Suchergebnisse

An increasingly popular tendency can be observed in numerous states in Europe and globally, where modern forms of casting votes are implemented, including, first and foremost, electronic voting via the Internet or mobile telephones. In the opinion of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) advocates modern civilization is facing an era of electronic democracy, which constitutes this new form of exercising power, based on information and communication tools. Estonia is a European leader in applying electronic voting for election procedures. The paper presents an analysis of Estonia's experience in the field of e-voting in the elections of 2005–2009. ; An increasingly popular tendency can be observed in numerous states in Europe and globally, where modern forms of casting votes are implemented, including, first and foremost, electronic voting via the Internet or mobile telephones. In the opinion of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) advocates modern civilization is facing an era of electronic democracy, which constitutes this new form of exercising power, based on information and communication tools. Estonia is a European leader in applying electronic voting for election procedures. The paper presents an analysis of Estonia's experience in the field of e-voting in the elections of 2005–2009.

The object of research is the trust problem in the relations of the East and the West. The author in detail analyzes the phenomenon of trust, its principles and distinctive signs. Special attention is paid to conditions of formation of trust as on micro (between individuals) and at the macro level (between societies). The author connects the trust problem with a categorization "friend-or-foe", considered in the civilization aspect of the subject. Thus, the author in the research used the case study method and content analysis. The novelty of research consists in approach to understanding intensity between civilizations of the East and the West through a problem of the possibility of confidential relations between them. The author comes to a conclusion that in the modern international relations there is a paradoxical situation: the trust measure between the countries decreases, in volume time as it is possible to cope with new calls and threats only through consolidation of the world community on the basis of mutual trust.

The object of research is the trust problem in the relations of the East and the West. The author in detail analyzes the phenomenon of trust, its principles and distinctive signs. Special attention is paid to conditions of formation of trust as on micro (between individuals) and at the macro level (between societies). The author connects the trust problem with a categorization "friend-or-foe", considered in the civilization aspect of the subject. Thus, the author in the research used the case study method and content analysis. The novelty of research consists in approach to understanding intensity between civilizations of the East and the West through a problem of the possibility of confidential relations between them. The author comes to a conclusion that in the modern international relations there is a paradoxical situation: the trust measure between the countries decreases, in volume time as it is possible to cope with new calls and threats only through consolidation of the world community on the basis of mutual trust.

The article discusses the relationship between the occurrence of international conflicts and the desire of states to implement their own geopolitical interests. The key factor in the emergence of conflicts is the concept of an inter-civilization clash by Samuel Huntington, where the role of states in the formation of the international system is the trigger for decision-making. The author states that in modern conditions Russia defends its interests, which should not be perceived by other actors of international relations as a threat, but as competition.

One of the fields of interest of modern political science involves the process of transformation of political systems, understood as the transition from nondemocratic to democratic systems. One of the countries undergoing such a political transformation is the Russian Federation, which in the nineteen-nineties faced the need to reject the model of the socio-political system of the Soviet Union, and to adjust to the emerging global civilization dominated by the models originating in West European countries. The paper emphasizes that, on account of the difficulties related to the process of political transformation, at the beginning of the new millennium West European models began to be supplanted by the models of Asian countries enjoying impressive economic growth while maintaining paternalist and authoritarian mechanisms of power. The author of the paper stresses that the political system of the modern Russian Federation is a particular mix of European and Asian models. Its functioning does not resemble the political regimes of polyarchy as much as those described as 'Asian democracies'. The author indicates that given the present developmental stage of the Russian Federation, this models appears to be more practical and adequate in the political and cultural reality of modern Russia. ; One of the fields of interest of modern political science involves the process of transformation of political systems, understood as the transition from nondemocratic to democratic systems. One of the countries undergoing such a political transformation is the Russian Federation, which in the nineteen-nineties faced the need to reject the model of the socio-political system of the Soviet Union, and to adjust to the emerging global civilization dominated by the models originating in West European countries. The paper emphasizes that, on account of the difficulties related to the process of political transformation, at the beginning of the new millennium West European models began to be supplanted by the models of Asian countries enjoying impressive economic growth while maintaining paternalist and authoritarian mechanisms of power. The author of the paper stresses that the political system of the modern Russian Federation is a particular mix of European and Asian models. Its functioning does not resemble the political regimes of polyarchy as much as those described as 'Asian democracies'. The author indicates that given the present developmental stage of the Russian Federation, this models appears to be more practical and adequate in the political and cultural reality of modern Russia.

The aim of this article is to compare the criticism of Poland and Poles in the thought of the early National Democracy (on the example of J.L. Popławski) and the Krakow school (on the example of M. Bobrzyński). The research problem is an attempt to answer the question about Poland in the context of Europe: according to which patterns should Polish political culture be evaluated, since both thinkers agree that the patterns of Polish political culture are different from European ones and generate a faulty status quo? The basic method is the analysis of source texts and their interpretation by later authors. Bobrzyński's starting point is Europe, while Popławski's is Poland. The difference in perspective generates two different projects for building a modern Polish society. The main conclusion of the analysis is the thesis about the internal character of criticism of Poland and Poles in the thought of J.L. Popławski. He formulates a thesis about the "backwardness" of Poland, and thus the need for "modernization," i.e. the modernization of Polish patriotism but the starting point of analysis is Polish political culture. The article shows the differences in the placement of "economic virtues" in the catalog of human and civil duties. It's describes the grassroots, "power of the commons" (gminowładcze) conditions of effective political power in Poland and postulates bridging of the social gap between the intellectual elite ("lordly civilization") and the rest of society ("civilization of commons"). The article may prompt a reflection on contemporary modernization changes taking place in Polish society; on one hand side, it suggests the need for civilization change, on the other hand side, it shows the limits of it. ; Celem artykułu jest porównanie krytyki Polski i Polaków w myśli wczesnoendeckiej (na przykładzie J.L. Popławskiego) i szkoły krakowskiej (na przykładzie M. Bobrzyńskiego). Problemem badawczym jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o Polskę w kontekście Europy: według jakich wzorców dokonać ewaluacji polskiej ...

One of the fields of interest of modern political science involves the process of transformation of political systems, understood as the transition from nondemocratic to democratic systems. One of the countries undergoing such a political transformation is the Russian Federation, which in the nineteen-nineties faced the need to reject the model of the socio-political system of the Soviet Union, and to adjust to the emerging global civilization dominated by the models originating in West European countries. The paper emphasizes that, on account of the difficulties related to the process of political transformation, at the beginning of the new millennium West European models began to be supplanted by the models of Asian countries enjoying impressive economic growth while maintaining paternalist and authoritarian mechanisms of power. The author of the paper stresses that the political system of the modern Russian Federation is a particular mix of European and Asian models. Its functioning does not resemble the political regimes of polyarchy as much as those described as 'Asian democracies'. The author indicates that given the present developmental stage of the Russian Federation, this models appears to be more practical and adequate in the political and cultural reality of modern Russia.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to compare the criticism of Poland and Poles in the thought of the early National Democracy (on the example of J. L. Popławski) and the Cracow school (on the example of M. Bobrzyński). THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem is an attempt to answer the question about Poland in the context of Europe: according to which patterns should Polish political culture be evaluated, since both thinkers agree that the patterns of Polish political culture are different from European ones and generate a faulty status quo? The basic method is the analysis of source texts and their interpretation by later authors. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Bobrzyński's starting point is Europe, while Popławski's is Poland. The difference in perspective generates two different projects for building a modern Polish society. RESEARCH RESULTS: The main conclusion of the analysis is the thesis about the internal character of criticism of Poland and Poles in the thought of J. L. Popławski. He formulates a thesis about the "backwardness" of Poland, and thus the need for "modernisation", i.e. the modernization of Polish patriotism but the starting point of analysis is Polish political culture. The article shows the differences in the placement of "economic virtues" in the catalog of human and civil duties. It's describes the grassroots, "power of the commons (gminowładcze)" conditions of effective political power in Poland and postulates bridging of the social gap between the intellectual elite ("lordly civilization") and the rest of society ("civilization of commons"). WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Artykuł może się przysłużyć refleksji nad współczesnymi przemianami modernizacyjnymi zachodzącymi w społeczeństwie polskim; z jednej strony sugeruje potrzebę zmiany cywilizacyjnej z drugiej pokazuje granice tej zmiany. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The article may prompt a reflection on contemporary modernization changes taking place in Polish society; on one hand side, ...

Agnieszka Ogonowska, Edukacja medialna w kontekście cyberpsychologii: nowe perspektywy badania mediów i ich użytkowników we współczesnej cywilizacji medialnej [Media education in the context of cyber-psychology: new perspectives for media and user research in contemporary media civilisation]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 93-109. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.05 The aim of the article is to show new perspectives of research and development of media, digital and information competences in the context of knowledge and research in (cyber) psychology. It draws attention to the functions of media education in relation to civil society, the society of knowledge, and the society of communication democracy. In the modern media civilization, these competences, acquired through formal and informal education, are the basis for conscious functioning in many social roles (eg citizen, consumer) and dealing with disinformation. The last part of the article is dedicated to shaping media competences in young children (2.5-7 years old), who should develop these skills under the care of an adult. The task of educational environments is the systematic implementation of home media education that facilitates the child's functioning in the environment of traditionaland new media. ; Agnieszka Ogonowska, Edukacja medialna w kontekście cyberpsychologii: nowe perspektywy badania mediów i ich użytkowników we współczesnej cywilizacji medialnej [Media education in the context of cyber-psychology: new perspectives for media and user research in contemporary media civilisation]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 93-109. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.05 The aim of the article is to show new perspectives of research and development of media, digital and information competences in the context of knowledge and research in (cyber) psychology. It draws attention to the functions of media education in relation to civil society, the society of knowledge, and the society of communication democracy. In the modern media civilization, these competences, acquired through formal and informal education, are the basis for conscious functioning in many social roles (eg citizen, consumer) and dealing with disinformation. The last part of the article is dedicated to shaping media competences in young children (2.5-7 years old), who should develop these skills under the care of an adult. The task of educational environments is the systematic implementation of home media education that facilitates the child's functioning in the environment of traditionaland new media.

Nowadays, people have very diverse needs and expectations. This is due to the huge development of civilization that could be observed over the past few years. However, the basis for any action is a sense of security, which has unfortunately been shattered. Lack of awareness of risks allows for the proper functioning and to take further challenges. As it turns out, despite the military detente constantly appears in a number of new threats that destructive impact on society and the functioning of states. Undoubtedly one of these threats to the modern world is terrorism, which in a the spectacular and ruthless results in of loss both tangible and intangible. Therefore, you should pay much attention to anti-terrorist operations in order to effectively prevent potential attacks ; W dzisiejszych czasach ludzie mają bardzo różnorodne potrzeby i oczekiwania. Jest to związane z ogromnym rozwojem cywilizacyjnym, jaki można było zaobserwować na przestrzeni ostatnich kilku lat. Jednak podstawą do wszelkich działań jest poczucie bezpieczeństwa, które zostało niestety zachwiane. Świadomość braku zagrożeń pozwala na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie oraz podejmowanie kolejnych wyzwań. Jak się jednak okazuje, pomimo odprężenia militarnego nieustannie pojawia się szereg nowych zagrożeń, które destrukcyjnie oddziałują na społeczeństwo oraz funkcjonowanie państw. Niewątpliwie jednym z takich zagrożeń dla współczesnego świata jest terroryzm, który w sposób spektakularny oraz bezwzględny powoduje straty zarówno materialne, jak i niematerialne. Dlatego też należy przykładać dużo uwagi do działań antyterrorystycznych, aby móc w efektywny sposób przeciwdziałać potencjalnym atakom