Suchergebnisse

Die vorliegende Monographie über den Maler Joseph Ignaz Mildorfer (1719-1775) umfasst vierzehn Kapitel, die mit dem Lebenslauf beginnend die verschiedenen Etappen im Werk des Malers veranschaulichen. Dabei wurde grosser Wert auf die soziologischen, politischen und ästhetischen Kriterien gelegt, welche die Entwicklung dieses eigenwilligen Künstlers bestimmten. In eine angesehene Malerfamilie in Innsbruck geboren, erlebte Mildorfer neben seiner konventionellen Ausbildung in der väterlichen Werkstatt hier auch den Beginn einer internationalen Monumentalmalerei, die erst durch den Import süddeutscher Maler auf tiroler Boden um sich griff. Mit diesen frühen Anregungen versehen, gelang es dem jungen Maler bei seiner Ankunft in der Kaiserstadt denn auch mit erstaunlicher Sicherheit den, für eine erfolgreiche Karriere imperativen, grossen Preis der Wiener Akademie zu gewinnen. Im Fahrwasser Paul Trogers, als dessen begabtester Schüler er von den Zeitgenossen gerühmt wurde, stellten sich in rascher Folge prestigereiche Angebote ein. Dem erstaunlich grossen Erstlingswerk, der malerischen Gesamtausstattung der Wallfahrtskirche am Hafnerberg, schloss sich bald der erste kaiserliche Auftrag an. Doch Österreich befand sich im Erbfolgekrieg, der die künstlerische Auftragssituation ernstlich bedrohte und auch Mildorfer zwang, nach Alternativen zu suchen. Und solche fand er in der Schlachtenmalerei. In diesem Genre schuf der junge Künstler Werke von einer aufrührenden Intensität, die ihn weit über seine Kollegen an der Akademie herausragen liessen, und ihm eine eigene Nische boten. Sicherlich machten gerade diese Bilder die letzten grossen Mäzene der Monarchie auf Mildorfer aufmerksam, was zu seiner Berufung als Hofmaler der Herzogin Maria Theresia von Savoyen, geborener Prinzessin von Liechtenstein führte, und eine lang anhaltende Zusammenarbeit mit den verschiedenen Zweigen der Familie Esterházy nach sich zog. Als Krönung rief Nikolaus Fürst Esterházy Mildorfer schliesslich nach Esterháza, um jenes Schloss zu freskieren, dessen aufwendige Gestaltung seinem Besitzer den Beinamen "der Prachtliebende" bescherte. (Die gründliche Aufarbeitung des Fürstlich Liechtensteinischen Archivs in Vaduz beantwortet nun endlich die Frage nach Art und Ausmass des tradierten, aber nie geklärten Arbeitsverhältnisses unseres Malers mit dem Hause Liechtenstein). Mildorfers Wahl zum wiener Akademieprofessor markierte nicht nur den Höhepunkt dieses Künstlerlebens, sondern spielte auch ganz wesentlich in eines der spannendsten Kapitel der wiener Kunst des 18. Jahrhunderts hinein. Unter seiner Ägide nämlich entstand hier der vielzitierte "Einheitsstil der Wiener Akademie", der von der Fülle seiner Schüler, allen voran Franz Anton Maulbetsch getragen wurde und Mildorfer zum Urheber dieses faszinierenden Phänomens macht. Die Arbeiten in den ehemaligen Kronländern kompletieren sein Werk als das eines typischen Mitteleuropäers des 18. Jahrhunderts. Manche, der oft schwer nachvollziehbaren Eigenschaften dieses kontroversen Malers müssen allerdings aus dem Zeitgeist gedeutet, und unter dem Begriff "Maler der Empfindsamkeit" verständlich gemacht werden. Mildorfer umfassend zu bearbeiten ist ein Desideratum, denn ohne ihn als Verbindungsglied zwischen Paul Troger, seinem Lehrer und Franz Anton Maulbertsch, seinem Schüler voll zu erfassen, wird immer ein Baustein im Gefüge der österreichischen Barockmalerei fehlen. ; This monograph on Joseph Ignaz Mildorfer (1719-1775) consists of forteen chapters, that after having given an overall curriculum, depict the various stations in the painter's working process. Special emphasis has been given to such criteria as the socio-economic, political and esthetic impacts, that shaped the development of this intriguing artist. Mildorfer was born into a distinguished family of painters in Innsbruck, where he was taught the basics of his profession. However, he was also exposed to the newly imported paintings from southern Germany, which at this time sparked Tyrolian tradition with international flavor. Partly due to those early stimuli, the young painter managed to instantly gain the renowned "big prize" of the Academy, upon his arrival in Imperial Vienna. This distinction was a prerequisite to any further career. Praised by his contemporaries as the most prodigious pupil of Paul Troger, Mildorfer soon was offered remarkable employments. His first major task, the complete decoration of the pilgrimage church at Hafnerberg near Vienna, comprising works in fresco and oil was soon to be followed by a commission from the Imperial court. But Austria was plagued by a raging War of Succession, which cast its shadow upon the job market, forcing Mildorfer to venture out into alternative fields. This he found in the painting of battlescenes. In this genre the young artist produced works of such rebellious intenseness that surpassed all his colleagues' endeavors and saved him a special niche. It might well be that those particular paintings drew the attention of the last great sponsers of the monarchy to Mildorfer, resulting in his being appointed painter of the court to the Duchess of Savoy, neé Maria Theresia Princess of Liechtenstein. (By way of scholarly work in the Princely Archives of Liechtenstein we have now established answers to questions regarding character and extend of Mildorfers work for the Duchess, that up till now has been obscured). In addition this period marked the beginning of a long lasting relationship with various branches of the Esterházy family, culminating in Mildorfer's appointment to Esterháza. Here he was commissioned to paint al fresco in Duke Nikolaus Esterházy's castle, one of the last manifestations of feudal style, the elaborate adornment of which promted the Duke with the attribute "The Magnificent". When Mildorfer was elected Professor at the Academy (kaiserlich-königliche Hofakademie der Mahler, Bildhauer und Baukunst) this not only marked the zenith of his career but also had major impact on one of the most thrilling phenomena within eighteenth century Viennese art. It was under his leadership that a movement took center stage, that was aprostophized the "Einheitsstil der Wiener Akademie". Carried out by an array of his scholars, notably Franz Anton Maubertsch this faszinating manifestation had Mildorfer's ideas at its core. With his contributions in the Crown Lands of the Habsburg monarchy in mind, his work makes him a typical Central-European artist of the eighteenth century. However some of his lesser graspable traits can only be understood out of the "Zeitgeist" and must be explained under the term of "painter of the sensibility". Since Mildorfer is the link between Paul Troger, his teacher and Franz Anton Maulbertsch, his student, a comprehensive biography of this artist is an absolute must. Only that makes a profound understanding of the third generation of Austrian barock-painting possible.

Aus dem Band Montesquieu. Franzose - Europäer – Weltbürger, hg. v. E. Böhlke und E. Françoise, Berlin 2005. Anlässlich des 250. Todestags des Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu veranstaltete die Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften ein Symposion, das auf die Aktualität seines Oeuvres abzielte. Namhafte französische und deutsche Sozial- und GeisteswissenschaftlerInnen diskutierten Potenzen und Grenzen des Operierens mit den Ideen dieses "philosophe" des 18. Jahrhunderts. Montesquieus Vorstellungen von der Teilung der Gewalten, vom Imperium, vom Verhältnis von Individuum und Gemeinschaft, seine Überzeugung von der Bedingtheit sozialer durch natürliche Phänomene oder die Annahme einer notwendigen Relation zwischen politischen Institutionen und der Kultur einer Gesellschaft wurden analysiert unter der Perspektive, wie sich damit Fragen beantworten lassen, vor denen die modernen Gesellschaften heute stehen.

How do Argentina's found grandchildren experience knowing the truth about their biological origins, and how does this influence their identity? Their identification, restitution and reconstruction of identity has been and will continue to be closely linked to Argentina's transitional justice process. We need more knowledge about how victims of political violence experience transitional justice measures. Therefore, one of the purposes of this thesis is to contribute to a more profound understanding of what such processes imply for a society and its individuals through the context-specific study of one particular aspect of a transitional justice process. For all of my informants, getting to know the truth about their biological origins has been experienced as what Giddens (1991) refers to as a fateful moment that would change their lives. Each individual has a unique story, yet, I find that the found grandchildren have all gone through three different phases; identification – restitution – reconstruction of identity. I consider the identification and restitution as events limited in time, whereas I view the reconstruction of identity as an ongoing and continuous process in which each person is trying to restore a sense of coherent identity.

This article discusses the GKSA's (Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika) use of article 30 CO during the apartheid era. The central theoretical argument is that the GKSA Synods gave a Kuyperian content to the expression 'ecclesiastical affairs in an ecclesiastical manner' in article 30 CO, and this enabled them to evade sensitive political issues. The article states that the Kuyperian ecclesiology contains serious deficiencies and proposes that the relevant expression must rather be interpreted from the perspective of God's kingdom, because the church is a sign and instrument of God's kingdom on earth that anticipates the kingdom of God. 'Ecclesiastical affairs' ought to refer to all religious-ethical, social-ethical and spiritual issues that pertain to the principles of God's kingdom, while 'ecclesiastical manner' ought to depict the church's unique way of dealing with matters through witness, confession and proclamation

This study assessed the effectiveness of a co-management arrangement and also explored, quantitatively, the relationship between socioeconomic factors, losers' characteristics, and co-management effectiveness in Madagascar with a moderate sample size. The paper found that losers were further away from the market, commercialized most of their catch, but have higher dependence on marine livelihood and fewer other occupations.

.there is a clear gap between the system of First Nation governance envisioned in the Final Land Claims and Self-Government Agreements and the system as it currently exists. The agreements have yet to be implemented fully, or even close to fully. This means that there are a variety of policy fields which First Nation governments have the power to control, but have not yet assumed this power. For some, this implementation gap is one that will eventually be overcome if the necessary resources are invested. Using education policy in Yukon as a case study, this paper suggests that there appears to be a different relationship emerging between the Yukon Government and First Nation governments. It argues that in the policy field of education the Yukon Government and First Nation governments are moving towards a system of co-management, based on increased partnership and collaboration. To make this assertion this paper will compare the current trajectory of the relationship between Yukon and First Nation governments through a co-management framework. This framework is based on the body of literature that discusses regimes of co-management by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal governments over natural resources. It is comprised of four parts: the underlying rationale or origin for the regime the structure of the regimes various bodies how power and decision-making occurs and how Aboriginal voice, or traditional methods and practices are incorporated. --P. 2-3. ; The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b1754972

.there is a clear gap between the system of First Nation governance envisioned in the Final Land Claims and Self-Government Agreements and the system as it currently exists. The agreements have yet to be implemented fully, or even close to fully. This means that there are a variety of policy fields which First Nation governments have the power to control, but have not yet assumed this power. For some, this implementation gap is one that will eventually be overcome if the necessary resources are invested. Using education policy in Yukon as a case study, this paper suggests that there appears to be a different relationship emerging between the Yukon Government and First Nation governments. It argues that in the policy field of education the Yukon Government and First Nation governments are moving towards a system of co-management, based on increased partnership and collaboration. To make this assertion this paper will compare the current trajectory of the relationship between Yukon and First Nation governments through a co-management framework. This framework is based on the body of literature that discusses regimes of co-management by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal governments over natural resources. It is comprised of four parts: the underlying rationale or origin for the regime the structure of the regimes various bodies how power and decision-making occurs and how Aboriginal voice, or traditional methods and practices are incorporated. --P. 2-3. ; The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b1754972

The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship between co-development projects with transnational interests and the governance of migration by the Spanish and Ecuadorian governments. On one hand, the emergence of co-development is linked with the political dimension of migration, and therefore, with the challenges that its management poses for both the sending and receiving states. Simultaneously, the state exists in a context of the reconfiguration of its traditional functions, and above all, the manner in which it goes about performing them. For these reasons, co-development projects form part of state governance strategies, based on a special understanding of the nexus between migration and development in European social space, involving international organizations, state governments, and civil society, linked by migratory flows. This is demonstrated in the case of Ecuador and Spain. Since Spain stimulated co-development, the implementation of projects with Ecuador has been emphasized, due to the dimensions achieved by Ecuadorian migration. Co-development politics and projects are analyzed in this paper as areas of intervention integrated by values, guide lines and cultural understandings about migration, including appropriate forms of control and management.

The rapid global development is mostly economically driven and made up of complex country-specific problems. Although sustainable development (SD) is a well established concept and an urgent global challenge, differing levels of progress had been made in organisations, communities and countries. To facilitate consistency of understanding, the authors accept the definition of 'sustainable development' as including the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Furthermore, they argue that these dimensions are not functioning as separate silos but are interdependent and grounded in legislated governance frameworks from where co-operative governance (COG) realizes as an option to facilitate an integrated approach. The article discusses the challenges in the facilitation of COG and suggests practical guidelines for implementation to facilitate improved integration.

The rapid global development is mostly economically driven and made up of complex country-specific problems. Although sustainable development (SD) is a well established concept and an urgent global challenge, differing levels of progress had been made in organisations, communities and countries. To facilitate consistency of understanding, the authors accept the definition of 'sustainable development' as including the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Furthermore, they argue that these dimensions are not functioning as separate silos but are interdependent and grounded in legislated governance frameworks from where co-operative governance (COG) realizes as an option to facilitate an integrated approach. The article discusses the challenges in the facilitation of COG and suggests practical guidelines for implementation to facilitate improved integration.

The rapid global development is mostly economically driven and made up of complex country-specific problems. Although sustainable development (SD) is a well established concept and an urgent global challenge, differing levels of progress had been made in organisations, communities and countries. To facilitate consistency of understanding, the authors accept the definition of 'sustainable development' as including the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Furthermore, they argue that these dimensions are not functioning as separate silos but are interdependent and grounded in legislated governance frameworks from where co-operative governance (COG) realizes as an option to facilitate an integrated approach. The article discusses the challenges in the facilitation of COG and suggests practical guidelines for implementation to facilitate improved integration. ; https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v7i1.257

In a mood of reassessing the role of co-operative enterprises as a tool for fighting poverty both from the academic community and the international organisations, the thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the added value of the co-operative form of business especially in a people-centred development setting. In particular, in applying the human development and capability approach to co-operative economics and therefore by linking co-operatives to the concept of well-being, the thesis contributes to shifting the co-operative thinking beyond the homo oeconomicus rational choice perspective bringing it closer to the reason why people adhere to collective livelihood strategies, thus providing greater insight for policies and practice. The case study on COPPALJ -a Brazilian primary co-operative located in Maranhão State - is aimed at evaluating the impact of co-operative membership on member well-being as well as on community development. Adopting both econometric (namely propensity score matching) and participatory methods, it offers a valuable methodology both for the impact assessment and for understanding in depth the democraticity of the co-operative process. In such a way, this methodology aims at contributing to overcoming the evaluation of co-operative performance based only on monetary indicators, and instead, enhancing the concrete contribution that co-operatives can bring to human development and poverty reduction.

У статті розглядається цивілізаційна парадигма С. Хантінгтона, його основні ідеї я кфундатора цивілізаційної геополітики, описані передумови зародження його поглядів, а також їх актуальність для сучасного світопорядку, приділена увага критиці його ідей з точки зору цивілізаційного підходу. ; Philosophical reflection process technologization in the political sphere of public life, as it allows to know the possibilities of political technologies. Coverage antitechnology used during political races to create new myths to the coming to power of a certain political force, the possibility of keeping this power to create legitimacy in the eyes of the population and favorable psychological climate in society. ; В статье рассматривается цивилизационная парадигма С. Хантингтона, его основные идеи как основателя цивилизационной геополитики, описаны предпосылки зарождения его взглядов, а также их актуальность для современного миропорядка, уделено внимание критике его идей сточки зрения цивилизационного подхода.

Two parties bargaining over a pie, the size of which is determined by their previous investment decisions. The bargaining rule is sensitive to investment behavior. Two games are considered. In both, bargaining proceeds according to the Nash Demand Game when a symmetric investments profile is observed. When, on the other hand, an asymmetric investments profile is observed, we assume that bargaining proceeds according to the Ultimatum Game in one case and according to a Dictator Game in the other. We hereby show that in both games when a unique stochastically stable outcome exists it supports an homogeneous behavior in the whole population both at the investment stage and at the distribution stage. A norm of investment and a norm of division must therefore coevolve in the two games, supporting both the efficient investment profile and the egalitarian distribution of the surplus, respectively. The two games differ depending on the conditions needed for the two norms to coevolve. The games are proposed to explain the social norms used in modern hunter-gatherer societies.

The Italian co-operative enterprises have prospered in the last thirty years in various sectors. In this essay we analyze the role played by managerilization in allowing Italian co-ops to compete nationally and internationally with capitalist enterprises. On the basis of a substantial set of company histories and managers interviews, we have built a three generations model of co-ops managers, which shows the changes that have allowed co-ops to become fully equipped with managerial skills. The strong leadership of umbrella organizations, the inner careers of most managers and legislation have been instrumental in avoiding demutualization, the killer of co-ops in many other countries.