Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) applied to flood susceptibility in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil ; Processo de hierarquia analítica (AHP) aplicado à suscetibilidade a inundações em São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
The changes in environmental factors in a hydrographic basin, mainly in the urban environment, enable different scenarios than the change of parameters in climatic, physical, political, and socioeconomic factors. Those changes may have immediate effects on indigenous populations, often making them vulnerable to the risk of flooding. This article evaluates the vulnerability to flooding in the municipality of São José dos Campos, State of São Paulo, Brazil using multicriteria analysis and geoprocessing techniques. Quantum GIS (QGIS) was used in the manipulation and processing of vector and matrix data related to the terrain slope, hydrography, geotechnics, and data history of flooding (2009 - 2018) in São José dos Campos. The hierarchy and criteria weighting processes were carried out, as well as the zoning of areas at risk of flooding. Thus, it was found that 23.81% and 2.17% of the municipal territory has high and very high susceptibility to flooding. It can be concluded that the combined use of multicriteria analysis and geoprocessing is an effective contribution to assist the management of public policies in order to obtain more assertive decisions in the prevention or reduction of flood risks. ; The changes in environmental factors in a hydrographic basin, mainly in the urban environment, enable different scenarios than the change of parameters in climatic, physical, political, and socioeconomic factors. Those changes may have immediate effects on indigenous populations, often making them vulnerable to the risk of flooding. This article evaluates the vulnerability to flooding in the municipality of São José dos Campos, State of São Paulo, Brazil using multicriteria analysis and geoprocessing techniques. Quantum GIS (QGIS) was used in the manipulation and processing of vector and matrix data related to the terrain slope, hydrography, geotechnics, and data history of flooding (2009 - 2018) in São José dos Campos. The hierarchy and criteria weighting processes were carried out, as well as the zoning of areas at risk of flooding. Thus, it was found that 23.81% and 2.17% of the municipal territory has high and very high susceptibility to flooding. It can be concluded that the combined use of multicriteria analysis and geoprocessing is an effective contribution to assist the management of public policies in order to obtain more assertive decisions in the prevention or reduction of flood risks. ; As mudanças de fatores ambientais em uma bacia hidrográfica, principalmente no meio urbano, possibilitam diferentes cenários a partir da alteração de parâmetros nos fatores climáticos, físicos, políticos e socioeconômicos. É possível que as alterações promovam efeitos imediatos para a sociedade, muitas vezes, tornando-a vulnerável ao risco de inundação. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a vulnerabilidade à inundação no município de São José dos Campos, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando análise multicritério e técnicas de geoprocessamento. Para tanto, utilizou-se o Quantum GIS (QGIS) na manipulação e processamento de dados vetoriais e matriciais relacionados à declividade, hidrografia, geotecnia e histórico de inundação (2009 - 2018) de São José dos Campos. Foram realizados os processos de hierarquização e ponderação de critérios, bem como o zoneamento de áreas de risco de inundação. Assim, constatou-se que 23,81% e 2,17% do território municipal apresenta suscetibilidade alta e muito alta à inundação. Pode-se concluir que a aplicação em conjunto da análise multicritério e do geoprocessamento é de efetiva contribuição para auxiliar a gestão de políticas públicas com fins de obter decisões mais assertivas na prevenção ou redução de riscos de inundação.