1. Translation technique and textual criticism -- 2. Biography and cultural history -- 3. The classification of the sciences and methods of research and teaching -- 4. Philosophy -- 5. Natural science -- 6. Medicine -- 7. Geometry, arithmetic and optics -- 8. Geography and astronomy -- 9. Musicology -- 10. Mechanics -- 11. The occult sciences -- 12. Literature and art.
1 Introduction -- 2 The Greek Heritage in Economic Thought -- The Old Art of Political Economy -- 3 Biblical and Early Judeo-Christian Thought: Genesis to Augustine -- Some Socioeconomic Aspects of Judaic Thought -- 4 Islamic Economic Thought -- Continuity and Change in Islamic Economic Thought -- 5 Scholastic Economics -- Scholastic Economics -- 6 The Development of Mercantilist Economic Thought -- The Language of Mercantilism -- 7 In Search of Economic Order: French Predecessors of Adam Smith -- The International Foundations of Classical Political Economy in the Eighteenth Century: An Alternative Perspective -- 8 The Scottish Enlightenment and Political Economy -- The Scottish Enlightenment: Evaluation of Origins.
In this survey of the great exponents of the classical tradition, Vincent Bladen examines the thought and works of Adam Smith, T.R. Malthus, Henry Thornton, David Ricardo, J.S. Mill, Karl Marx, W.S. Jevons, Alfred Marshall, and John Maynard Keynes, and relates their views to modern situations.
To encourage the incorporation of postmodern perspectives into postcolonial Marxism, the development of Marxist philosophy in the Indian academic context since 1947 is examined. Marxist thought in India was originally economistic, but has been influenced by the country's revolutionary communist movement of the 1960s. The emergence of the Subaltern Studies school of Marxist thought, which, following Antonio Gramsci, criticizes classical Marxism for its insufficient emphasis on the specificity of ideology, is described, & limitations inherent in the structuralist framework of the Subaltern school are analyzed from a postmodern perspective. Three topics are discusssed: (1) the nature of the agrarian mode of production & peasant consciousness; (2) the nature of Indian nationalism in the context of Western hegemony; & (3) the postcolonial subject positions of oppressed populations. 19 References. J. Ferrari
In this survey of the great exponents of the classical tradition, Vincent Bladen examines the thought and works of Adam Smith, T.R. Malthus, Henry Thornton, David Ricardo, J.S. Mill, Karl Marx, W.S. Jevons, Alfred Marshall, and John Maynard Keynes, and relates their views to modern situations.
It was Europeans who started in Egypt a historic preservationist movement for Arab (or Islamic) art.1 It was they who persuaded Khedive Tawfiq to decree, in December 1881, the founding of the Committee for the Conservation of Monuments of Arab Art (hereafter "the Comité," the usual French designation). It was the European-dominated Comité that opened the Museum of Arab Art three years later, and it was an Englishman, K. A. C. Creswell, who established the Institute of Islamic Archaeology at the Egyptian (later Cairo) University. Why did the Europeans care? In 19th-century Europe, romanticism gave a strong impetus to writers and painters, scholars, and collectors to search for a lost past, the unusual, the exotic, the "Oriental." This inquiry into the past, at home and abroad, was intimately bound up with Westerners' search for their own identities and with the triumph of the idea of the nation-state. Historic preservationists and museums selected, conserved, and displayed buildings and objects defined as valuable to their national heritages. Romanticism, in part a revolt against classical styles, also spurred a "Gothic revival movement and a fascination with various Oriental styles.
Intro -- Arab Civilization -- Table of Contents -- Editors' Note -- Preface -- Part I. The Man and His Work -- Constantine K. Zurayk: Advocate of Rationalism in Modern Arab Thought -- Humanism and Secularism in the Modern Arab Heritage: The Ideas of al-Kawākibī and Zurayk -- Part 2. The Classical Heritage -- On the Use of Islamic History: An Essay -- The Expression of Historicity in the Koran -- Equity and Islamic Law -- The Devolution of the Perfect State: Plato, Ibn Rushd, and Ibn Khaldun -- al-Khwārizmī's Concept of Algebra -- Ibn Khaldun, the Father of Economics -- A Mamlūk "Magna Carta -- Part 3. The Modern Age: Challenges and Responses -- The Memoirs of Nubar Pasha as a Source for the Social History of Egypt -- The Neopatriarchal Discourse: Language and Discourse in Contemporary Arab Society -- The Interplay Between Social and Cultural Change: The Case of Germany and the Arab Middle East -- Criticism and the Heritage: Adonis as an Advocate of a New Arab Culture -- Aḥmad Amīn and 'Abbās Maḥmūd al-'Aqqād Between al-Quadīm and al-Jadīd: European Challenge and Islamic Response -- Amīn al-Rīḥānī and King 'Abdul-'Aziz Ibn Sa'ūd -- A Reinterpretation of the Origins and Aims of the Great Syrian Revolt, 1925-27 -- The Social and Economic Structure of Bāb-al-Muṣallā (al-Mīdān), Damascus, 1825-75 -- Imperial Germany: A View from Damascus -- The Egyptian Press under Nasser and al-Sadat -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.
This study examines for the first time the finance procedures and documents of the post-classical Ottoman Empire. It provides an overview of institutional and monetary history and a detailed description of assessment and collection processes for Cizye, Avariz and Iltizam -collected taxes, the documents produced by these processes, and the information they contain. The finance department's detailed record-keeping, procedural continuity, and provision of economic justice made it a bulwark of stability in a period of turmoil. For specialists, this book introduces a multitude of sources on the economic and social history of the post-classical age, while for comparativists it places the empire in its seventeenth-century context. It links Ottoman administrative change with early modern state formation and reformulates the seventeenth century as a period of consolidation, not decline