This article analyzes the relations among "communicology," "novitology," & journalism as the practice of public communication. Communicology is defined as a general science on public communication (philosophy of communication), novitology as a specific science dealing with all the singularities of mass communication by means of the mass media (radio, newspapers, TV, & the new media), & journalism as a practice defined by means of the methodology of direct journalistic activities. This leads to the introduction of epistemological order into a number of sciences. Also, misunderstandings & overlappings are avoided, as well as totally erroneous attitudes pernicious for the theory of public communication & journalism as the practice of public polylogue in the media. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.
The article analyzes the intelectual and institutional history of communication and media studies in Croatia using a mixed methods approach. Content analysis of articles dealing with communication and media topics published in social science journals, as well as all articles in specialized media and communication journals in the period between 1969 and 2011, shows the intelectual history of the discipline, with the comparative position of Politicka misao in the theoretical and methodological development of the discipline. The sample includes 481 articles, consisting of all full original articles dealing with communication and media topics published in odd years. Included are articles published in social science journals -- Nase teme and Kulturni radnik (both discontinued in 1990), Politicka misao, Revija za sociologiju, Drustvena istrazivanja and Informatologia, and in scientific journals devoted exclusively to communication and media studies (all started after 1990) -- Medijska istrazivanja, Medianali, Medijske studije. Institutional approach was employed for increased understanding of processes which influenced the development of the academic discipline of communication and media studies in Croatia. Results show an increase in number, the diversity of topics, theoretical approaches, and the scientific quality of published articles, and highlight institutional problems in the development of the discipline. Adapted from the source document.
The author takes issue with the quasi-scientific ideological manifesto that M. Kasapovic presented to the political-science community in her "revisionist text," as she herself characterized it, entitled "Leaving the Plural? The End of Internal Colonisation of Croatian Political Science?" (2007). "Leaving the Plural?" is the introductory & pivotal text in a collection encompassing works by a group of political scientists, which proffers a peculiar view on "the history & state of Croatian political science." In the first part of this article, published in the 2009 issue of Annals of the Croatian Political Science Association, the author's minute analysis unequivocally demonstrated that M. Kasapovic's belligerent manifesto, which does not meet even the minimal professional standards, is an arrogant amalgam of inequity & incomprehension, as well as an implacable attack on the Faculty of Political Science, its professors & its entire history. Here in the second part of the article the author first provides a brief review of a text which is part of M. Kasapovic's recent scientific production, with the aim of showing that the failure to meet the requirements of standard political-science discourse in "Leaving the Plural?" was not an exception. In the final section, the author reflects on the meaning & purpose of the accusations & personal slander contained in M. Kasapovic's defamatory text "Drifting Duo" (2008). In his judgment, the latter text disregards the basic rules of academic communication & is in itself a barbarization of Croatian political science. Adapted from the source document.
Ovaj rad daje prikaz elektroničkog glasovanja, koje sve veći broj država testira i implementira, s više ili manje uspjeha. Dosadašnje metode glasovanja, kao što su glasački listići, bušene kartice, optičko skeniranje i strojevi s polugom, sadrže određene nedostatke, primjerice sigurnosne rizike ili velike troškove, zbog čega se sve više pozornosti pridaje elektroničkom glasovanju kao novoj metodi glasovanja. Kako bi elektroničko glasovanje u određenoj državi bilo što učinkovitije, razna tijela poput Vijeća Europe objavila su smjernice i standarde za njegovo uvođenje, pri čemu se naglasak stavlja na pristupačnost, transparentnost te ponajviše na sigurnost sustava. Ispravno implementirani sustavi za elektroničko glasovanje mogu uvelike pridonijeti brzini i učinkovitosti izbornog procesa; međutim, na konkretnim su primjerima neispravnost uređaja i simulirani, ali i stvarni napadi pokazali da ni ova metoda ne može u potpunosti štititi tajnost glasovanja i integritet izbora. Od triju država čije je korištenje elektroničkog glasovanja opisano u ovom radu (Sjedinjene Američke Države, Estonija i Belgija) jedino ga Estonija koristi uspješno i učinkovito; razlog vjerojatno leži u činjenici da Estonija dugi niz godina koristi internet za vladine usluge te je elektroničko glasovanje bilo logičan potez. Elektroničko glasovanje u Hrvatskoj na državnoj razini trenutačno postoji jedino kao tema medijskih rasprava; telekomunikacijski stručnjaci, međutim, tvrde da potrebna infrastruktura postoji, stoga preostaje vidjeti hoće li i Hrvatska u budućnosti implementirati, ili barem testirati elektroničko glasovanje. ; This paper gives an overview of electronic voting, which is being tested and implemented by an increasing number of countries, with varying degrees of success. Voting methods that have been used so far, such as paper ballots, punch cards, optical scanning and mechanical lever voting machines, each have their own drawbacks, such as safety risks or high financial costs, which is the reason why more attention is being paid ...
Konflikti su dugi niz godina prisutni u svim segmentima ljudskog života, kako privatnom tako i u poslovnom. Budući da se konflikti često pojavljuju na radnim mjestima, neophodno je pravilno upravljanje, a u cilju pronalaska najboljeg rješenja. U ovom radu je stavljen naglasak na upravljanje konfliktima u organizaciji državne službe. Na početku rada pojašnjeni su osnovni pojmovi organizacije državne službe i općenite definicije konflikta. Zatim su navedeni uzroci konflikta u organizaciji te načini upravljanja i rješavanja konflikta u organizaciji. U praktičnom dijelu rada izvršeno je istraživanje u organizaciji državne službe, o uzrocima nastanka konflikta, stilovima ponašanja ispitanika u rješavanju konflikta, uloga rukovoditelja u konfliktni situacijama, te je li konflikti poželjna ili nepoželjna pojava u organizacijama. ; Conflicts have been present for many years in all segments of human life, both privately and in business. Since conflicts often occur at workplaces, proper management is necessary to find the best solution. This thesis focuses on conflict management in the organization of civil service. At the beginning of the thesis, the basic concepts of the civil service organization and the general definition of conflict are explained. Then the causes of conflicts and the ways of managing and resolving conflicts in the organization are listed. In the practical part of the thesis, a research was conducted in the organization of the civil service, on the causes of conflicts, the behavioural styles of respondents in conflict settlement, the role of managers in conflict situations, and whether conflicts are desirable or undesirable in organizations.
Konflikti su dugi niz godina prisutni u svim segmentima ljudskog života, kako privatnom tako i u poslovnom. Budući da se konflikti često pojavljuju na radnim mjestima, neophodno je pravilno upravljanje, a u cilju pronalaska najboljeg rješenja. U ovom radu je stavljen naglasak na upravljanje konfliktima u organizaciji državne službe. Na početku rada pojašnjeni su osnovni pojmovi organizacije državne službe i općenite definicije konflikta. Zatim su navedeni uzroci konflikta u organizaciji te načini upravljanja i rješavanja konflikta u organizaciji. U praktičnom dijelu rada izvršeno je istraživanje u organizaciji državne službe, o uzrocima nastanka konflikta, stilovima ponašanja ispitanika u rješavanju konflikta, uloga rukovoditelja u konfliktni situacijama, te je li konflikti poželjna ili nepoželjna pojava u organizacijama. ; Conflicts have been present for many years in all segments of human life, both privately and in business. Since conflicts often occur at workplaces, proper management is necessary to find the best solution. This thesis focuses on conflict management in the organization of civil service. At the beginning of the thesis, the basic concepts of the civil service organization and the general definition of conflict are explained. Then the causes of conflicts and the ways of managing and resolving conflicts in the organization are listed. In the practical part of the thesis, a research was conducted in the organization of the civil service, on the causes of conflicts, the behavioural styles of respondents in conflict settlement, the role of managers in conflict situations, and whether conflicts are desirable or undesirable in organizations.
Departing from the criticisms that have been raised towards the volume Comparing Media Systems (Hallin and Mancini, 2004) I'll try to discuss which consequences the adoption of the "concept" of system may imply for media studies, what its advantages are and what risks. The first part of the article is devoted to discussing how and when the notion of "system" has been used in political science starting from the work of Easton, Almond and Powell and many others. I'll try to highlight which are the main points of strength and weakness and which definitions have been used. Then I'll move to the field of communication studies: here I'll show how there has been a shift from the study of the effects of the message towards a more general approach linking the media to the surrounding context. I will focus mainly on the work of Blumler and Gurvitch who have been among the first scholars to use such a concept in political communication comparative research. Particular attention will be devoted to the discussion of the notion of "system" as deriving from system theory and functionalist approach. The last part of the text is devoted to discussing similarities and differences in the use that political scientists and media scholars have made of the concept of "system". Adapted from the source document.
Autocenzura je oblik cenzure o kojemu se puno ne govori niti istražuje. No, pojavljuje se, kako u totalitarnim tako i u demokratskim društvima, kroz čitavu povijest pisma, izdavaštva i slobode govora. Od povijesnog pregleda preko razmatranja različitih vrsta, načina provedbe, moralnih aspekata i dualne funkcije autocenzure dolazi se do konkretnog oblika promišljene autocenzure. Ona stvara posebnu tehniku pisanja "između redaka" koja poruku unatoč ograničenjima, uspijeva prenijeti od autora do inteligentna čitatelja služeći dodatno kao zaštita od oštre cenzorske ruke. Takvom su se tehnikom, među ostalim, koristili autori Encyclopédie ou Dictionaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751 – 1772). Predvođeni Denisom Diderotom, takozvani Enciklopedisti, u vrijeme prosvjetiteljstva borili su se za sekularizaciju mišljenja, suprotstavljanje religijskom autoritetu i za bolje obrazovanje svekolike javnosti. Unatoč stalnom nadgledanjima i zabranama izdavanja uspjeli su uz pomoć autocenzure prenijeti svoje heterodoksne poruke. U zadnjem dijelu rada, analizom sadržaja tekstova Encyclopédie prikazani su izravni primjeri autocenzure. Suvremeni se svijet ni danas nije oslobodio cenzure i autocenzure, osobito prisutnih u medijskome svijetu, stoga borba protiv kontrole i zabrane još uvijek traje. ; Self-censorship is a form of censorship that is not much talked about or explored. But it emerges, both in totalitarian and democratic societies, throughout the history of scripture, publishing and free speech. From historical overview through analysis of different types, modes of implementation, moral aspects and dual function of self-censorship, arises a concrete form of deliberate self-censorship. It creates a special "between the lines" writing technique that, despite its limitations, manages to convey the message from an author to an intelligent reader, further serving as protection against the blade of censorship. This technique was used, among other things, by the authors of The Encyclopédie ou Dictionaire ...
The policy of pressure on Croatia as an illustrative -- although not isolated -- example has not inspired empirical & theoretical studies of this phenomenon. The discussion has remained at the level of everyday political discourse, even "coffee-house politics." Due to its extreme topicality, as well as its theoretical "solvency," the author has attempted with this essay to come up with a theoretical definition of the concept of pressure & to demonstrate on the Croatian example its goals, scope, dynamics, & future prospects & outcomes. Among the existing approaches, the author has chosen the "politico-economic approach" which defines the policy of pressure as a specific form of political communication between the "center" & the "periphery" in Wallerstein's "world system." The example of Croatia serves the author as an ideal-type model of such communication through a combination of political science & sociological analysis. In his opinion, & due to certain favorable contingencies, Croatia is the nearest to the ideal type of such communication. Due to a lack of systematic empirical data, the discussion naturally remains at the theoretical-hypothetical level, & should be understood as an invitation to further discussion & as an incentive for more extensive empirical research. However, since this is a very dynamic phenomenon, the question is: is the author's argumentation still valid today as it was at the time when the essay was written? There have been two changes: (1) the war on Kosovo which proves the author's hypotheses; & (2) a certain "thaw" in the relations between the international community (particularly USA) & Croatia (it is still unclear whether this change concerns the fundamental strategic trends or is solely a "politico-meteorological" phenomenon (the alteration of colder & warmer periods). This is why the author did not deem any alterations in the text necessary; one should wait & in the meantime expose the (hypo)theses to some critical scrutiny. 12 References. Adapted from the source document.
The notions of Left & Right form a fundamental semantic pattern within which voters construct their political perceptions & attitudes. Their universal meaning lies in a simple spatial approach to politics as conflict; functionally, Left & Right are "shortcuts" for political communication. In the empirically oriented political science, the Left-Right scale has become a standard variable in public opinion polls. After the initial pessimistic interpretations, in the last 20 years or so, this scale has increasingly demonstrated its validity & reliability. The sources of the Left-Right identification may be manifold, & not solely ideological. Also, the Left-Right scheme has demonstrated a remarkable potential to -- in time -- encompass new political contents & thus create a need for new cross-national & longitudinal studies. Voters -- not scientists -- are those who define what is Left & what is Right. 19 References. Adapted from the source document.
Rad problematizira vanjsko-političku situaciju Republike Srbije koja se nalazi između članstva u euroatlantskim integracijama, odnosno koja je vojno neutralna država okruženama članicama Organizacije Sjeveroatlantskog ugovora. Nadalje, u radu se, primjenom istraživačke metode analize sadržaja, analiziraju članci objavljeni na portalima ''Politika Online'' i ''Danas''. Članci uzeti u obzir odabrani su unutar dvomjesečnog roka (svibanj i lipanj 2016. godine). Cilj analize sadržaja jest utvrđivanje usmjerenja medija spram spomenute teme i vanjsko-političke situacije Srbije, kao utvrđivanje općih novinarskih standarda prilikom prenošenja takvih vijesti (poput argumentiranosti, uravnoteženosti i objektivnosti). Članci su razvrstani prema pripadnosti u rubrici, a zatim kronološki. Suvremena dilema Srbije, koja se nalazi i između članstva u Europskoj Uniji, i sa visokim intenzitetom suradnje sa NATO savezom (članica programa Partnerstvo za mir) neobično je važna za sigurnosni aspekt čitavog prostora Jugoistočne Europe. ; This paper reviews the situation of foreign policy of the Republic of Serbia, which is located between membership in Euro-Atlantic integration, and it's military neutrality while surrounded by members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Furthermore, through the application of research methods of content analysis articles analysed were published on the portals '' Politika Online '' and '' Danas ''. Articles were selected within the two-month period (during the months of May and June 2016). The goal of the content analysis is to determine the orientation of the media towards these themes and situation of foreign policy of Serbia, as well as identification of the general journalistic standards when transmitting such news (such as objectivity and balance). Articles are sorted by belonging to thecertain section, and then chronologically. This modern dilemma of Serbia, which is also a member of the European Union, with the high intensity of cooperation with NATO (member of the Partnership for Peace) ...
Država Izrael u svijetu je prepoznata po višetisućljetnoj židovskoj tradiciji i povijesti. Osim bogate kulture, prožete bliskoistočnim elementima, ali i onima doseljenika iz raznih zapadnih zemalja, Izrael uživa poseban imidž na međunarodnoj pozornici. Taj pak imidž ovisi o više faktora – s jedne strane Izrael predstavlja multikulturalnu zemlju poželjnu kao turističku destinaciju ili pak zemlju za ekonomske i tehnološke inovacije, dok s druge Izrael biva predstavljen u negativnom kontekstu kao vojnička država koja guši prava manjina, posebice arapske. Negativan imidž utječe na Izrael, kao i na svaku drugu državu. Međutim, diplomatskim aktivnostima i raznim projektima ta slika pokušava se iz dana u dan poboljšati. Suradnja između diplomatskih službenika i konzultanata odnosa s javnošću ima za cilj što efektivniju promociju Izraela. Iako je percepcija Izraela ponekad izrazito polarizirana, u poslovnom svijetu taj faktor ne utječe na njegovo gospodarstvo. Baš suprotno, za vrijeme sukoba ili ratnih kriza, izraelski BDP je rastao, a sve to zahvaljujući imidžu vrijednih i upornih ljudi koji uživa židovska populacija u ekonomskom svijetu. U političkom kontekstu, Izrael druge države dijeli na prijateljske, odnosno neprijateljske. Kod prijateljskih, većinom zapadnjačkih država, uživa veliku potporu i u vojnom i u gospodarskom smislu te negativno pisanje svjetski poznatih medija ne utječe na tu potporu. Ovaj rad istražuje strategije međunarodnih odnosa s javnošću i diplomacije Države Izrael kao brenda u međunarodnoj zajednici. Kroz kratak povijesni pregled predstavlja se razvoj metoda kojima se izgrađuje imidž Izraela na međunarodnoj pozornici, a stručnjaci i diplomati daju praktičan uvid u funkcioniranje javne diplomacije i odnosa s javnošću na razini jedne države. ; The State of Israel is renowed worldwide for its millenial Jewish tradition and history. Besides its rich culture, infused with Middle Eastern and Western flavours, Israel nurtures a distinctive image in the international arena. The image is influenced by ...
U nekim slučajevima, državna, regionalna i lokalna uprava ne prepoznaju baštinu kao nešto važno. Zato je važno imati razvijeno civilno društvo koje može preuzeti tu ulogu. U ovom diplomskom radu obrađuje se tematika civilnog društva te upravljanja baštinom. U uvodnom dijelu rada opisan je pojam baštine te civilno društvo i organizacije civilnog društva koje su njegov integralni dio. U glavnom dijelu rada analizira se povijesni razvoj dviju zaklada iz Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, a to su: National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty i English Heritage. Prikazano je kako su se te zaklade razvile u vrlo velike organizacije koje danas imaju značajnu ulogu pri zaštiti i upravljanju baštinom te pri kreiranju raznih kulturnih politika. Prikazana je njihova vrlo duga povijest djelovanja, kao i izuzetni rezultati te različita iskustava na polju upravljanja baštinom u raznim povijesnim kontekstima. U završnom dijelu rada ukratko je prikazan i povijesni razvoj udruge Društvo prijatelja dubrovačke starine iz Republike Hrvatske koja ima iskustvo od gotovo sedam desetljeća na području zaštite i upravljanja baštinom na dubrovačkom području. Glavni zaključak rada je da je najveće postignuće ovih triju entiteta civilnog društva, zasigurno, uspješno zaustavljanje propadanja mnogih baštinskih resursa koji su sačuvani za buduće generacije. ; In some cases, state, regional and local authorities do not recognize heritage as something of importance. Therefore, it is important to have a highly developed civil society that is capable to take on that role. The main subjects of this master's thesis are civil society and heritage management. In the introductory part of the paper the notion of heritage is depicted. Also, civil society and the organizations that are their integral part are described. The main part of the paper analyses historical development of two charities from the United Kingdom. These are: National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, and English Heritage. It is described how small ...
Protokol kao disciplina predstavlja skup propisanih i unaprijed utvrđenih pravila lijepog ponašanja, komunikacije i međusobnog ophođenja prilikom političkih, gospodarskih i društvenih aktivnosti države i njezinih predstavnika te drugih pravnih subjekata poput međunarodnih organizacija. Prije svega protokol predstavlja smjernice civiliziranog ponašanja u međusobnom ophođenju i komunikaciji. Protokol i poštivanje protokolarnih pravila ima dugačku i tradicijski bogatu povijest, pravilima lijepog i uljudnog ponašanja pridodavala se posebna pažnja i pozornost još od vremena organiziranja bogatih ceremonijalnih prigoda na dvorovima velikih vladara i visokih državnika. Važnost poštivanja protokolarnih pravila proizlazi iz činjenice da se poštivanjem pravila ponašanja i postupanja unaprijed utvrđenih propisima kojima se definira protokol, prije svega iskazuju poštovanje i čast prema drugim državama i njihovim predstavnicima, te ostalim međunarodnim subjektima. Protokolarna procedura i njeno strogo poštivanje jedan su od bitnijih preduvjeta za provođenje uspješne državne diplomacije. Diplomacija je disciplina putem koje se promiču interesi i moć države, o uspješnosti i vještini diplomatskog znanja ovisi rješavanje bitnih vanjskopolitičkih i međunarodnih pitanja između država. Uspješnosti diplomacije u međunarodnom okruženju između ostalog pridonosi i dobro organiziran diplomatski protokol. Diplomacija i protokol moraju biti dobro iskoordinirani i povezani kako bi u očima susjednih zemalja, Europe i svijeta stvorili pozitivnu sliku Republike Hrvatske, te na što bolji način promovirali njezine vrijednosti i prednosti. Uspješna diplomacija najbolji je promotor svoje zemlje, najbolje gradi pozitivan imidž zemlje i na taj način stvara uspješan i prepoznatljiv brand Republike Hrvatske u međunarodnom okruženju. ; Protocol as a discipline is a set of prescribed and pre-established rules of good manners, communication and mutual dealings during political, economic and social activities of the state and its representatives, and ...
Protokol kao disciplina predstavlja skup propisanih i unaprijed utvrđenih pravila lijepog ponašanja, komunikacije i međusobnog ophođenja prilikom političkih, gospodarskih i društvenih aktivnosti države i njezinih predstavnika te drugih pravnih subjekata poput međunarodnih organizacija. Prije svega protokol predstavlja smjernice civiliziranog ponašanja u međusobnom ophođenju i komunikaciji. Protokol i poštivanje protokolarnih pravila ima dugačku i tradicijski bogatu povijest, pravilima lijepog i uljudnog ponašanja pridodavala se posebna pažnja i pozornost još od vremena organiziranja bogatih ceremonijalnih prigoda na dvorovima velikih vladara i visokih državnika. Važnost poštivanja protokolarnih pravila proizlazi iz činjenice da se poštivanjem pravila ponašanja i postupanja unaprijed utvrđenih propisima kojima se definira protokol, prije svega iskazuju poštovanje i čast prema drugim državama i njihovim predstavnicima, te ostalim međunarodnim subjektima. Protokolarna procedura i njeno strogo poštivanje jedan su od bitnijih preduvjeta za provođenje uspješne državne diplomacije. Diplomacija je disciplina putem koje se promiču interesi i moć države, o uspješnosti i vještini diplomatskog znanja ovisi rješavanje bitnih vanjskopolitičkih i međunarodnih pitanja između država. Uspješnosti diplomacije u međunarodnom okruženju između ostalog pridonosi i dobro organiziran diplomatski protokol. Diplomacija i protokol moraju biti dobro iskoordinirani i povezani kako bi u očima susjednih zemalja, Europe i svijeta stvorili pozitivnu sliku Republike Hrvatske, te na što bolji način promovirali njezine vrijednosti i prednosti. Uspješna diplomacija najbolji je promotor svoje zemlje, najbolje gradi pozitivan imidž zemlje i na taj način stvara uspješan i prepoznatljiv brand Republike Hrvatske u međunarodnom okruženju. ; Protocol as a discipline is a set of prescribed and pre-established rules of good manners, communication and mutual dealings during political, economic and social activities of the state and its representatives, and other entities such as international organizations. First of all protocol presents guidelines of civilized behavior in dealing with mutual communication. Protocol and their compliance rules has a long and traditionally rich history, rules of the beautiful and civilized behavior was placed on special care and attention from the time of organizing the rich ceremonial occasions in the mansions of great rulers and senior statesmen. The importance of complying with the protocol stems from the fact that through abiding by the rules of conduct set by regulations that define protocol, first and foremost respect and honour are shown towards other states and their representatives, as well as other international entities. Protocol procedures and its strict respect are one of the most important preconditions for successful implementation of state diplomacy.Diplomacy is a discipline through which to promote the interests and power of the state, performance and diplomatic skills depends on solving the important foreign policy and international issues between the countries. The success of diplomacy in the international environment, among other things contributes to the well-organized diplomatic protocol. Diplomacy and protocol must be well coordinated and linked to in the eyes of neighboring countries, Europe and the world so we can create a positive image of the Croatia and what better way to promote its values and benefits. Successful diplomacy is the best promoter of our country, it best builds a positive image of the country and thereby creating a successful and recognizable brand in the Croatian international environment.