Suchergebnisse

Le rôle de la radio dans une société urbaine encore marquée par l'héritage rural. Evolution du feuilleton radiophonique. Le lien spécial que les migrants et leurs enfants maintiennent avec l'oralité par le biais du transistor. Exemples pris dans les émissions des stations de Medellín (Colombie).

While Colombia has traditionally been dominated by a conservative Catholic culture, its religious milieu has gone through a rapid transformation characterised by the growth of many new religious organisations. This study will aim to more deeply understand the causes of this transformation and its effects in other social fields, notably in the political and cultural field. A large multitude of questions have shaped the research: Which causes have contributed and driven this religious pluralisation and which factors —political, economic demographic or cultural— are associated with it? How has this religious pluralisation manifested itself in rural, urban and indigenous contexts? What has been the impact of the religious pluralisation in the cultural and political fields?The present thesis will outline the ways in which the processes of secularisation and modernisation on Columbian society are the principle causes of this religious pluralisation and how this pluralisation involves different cultural affinities and forms of cultural inertia. Furthermore, most of the believers who abandon the Catholic Church integrate themselves within similar or related religious movements preferring above all the Pentecostal movement. Moreover, this pluralisation leads to an increased promotion of religious entrepreneurs of an independent and charismatic nature. The best performing religious leaders identify in their accumulated religious reputation a form of capital profitable in other social fields, particularly the political field. Consequently, religious pluralism has opened the doors of political power of new social actors. ; Bien que la Colombie ait longtemps été dominée par une culture catholique conservatrice, elle expérimente aujourd'hui une transformation rapide de son univers religieux. Ce processus est caractérisé par l'entrée en scène d'une multitude de nouvelles organisations religieuses. La présente étude vise à comprendre à la fois les causes de ce processus, et ses effets dans d'autres champs sociaux, notamment les ...

While Colombia has traditionally been dominated by a conservative Catholic culture, its religious milieu has gone through a rapid transformation characterised by the growth of many new religious organisations. This study will aim to more deeply understand the causes of this transformation and its effects in other social fields, notably in the political and cultural field. A large multitude of questions have shaped the research: Which causes have contributed and driven this religious pluralisation and which factors —political, economic demographic or cultural— are associated with it? How has this religious pluralisation manifested itself in rural, urban and indigenous contexts? What has been the impact of the religious pluralisation in the cultural and political fields?The present thesis will outline the ways in which the processes of secularisation and modernisation on Columbian society are the principle causes of this religious pluralisation and how this pluralisation involves different cultural affinities and forms of cultural inertia. Furthermore, most of the believers who abandon the Catholic Church integrate themselves within similar or related religious movements preferring above all the Pentecostal movement. Moreover, this pluralisation leads to an increased promotion of religious entrepreneurs of an independent and charismatic nature. The best performing religious leaders identify in their accumulated religious reputation a form of capital profitable in other social fields, particularly the political field. Consequently, religious pluralism has opened the doors of political power of new social actors. ; Bien que la Colombie ait longtemps été dominée par une culture catholique conservatrice, elle expérimente aujourd'hui une transformation rapide de son univers religieux. Ce processus est caractérisé par l'entrée en scène d'une multitude de nouvelles organisations religieuses. La présente étude vise à comprendre à la fois les causes de ce processus, et ses effets dans d'autres champs sociaux, notamment les champs politique et culturel. Cette recherche a été guidée par de nombreuses questions : Quelles ont pu être les causes du processus de pluralisation religieuse, et quels sont les facteurs - économiques, politiques, démographiques, culturels - qui lui sont associés ? Comment se manifeste la pluralisation religieuse dans les contextes ruraux, urbains et indigènes ? Quel a été l'impact de la pluralisation religieuse dans les champs culturel et politique ? La présente thèse cherche à établir la sécularisation et la modernisation de la société colombienne comme les principales causes de la pluralisation religieuse. Cette pluralisation suit les affinités et les inerties culturelles : la plupart des fidèles qui désertent l'Église catholique émigrent vers des mouvements religieux similaires ou analogues, principalement au bénéfice du mouvement pentecôtiste. La pluralisation religieuse favorise la montée en puissance d'entrepreneurs religieux indépendants de type charismatique. Les leaders religieux qui réussissent le mieux voient dans le capital religieux accumulé un capital rentable dans d'autres champs sociaux, en particulier le champ politique. Ainsi, la pluralisation religieuse a ouvert les portes du pouvoir politique à de nouveaux acteurs sociaux.

ABSTRACT- Why political independence does not result in artistic independence in Colombia ? The question is answered by entering the meanders of the criolla republic and throwing light on the often concealed ways through which art and artists are submittted to the official regime. The categories of pure, testimonial, and compromised art are identified in the essay through a discussion of a essay by the Colombian poet Jorge Zalamea.

Durante las últimas décadas, las prácticas artísticas y culturales asociadas con la música colombiana han ocupado un lugar preponderante en el mercado internacional del arte y la cultura. Las nominaciones y premios, la programación en festivales y la visibilidad en la prensa y en el mercado de artistas que hacen música colombiana muestran el interés creciente por los ritmos y estilos musicales que representan la diversidad y la riqueza cultural de la nación. A partir de esto, lo sonoro representa las peculiaridades del "pueblo colombiano", siendo la música un vector de colombianidad. Este fenómeno es el resultado de procesos históricos que relacionan lo político, lo académico, lo institucional y lo económico. En este sentido, hoy podemos identificar actores influyentes que han consolidado la música colombiana en la esfera pública y, al mismo tiempo, como un espacio privilegiado de movilización de intereses políticos, sociales, artísticos y económicos. En esta tesis presento las intenciones y posturas de los actores de los "mundos de la música colombiana", así como los mecanismos de "estabilización" de la música afrocolombiana. ¿Cómo ha influido el Estado en la identificación, circunscripción y estabilización de la música tradicional colombiana? ¿De qué manera la academia estudia, conceptualiza y explica los ritmos y los repertorios, y ubica las prácticas musicales y a sus participantes en la historia? ¿Qué estrategias utilizan los músicos para responder al movimiento y demandas del sector cultural? ¿Cómo influye la visibilidad y la masificación producida por el mercado cultural al (re)conocimiento de las músicas colombianas y a las características que se les atribuyen? Esta tesis es una invitación a cambiar la atención que prestamos a la música y a los actores que la hacen existir. Sugiero mirar el complejo fenómeno de interdependencia que opera entre las personas, los objetos y la práctica. Esta tesis contribuye a ilustrar el lugar que ocupa la acción colectiva en la producción de los objetos que forjan la "música colombiana", y cómo estos objetos orientan nuevas formas de interacción y de prácticas musicales. ; In recent decades, artistic and cultural practices related to Colombian music have occupied a prominent place in the international art and culture market. The nominations and awards, festivals' programs, and the visibility in press and market of artists who make Colombian music, are proof of the growing interest in the rhythms and musical styles that represent the diversity and cultural richness of the nation. Sound represents the peculiarities of the 'Colombian people', and music becomes a defining factor of the 'Colombian essence'. This phenomenon is the result of the historical processes that combine political, academic, institutional and economic aspects. In this sense, today we can identify influential actors who have consolidated Colombian music in the public sphere and, at the same time, as a privileged space for mobilising political, social, artistic, and economic interests. In this thesis I present intentions and positions of the actors of the 'Colombian music worlds', as well as the mechanisms of 'stabilisation' of Afro-Colombian music. How has the State influenced the identification, circumscription and stabilisation of traditional Colombian music? How does the academy study, conceptualise, and explain rhythms and repertoires, locating musical practices and their participants in history? What strategies use musicians to respond to the dynamics and demands of the cultural sector? How do the visibility and massification produced by the cultural market influence the acknowledgement of Colombian music and the characteristics attributed to it? This thesis is an invitation to refocus the attention we pay to music and the actors who make it exist. I suggest looking at the complex phenomenon of interdependence between people, objects, and practice. This thesis contributes to illustrating the place collective action occupies in the production of the objects that forge 'Colombian music', and how these objects guide new forms of interaction and musical practices. ; Doctorado

In a world society, the university has become a bastion of scientific innovation. This legitimate space within which criticism, discussion, and mobility take place represents a public good, either within the public or the private sector, and operates within national education system. With rapid recent globalization, the university combines teaching, research, and university-community partnerships as essential functions of higher education. To this end, strategies aimed at meeting linguistic responsibilities at international, national, and regional level are developed. The strategies involved put in place measures designed to address language needs of the diverse student population regardless of the linguistic prestige accorded to individual languages. University autonomy means that universities can actively participate in the shaping of public policies on language and education. These factors have taken us to consider the specific role played by universities as agents of educational language policies in Colombia, particularly (but not limited to) the diversity of modern foreign language provision in higher education for specialist and non-specialist students. The sample consists of 10% of Colombian universities located in major cities of the country. The qualitative nature of this study has allowed for systematization of the phenomena analysed. This has been achieved through administering a questionnaire survey as well as structured interviews in nine institutions of higher education. The assembled corpus is informed by 180 questionnaires and 18 interviews carried out following quality parameters. The culmination of our research is a proposal of some general guidelines for educational language policy to be implemented in Colombian universities. The target group of these guidelines is the academic community in Colombia. The proposal might serve as a basis for discussion with a view to the possible development of a policy and approach for multilingual education in Colombia. ; La universidad se ha convertido, en la ...

In a world society, the university has become a bastion of scientific innovation. This legitimate space within which criticism, discussion, and mobility take place represents a public good, either within the public or the private sector, and operates within national education system. With rapid recent globalization, the university combines teaching, research, and university-community partnerships as essential functions of higher education. To this end, strategies aimed at meeting linguistic responsibilities at international, national, and regional level are developed. The strategies involved put in place measures designed to address language needs of the diverse student population regardless of the linguistic prestige accorded to individual languages. University autonomy means that universities can actively participate in the shaping of public policies on language and education. These factors have taken us to consider the specific role played by universities as agents of educational language policies in Colombia, particularly (but not limited to) the diversity of modern foreign language provision in higher education for specialist and non-specialist students. The sample consists of 10% of Colombian universities located in major cities of the country. The qualitative nature of this study has allowed for systematization of the phenomena analysed. This has been achieved through administering a questionnaire survey as well as structured interviews in nine institutions of higher education. The assembled corpus is informed by 180 questionnaires and 18 interviews carried out following quality parameters. The culmination of our research is a proposal of some general guidelines for educational language policy to be implemented in Colombian universities. The target group of these guidelines is the academic community in Colombia. The proposal might serve as a basis for discussion with a view to the possible development of a policy and approach for multilingual education in Colombia. ; La universidad se ha convertido, en la sociedad mundial, en un bastión de la innovación científica. Este espacio legítimo de la crítica, la discusión y la movilidad representa un bien público, sea del sector oficial o privado, y opera dentro de un sistema de educación nacional. Confrontada a la globalización, la universidad integra la enseñanza, la investigación y la extensión como funciones esenciales de la educación superior; para ello, desarrolla estrategias que buscan cumplir con las responsabilidades lingüísticas internacionales, nacionales y regionales y con las necesidades, en este campo, de los estudiantes en la formación de su repertorio de lenguas, independientemente del estatus de ellas. Su autonomía le permite la participación activa en la configuración de las políticas públicas sobre el lenguaje y la educación. Estos factores nos han llevado a analizar el papel específico de las universidades como actrices de las políticas lingüísticas educativas en Colombia, en particular (pero no limitados a) la oferta de enseñanza de idiomas de estas instituciones universitarias a estudiantes especialistas y no especialistas en esta área. La muestra está formada por el 10% de las universidades colombianas distribuidas en las principales ciudades. La naturaleza de este estudio cualitativo ha permitido una sistematización de los fenómenos analizados, por medio del protocolo de la encuesta realizado a través de 180 cuestionarios y la guía de las 18 entrevistas, a partir de parámetros de calidad tenidos en cuenta en las nueve instituciones de educación superior que conforman el corpus. La culminación de nuestra investigación es la propuesta de algunas pautas generales sobre las políticas lingüísticas educativas en universidades colombianas; dichas pautas están dirigidas a las comunidades académicas para su posible discusión en el marco de una educación para el plurilingüismo. ; L'université est devenue, dans la société mondiale, un bastion de l'innovation scientifique. Cet espace légitime de critique, discussion et mobilités représente un bien public, qu'il appartienne au secteur officiel ou privé, et fonctionne dans le cadre d'un système de l'éducation nationale. Confrontée à la mondialisation, l'université intègre l'enseignement, la recherche et le service à la communauté comme fonctions essentielles de l'enseignement supérieur ; pour ce faire, elle développe des stratégies visant à répondre aux responsabilités linguistiques internationales, nationales et régionales ainsi qu'aux besoins langagiers des étudiants dans la formation de leur répertoire linguistique, quel que soit le statut des langues. Son autonomie lui permet une participation active dans la configuration des politiques publiques en matière des langues et de l'éducation. Ces éléments nous ont conduits à analyser le rôle spécifique des universités comme actrices des politiques linguistiques éducatives en Colombie, en particulier (mais non de manière limitative) l'offre de formation en langues de ces institutions universitaires en direction des étudiants spécialistes et non spécialistes dans ce domaine. L'échantillon est formé par 10% des universités colombiennes distribuées dans les principales villes du pays. Le caractère notamment qualitatif de cette étude a permis, grâce au protocole d'enquête des 180 questionnaires et du guide des 18 entretiens, une systématisation des phénomènes analysés à partir des dispositifs de qualité des neuf institutions d'enseignement supérieur qui composent le corpus. La proposition de certaines orientations générales en matière de politiques linguistiques éducatives dans les universités colombiennes constitue l'aboutissement de notre recherche ; elles s'adressent aux communautés universitaires pour leur éventuelle discussion dans le cadre d'une éducation au plurilinguisme.

Álvaro Uribe Vélez served two presidential terms (2002-2010) in Colombia under strict supervision from the United States of America. Drugs were his main concern as Colombia still stands as the number one cocaine producer in the world. Exports coming from this Andean country filled illegal markets all over the world. Figures regarding the production of coca were meant to drop and guerrillas were meant to be demilitarized for the stability of the Colombian territory. Nonetheless, violence, as specificity in Colombia and Uribe's authority made every single anti-drug policy mostly incapable of coping with the wellrouted drug cartels, guerrillas as well as paramilitary groups. United States foreign policy financed both legally and military this matter, but the constant demand for drugs prevailed. One must reconsider the causes that stand behind the drug productions in this specific area as more than just capitalist motivations.