kota. Keadaan demikian mendesak Pemerintah Kota Bandung untuk menata PKL tersebut dengan membentuk suatu Peraturan Daerah Kota Bandung Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 Tentang Penataan dan Pembinaan Pedagang Kaki Lima. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah model zonanisasi penataan PKL dikota, bedampak positif terhadap kejesahteraan PKL. dan apa saja hambatan yang dihadapi pemkot kota bandung dalam model zonanisasi penataan PKL di kota Bandung. Hasil dan pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah model zonanisasi dalam penataan PKL sangat berdampak positif terhadap kesejahteraan PKL. Kemudian ada 2 faktor hambatan yang dihadapi oleh pemkot bandung khususnya Satpol PP dalam penataan PKL yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal Pemkot Bandung harus bisa meningkatkan kembali penataan keseluruh PKL yang ada di kota bandung. Kemudian perlunya pemkot menyediakan sarana dan prasarana yang lebih memadai dan terus memberikan sosialisai kepada seluruh PKL yang ada di kota Bandung tentang perda nomor 4 tahun 2011 tentang penataan dan pembinaan PKL.The rise of street vendors who crowded city environments with hold merchandise diruas roads and other public spaces are found to be in accordance with the city planning system. Thus the state of Bandung City Government urged to organize the street vendors to establish a Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2011 Bandung About Management and Development street vendors. Issues examined in this study is whether the model zonanisasi arrangement of street vendors in the city, bedampak positively to kejesahteraan PKL. and what are the barriers faced by local government in the city of Bandung zonanisasi structuring models of street vendors in the city. Results and discussion of this study is a model in structuring PKL zonanisasi very positive impact on the welfare of street vendors. Then there are two factors barriers faced by local government, especially municipal police duo in the arrangement of street vendors ie internal factors and external factors Bandung municipal government should be able to increase the re-arrangement of existing street vendors throughout the city of Bandung. Then the need for local government to provide facilities and infrastructure more adequate and continues to provide socialization to all street vendors in the city of Bandung on regulation No. 4 of 2011 on the structuring and formation of street vendors.

AbstractThis article examines coastal urban planning in Costa Rica vis‐à‐vis the country's values in the areas of sustainable tourism and community development, focusing on the city of Jacó. I argue that an anti‐urban tourism development strategy, swift coastal urban development and weak planning have nurtured a nature–infrastructure paradox: when people are brought closer to nature without proper urban and governmental infrastructure, this causes social and environmental damage. To assess this paradox and understand local perceptions of development, I analyzed lengthy semi‐structured interviews and survey responses in San José and Jacó in this study. Research methods also encompassed analysis of current tourism planning institutions and regulations, tourism media coverage and reports, real estate data, participant observation of planning and community meetings and activities, and observations of the built and natural environmental conditions in Jacó and its surroundings. The findings show jurisdictional fragmentation, regulatory weaknesses, complexity, poor coordination, slow action, and incoherent planning and development, leading to environmental degradation and socio‐spatial inequities. A more balanced approach to planning and development would seek to improve environmental health and socio‐spatial equity in tandem, by nurturing and advancing both nature and infrastructure development. Lessons from Jacó have global resonance, given the expansion of the worldwide tourism and second‐home/retirement‐housing industries, their recent concentration in urban coastal destinations of developing countries, and the fragility of these socio‐ecological systems.

Mumbai is the financial capital of India and one of the world's most densely populated cities. Its existing public transport infrastructure is outdated, overutilized, and under tremendous stress. This book discusses the paradigm shift and benefits that the Mumbai Metro can bring in the public transportation scenario for millions of people in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The metro will provide equal access for all to a modern, comfortable, and high-quality daily commuting transport option. It will feature safety designs (especially for the vulnerable sectors), ease traffic congestion, and reduce vehicular emissions, thereby contributing toward making Mumbai a more equitable, safer, and cleaner city.

Discusses the concept of subsidiarity in government in the modern world and types of action taken at different levels, both nationally and internationally; Switzerland, chiefly. Papers presented at a seminar organized in connection with the Congrès des Sciences Sociales Suisses, held in Bern, Switzerland, Oct. 11-14, 1995. Text in French and German; summaries in English, French, and German. Topics include protection of Swiss wetlands, social welfare programs of Swiss towns, participation of the local population in urban planning in France, reform of Swiss fiscal federalism, development of federalism in the US, Swiss clean air policies, and subsidiarity in the European Union. Parallel title: Subsidiäres Staatshandeln.

Cities that have gone through the long period of integration in the ex‐Soviet Union naturally incorporated a set of principles that are now under pressure. It's in this context that we review the central question of the relationship between river and city.Tbilisi, Georgia, is representative of the challenges faced by cities that experienced the fast transition from state‐controlled to open‐market economies. Territorial planning, as a single system of state spatial planning, is presently still highly unstructured and has very little practical influence, with several urban planning decisions being made with little regard for formal urban planning agencies. One of the key issues in the capital city, Tbilisi, is the lack of green/recreational zones, which is also expressed in the loss of public space along the urban riverfront.Undermanaged growth of post‐Soviet city, expiration of the term of the last general plan, and disregard for historical traditions of city planning resulted in an abnormal and complex problem of interplay between Tbilisi and River Kura. The river has been, in the last few decades, striped of its architectural planning significance.Interrelation between Tbilisi city and the River Kura constitutes a complex and challenging urban problem but their transformation is related also with political aims. Kura, as an essential active element of the landscape, is being used to influence the city's planning character and as political instrument.This presentation highlights, through an overview of some relevant examples from Tbilisi of planning and design, how the interface zones between river and surrounding plots of land have been transformed to increase urban–river connectivity. Yet, this transformation also results in the emergence of urban projects that symbolize more political and economic powers that the aspiration of the people to appropriate public spaces.

La riorganizzazione del sistema della mobilità è spesso una delle chiavi interpretative più rilevanti nelle scelte di governo delle trasformazioni urbane. Nella gran parte degli interventi di trasformazione urbana orientati alla riqualificazione della città il ruolo delle scelte connesse al sistema della mobilità è sempre più incidente anche per la definizione del disegno urbano delle aree di trasformazione, ma soprattutto per migliorare l'efficienza e la vivibilità del sistema urbano. Il ruolo della pianificazione del sistema della mobilità rappresenta l'oggetto di questo lavoro. In particolare, l'articolo si sofferma su alcuni piani urbanistici di recente produzione elaborati per città italiane di grandi dimensioni (Roma, Bologna, Milano) per i quali la pianificazione del sistema della mobilità ha costituito l'occasione per rilanciare una nuova visione della città. Gli esempi riportati in questo articolo rappresentano il tentativo di mostrare come, in qualche misura, la pratica urbanistica stia rispondendo alla necessità di integrare obiettivi di sviluppo urbano ed esigenze della pianificazione dei trasporti orientandoli verso obiettivi comuni tesi al raggiungimento di una maggiore vivibilità. ; The issue of the relation between transport and land use has been extensively debated, particularly during the last decades. The need for an integration of these two planning sectors is widely acknowledged even though this integration is still difficult to occur. Italy, as usually, seem to be very late as concerns urban and transport planning integration. As a matter of fact, Italian town planner are still engaged in affirming a "new urban plan" able to keep up with urban and territorial transformation process. This is why there is not yet a unique national law for urban and regional planning. Nevertheless, it is possible to find some examples in urban planning practices aimed at implementing integration between urban needs and transport development. This article try to point out how planning of mobility system has a central role in some recent master plan even though integration is still long to come. The case of Rome has been considered because of the historical context in which it has been carried out. Master Plan has been adopted only in 2008 after about ten years of debate and discussion. But this is not what this article intends to analyze. The case of Master Plan of Rome is probably the main "theoretical" example of integrating urban development and transport planning. It is theoretical because at present, despite some years have passed since its processing, car is still the most used mean for urban travel. The second case examined refers to Master Plan of Bologna. This has been grounded on a strategic approach leading to "seven different cities". These visions have been all aimed at implementing soft mobility as mean of urban requalification. The last case refers to Milan and its Urban Government Plan recently proposed to the local administration adoption. This consists of three integrated documents (Document Plan, Plan Rules and Plan of Services) and defines the future asset of the city. This Master Plan is not yet in force but it has been considered relevant for this article goals. Large part of the Document Plan has been built on the idea of converting the original radial asset of the city. The mobility system planning refers to four different urban areas (north, south, east, west) and it is strictly connected to the Transformations Areas of the Master Plan. This Plan outlines an ambitious project of urban development mostly based on mobility system transformation. At present, there is no evidence on the success or failure of this project that is still in debate, anyway it represents an up-to-date case in Italian panorama of town planning. Finally, something are happening in Italian town planning, but it is still more theoretical than practice. The awareness that an effective integration requires new areas of interdisciplinary competencies, innovative practices and tools, is still weak. It asks for a collaborative government model and cooperative polices able to affect decision making process.

The issue of the relation between transport and land use has been extensively debated, particularly during the last decades. The need for an integration of these two planning sectors is widely acknowledged even though this integration is still difficult to occur. Italy, as usually, seem to be very late as concerns urban and transport planning integration. As a matter of fact, Italian town planner are still engaged in affirming a "new urban plan" able to keep up with urban and territorial transformation process. This is why there is not yet a unique national law for urban and regional planning. Nevertheless, it is possible to find some examples in urban planning practices aimed at implementing integration between urban needs and transport development. This article try to point out how planning of mobility system has a central role in some recent master plan even though integration is still long to come. The case of Rome has been considered because of the historical context in which it has been carried out. Master Plan has been adopted only in 2008 after about ten years of debate and discussion. But this is not what this article intends to analyze. The case of Master Plan of Rome is probably the main "theoretical" example of integrating urban development and transport planning. It is theoretical because at present, despite some years have passed since its processing, car is still the most used mean for urban travel. The second case examined refers to Master Plan of Bologna. This has been grounded on a strategic approach leading to "seven different cities". These visions have been all aimed at implementing soft mobility as mean of urban requalification. The last case refers to Milan and its Urban Government Plan recently proposed to the local administration adoption. This consists of three integrated documents (Document Plan, Plan Rules and Plan of Services) and defines the future asset of the city. This Master Plan is not yet in force but it has been considered relevant for this article goals. Large part of the Document Plan has been built on the idea of converting the original radial asset of the city. The mobility system planning refers to four different urban areas (north, south, east, west) and it is strictly connected to the Transformations Areas of the Master Plan. This Plan outlines an ambitious project of urban development mostly based on mobility system transformation. At present, there is no evidence on the success or failure of this project that is still in debate, anyway it represents an up-to-date case in Italian panorama of town planning. Finally, something are happening in Italian town planning, but it is still more theoretical than practice. The awareness that an effective integration requires new areas of interdisciplinary competencies, innovative practices and tools, is still weak. It asks for a collaborative government model and cooperative polices able to affect decision making process. ; La riorganizzazione del sistema della mobilità è spesso una delle chiavi interpretative più rilevanti nelle scelte di governo delle trasformazioni urbane. Nella gran parte degli interventi di trasformazione urbana orientati alla riqualificazione della città il ruolo delle scelte connesse al sistema della mobilità è sempre più incidente anche per la definizione del disegno urbano delle aree di trasformazione, ma soprattutto per migliorare l'efficienza e la vivibilità del sistema urbano. Il ruolo della pianificazione del sistema della mobilità rappresenta l'oggetto di questo lavoro. In particolare, l'articolo si sofferma su alcuni piani urbanistici di recente produzione elaborati per città italiane di grandi dimensioni (Roma, Bologna, Milano) per i quali la pianificazione del sistema della mobilità ha costituito l'occasione per rilanciare una nuova visione della città. Gli esempi riportati in questo articolo rappresentano il tentativo di mostrare come, in qualche misura, la pratica urbanistica stia rispondendo alla necessità di integrare obiettivi di sviluppo urbano ed esigenze della pianificazione dei trasporti orientandoli verso obiettivi comuni tesi al raggiungimento di una maggiore vivibilità.

AbstractIn 1956 is created in Spain an urban-legal framework in line with a developing country. Due to the socio-economic circumstances of the time, the historical legislator sought to break with the existing urban projects under the previous regulations, that resulted in building short-term interventions producing negative results by allowing certain populations to grow in an excessive way at the expense of rural land. But as the explanatory statement designates: "the benefit that can be obtained by transforming the rural land into solar is perfectly lawful, wherever the owner who has paid the urbanization determinant of that improvement and subsequent increase in value". In exchange for the distribution of capital gains generated by the transformation of the rustic soil into urban, individuals become responsible of urbanization costs, releasing to the public administrations of the great financial burden involved. In 1978 the Spanish Constitution in its article 47.2, welcomes this system allowing and promoting its development through regional legislation. This report raises the problem of a system that by relying on the surplus value of the land has resulted in the inevitable increase in value of it selves, and therefore, the generation of real estate crisis that make shake the general economic stability. Seventy years after its implementation, Spain is one of the most developed countries in the world, with a strong economy that allows the construction of a city through public resources. This article outlines a way of solution for the transformation of the legal framework, leaving for future research, more concrete and studied proposals.ResumenEn el año 1956 se crea en España un marco jurídico-urbanístico acorde con un país en vías de desarrollo. Dadas las circunstancias socio-económicas, el legislador histórico pretendió romper con las actuaciones urbanísticas existentes al amparo de la normativa anterior que dio lugar a intervenciones en materia de edificación a corto plazo, produciendo resultados negativos al permitirse que determinadas poblaciones crecieran de manera desmesurada a costa de suelos rústicos. Si bien y como la propia Exposición de Motivos señala: "el beneficio que puede obtenerse de transformar el terreno rústico en solar es perfectamente lícito, siempre que sea el propietario quien haya costeado la urbanización determinante de aquella mejora y subsiguiente incremento de valor". A cambio del reparto de las plusvalías generadas por la transformación del suelo de rústico a urbano, los particulares se hacen cargo de los costes de urbanización, liberando a las administraciones públicas de la gran carga económica que ello supone. En 1978 la Constitución Española, en su articulo 47.2, acoge este sistema permitiendo e impulsando su desarrollo a través de la legislación autonómica. En este trabajo se plantea el problema de un sistema que al basarse en la plusvalía de los terrenos, tiene como consecuencia el inevitable aumento de valor de los mismos, y por ende, la generación de crisis inmobiliarias que hacen tambalear la estabilidad económica general. Setenta años después de su implantación, España es uno de los países más desarrollados de mundo, con una fuerte economía que permite realizar la construcción de ciudad a través de recursos públicos. En el presente artículo se esboza un camino de solución para la transformación del marco jurídico, dejando para futuras investigaciones, propuestas más concretas y estudiadas.

1. Introduction / Christoph Brumann, Christian Dimmer and Evelyn Schulz -- 2. Urbanisation, city and city system in Japan between development and shrinking : coping with shrinking cities in times of demographic change / Winfried Fluchter -- 3. The colonial appropriation of public space : architecture and city planning in Japanese-dominated Manchuria / Anke Scherer -- 4. Re-uniting a divided city : high-rises, conflict and urban space in central Kyoto / Christoph Brumann -- 5. Re-imagining public space : the vicissitudes of Japan's privately owned public spaces / Christian Dimmer -- 6. Citizen participation and urban development in Japan and Germany : issues and problems / Carolin Funck, Tsutomu Kawada and Yoshimichi Yui -- 7. Indifferent communities : neighbourhood associations, class and community consciousness in pre-war Tokyo / Katja Schmidtpott -- 8. Who cares about the past in today's Tokyo? / Paul Waley -- 10. Walking the city : spatial and temporal configurations of the urban spectator in writings on Tokyo / Evelyn Schulz -- 11. Shrinking cities and liveability in Japan : emerging relationships and challenges / Andre Sorensen.

Waste management is very important to achieve a clean and healthy environmental quality, thus waste must be managed as well as possible by implementing established planning and regulations so that things that are negative for life do not happen. Reuse accompanied by reduced usage is an effective step to overcome existing problems and the lifestyle of the community must be changed with existing waste to be processed into something of value, therefore the government has created innovations in overcoming waste problems, namely using environmentally friendly technology or PLTSa Garbage power plant). The purpose of this research is to describe, know and analyze the effectiveness of waste management as a source of electrical energy in TPA Benowo, Surabaya. This research is a form of research conducted with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews, observation and documentation to obtain information related to environmentally friendly technological innovations. The results show that the effectiveness of waste management as a source of electrical energy in TPA Benowo, Surabaya city is effective and is running according to existing regulations by measuring indicators from Riant Nugroho's theory so that with Appropriate the effectiveness of established policies can turn waste into useful goods. with environmentally friendly technology.

The purpose of this study was (1) to identify visitors behaviors in and perceptions of linear parks, (2) to identify social media users behaviors in and perceptions of linear parks, and (3) to compare small data with big data. This chapter discusses the main findings and their implications for practitioners such as landscape architects and urban planners. It has three sections. The first addresses the main findings in the order of the research questions at the center of the study. The second describes implications and recommendations for practitioners. The final section discusses the limitations of the study and suggests directions for future work. This study compares two methods of data collection, focused on activities and benefits. The survey asked respondents to check all the activities they did in the park. Social media users activities were detected by term frequency in social media data. Both results ordered the activities similarly. For example social interaction and art viewing were most popular on the High Line, then the 606, then the High Bridge according to both methods. Both methods also reported that High Line visitors engaged in viewing from overlooks the most. As for benefits, according to both methods vistors to the 606 were more satisfied than High Line visitors with the parks social and natural benefits. These results suggest social media analytics can replace surveys when the textual information is sufficient for analysis. Social media analytics also differ from surveys in accuracy of results. For example, social media revealed that 606 users were interested in events and worried about housing prices and crimes, but the pre-designed survey could not capture those facts. Social media analytics can also catch hidden and more general information: through cluster analysis, we found possible reasons for the High Lines success in the arts and in the New York City itself. These results involve general information that would be hard to identify through a survey. On the other hand, surveys provide specific information and can describe visitors demographics, motivations, travel information, and specific benefits. For example, 606 users tend to be young, high-income, well educated, white, and female. These data cannot be collected through social media. ; Doctor of Philosophy ; Turning unused infrastructure into green infrastructure, such as linear parks, is not a new approach to managing brownfields. In the last few decades, changes in the industrial structure and the development of transportation have had a profound effect on urban spatial structure. As the need for infrastructure, which played an important role in the development of past industry, has decreased, many industrial sites, power plants, and military bases have become unused. This study identifies new ways of collecting information about a new type of park, linear parks, using a new method, social media analytics. The results are then compared with survey results to establish the credibility of social media analytics. Lastly, shortcomings of social media analytics are identified. This study is meaningful in helping us understand the users of new types of parks and suggesting design and planning strategies. Regarding methodology, this study also involves evaluating the use of social media analytics and its advantages, disadvantages, and reliability.