Suchergebnisse

Prior to the energy crisis of 1973, the U.S. did not have an energy policy. The failure of the American political system to anticipate and respond to the changing facts of energy was an inevitable outcome of the way policy is made. Consistent with tradition, the search for a consensus was begun from 1973–1980. The U.S. abandoned cheap energy as a high priority and adopted secure, abundant and clean energy. Conservation came to be viewed as a source of energy along with nuclear power and synfuels. Price deregulation was the most important policy tool. The Reagan administration upset this consensus and substituted the market place as the means for maximizing supplies rather than reduce demand.The federal role was limited to bringing publicly‐owned bonds into the marketplace. At the same time, it reduced RED and concern for the environment. Thus, the Reagan administration succeeded in snatching failure from the jaws of success.

Pt. 1: March 21, 1991 - Incinerators and park protection; May 1, 1991 - Permits; July 22, 1991 - Wepco rule. - III,411 S., Tab. - ISBN 0-16-037138-4

Declares as national priority the supply of electricity to the "Salar de Uyuni" through the construction of Thermoelectric plants.'"

In Uganda, the energy sector like the rest of the economy has suffered severe setback during the 1970s and l980s, the years of political problems in that country. It has been seen that middle class households and even the upper class are reverting from the more efficient and cleaner fuels i.e. electricity and gas, to woodfuel in form of charcoal due partly to the unrealiability of the clean fuels and partly to their high prices and that of the appliances required in their utilisation. This report is a result of a Minor Field Study to evaluate the energy situation in Uganda with the aim of establishing the possibilities of introducing biogas systems in the countryside. It came out during the study that the country faces fuel shortage in the urban areas and some parts of the rural areas and the situation is deteriorating with time. Factors contributing to this situation include inefficient use of fuelwood and charcoal, the rapid population increase without corresponding technological development, rapid growth of the urban areas and the intensive exploitation without replanting of forest products for other purposes. The report gives a general description of biogas production, its characteristics, and its use for cooking, lighting, heating, driving of engines, generating of electricity and curing of tobacco. There is an outline of safety precautions during the production and use of the gas. Conditions for the introduction of biogas systems in the rural areas of Uganda are also outlined and these include, energy needs, availability of technical know-how, availability of building material and availability of organic materials for biogas production. It is pointed out in the report that all these conditions are fairly satisfactorily fulfilled as it concerns the Ugandan situation. The Chinese Pilot Project consisting of seven plants in the eastern part of Uganda is examined. Some plants have managerial problems but the biggest problem is that the project has no technical backup in terms of repairs and servicing, whenever problems arise. There is hardly any data being collected from the plants and no visible follow-up. The local extension staff do not have knowledge about the functioning of the units and therefore they are not useful to the unit owners in terms of advice and repairs. Some differences in basic conditions as relates to biogas technology transfer are briefly examined It turns out that the pilot plants are very expensive. There is an observation on the likely effects of introducing biogas systems in rural Uganda. It is likely that if care is not taken, the project can increase the labour burden on some members of the society. The health conditions in the society should improve and the environment conservated. There then comes an economic analysis which points out that research is needed to produce a cheaper design.

This article provides an analysis from a European perspective of the influence of environmental objectives on American energy policy. It describes how environmental legislation, such as the Clean Air Act, NEPA and the Surface Mining Act, constrains growth in the energy sector by way of cost increases in energy production and use and interference with, the pursuit of energy security (e.g., through constraints on coal extraction and use, nuclear development and off-shore exploration). At present, despite the Bush Administration's restrained position on the greenhouse effect, environmental objectives appear to have a high priority in the setting of energy policy. Thus, even before the current Gulf crisis, there was a growing interest in energy conservation as a policy objective.

"No. 160." ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 87 H701-41 ; Bibliography: p. 197-198. ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

What is loosely described as 'acid rain' is not a new phenomenon. The burning of coal and other fossil fuelsmust have always resulted in the production of sulphur dioxide, and, where the combustion temperatures arehigh, of oxides of nitrogen. These may be present in various stages of oxidation and are often referred to assimply SOx and NOx. The Clean Air Act 1956 with its limitations on the burning of raw coal in urban areashas virtually eliminated 'smog' in British cities but has not directly reduced the SOx emissions.It is only during the last decade or so that Acid Rain has become a topic o

Item 1016-A, 1016-B (MF). ; Shipping list no.: 91-401-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Serial no. 101-105." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The Brazilian Constitution includes declarations in favor of the use of alternative energy and renewable resources. Articles 21, 174, 177 have dispositions to regulate renewable energy activities.