Suchergebnisse

In this article, we address the question of how organizational practices are diffused within networks of practice. We do so by drawing on the results of an ethnographic study of the diffusion of a complex mental health care treatment modality — the Democratic Therapeutic Community — that involved the attempted spread of novel work practices within a professional network of psychiatrists and their associated multi-disciplinar y teams at two new clinical sites. We orientate the study within the networks of practice (NOP) literature on the diffusion of new work practices, considering in par ticular the issue of organizational power, which has been neglected hitherto. After presenting our ethnographic material, we draw attention to the role of clinical ideology, derived from founders and upheld by new, local clinical leaders in the appropriation process. By bringing in a concern for organizational power, we add to the existing literature through stressing the impor tance of ideological power, in supplying collective meaning, and the influential role of founders as creators and `institutionalizers' of underlying ideologies.

Scholars have long argued that delinquency is a group phenomenon. Even so, minimal research exists on the nature, structure, and process of co‐offending. This investigation focuses on a particular void, namely the stability of 1) co‐offending and 2) co‐offender selection over time, for which divergent theoretical expectations currently exist that bear on issues central to general and developmental/life‐course theories of crime. By relying on individual‐level, longitudinal data for a sample of juvenile offenders from Philadelphia, we find that distinct trajectories of co‐offending exist over the course of the juvenile criminal career. This inquiry also develops an individualized measure of co‐offender stability, which reveals that delinquents generally tend not to "reuse" co‐offenders, although frequent offenders show a greater propensity to do so. The discussion considers the theoretical and policy implications of these findings as well as provides some avenues for future research.

Preamble: We the people of the co-operative of Guyana, the proud heirs of the indomitable spirit and unconquerable will of our forefathers who by their sacrifices, their blood and their labour made rich and fertile and bequeathed to us as our inalienable patrimony for all time this green land of Guyana. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen) ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)

AbstractIn situations of international crises normative divergence regarding policy responses is a recurrent phenomenon. It is a problem which remains to be addressed despite assumptions about internationally established communities such as the liberal community of Western states. The case of the European Union's failure to co‐ordinate a common policy response in connection with the war on Iraq demonstrates that conflict between Member States about appropriate common policy responses is enhanced by external crises. Common commitment to shared community norms is hence considered as an insufficient basis for policy consensus or, for that matter, sustainable compromise. The article discusses how and why these divergences emerge and suggests institutionalizing collective processes of norm contestation at the European level.